2020年高考真题+高考模拟题 专项版解析汇编 英语—— 02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气 （教师版）

2020年高考真题+高考模拟题 专项版解析汇编 英语—— 02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气 （教师版）

‎2020年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编 专题02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气 一、2020年高考真题 ‎1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.‎ ‎【答案】touched ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。‎ ‎2.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂‎ ‎67.【答案】means ‎【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。‎ ‎68．【答案】is constructed ‎【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。‎ ‎3.（2020·新课标I卷短文改错）I like eating tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.‎ ‎【答案】将to去掉 ‎【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：并且我认为它一定很简单。must是情态动词，后接动词原形，to多余，故将to去掉。‎ ‎4．（2020·新课标II卷短文改错）Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice.‎ ‎【答案】start→started ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。‎ ‎5．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The artist was sure he would63．(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.‎ ‎【答案】be chosen ‎【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。‎ ‎6．（2020·新课标III卷语法填空） 65（When/As） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river.‎ ‎【答案】pointed ‎【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。‎ ‎7.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need).‎ ‎【答案】was needed ‎【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。‎ ‎8.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.‎ ‎【答案】had discovered ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.‎ ‎9.（2020·浙江卷语法填空）New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.‎ ‎【答案】meant ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。‎ ‎10.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39（which/that） opened in 1759.‎ ‎【答案】formed ‎【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。‎ ‎11.（2020·山东卷语法填空）The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms.‎ ‎【答案】are called ‎【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。‎ ‎12．（2020·天津卷单项填空）Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy .‎ A．must B．can C．need D．should ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must必须；B. can能，可以；C. need需要；D. should应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故选B。‎ ‎13．（2020·天津卷单项填空）—You are a great swimmer.‎ ‎—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.‎ A．have been practising B．was practising C．would practise D．had practised ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：——你游泳很棒。——谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。‎ ‎14．（2020·天津卷单项填空）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level since.‎ A．are remaining B．have remained C．is remaining D．has remained ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。‎ ‎15.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______ everyone.‎ A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。‎ ‎16.（2020·江苏卷单项填空）Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.‎ A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选A。‎ 二、2020届模拟题 ‎1. (2020届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟)— You really did a good job,Robert!‎ ‎— I was just doing my job and anyone in my position___________the same like me.‎ A. might do B. could do C. should have done D. would have done ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：罗伯特，你真棒！--我只是做了我该做的事情，任何一个跟我站在同一角度的人都会这么做的。分析句子可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，故应用would have done。故选D。‎ ‎2. (2020届天津市河北区高三一模) I jumped with joy the moment I ______ my driver’s license in the mail.‎ A. receive B. received C. had received D. would receive ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：我一收到邮寄来的驾照，就高兴得跳了起来。the moment引导的时间状语从句，主句主语与从句主语几乎同时发生，且句子都为一般过去时。故选B项。‎ ‎3. (2020届天津市和平区高三线下第一次模拟考试)Charlie's wheelchair ______ out of power. He drove it into my office and looked for a place to charge it.‎ A. run B. have run C. had run D. was running ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词时态。句意：查理的轮椅快没电了。 他把它开进我的办公室，找了个地方充电费。根据下文He drove it into my office and looked for a place to charge it.可知，轮椅快没电，run out of“耗尽；用光”，用进行时表示“即将用光”，故选D。‎ ‎4. (2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模)— Fancy meeting you here! Are you a librarian?‎ ‎— Not really. I________my volunteer effort until the new term begins.‎ A. will just contribute B. have just contributed C. just contribute D. am just contributing ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：——很高兴在这儿见到你！你是图书馆管理员吗？——并不是。我只是在做志愿者工作，一直做到新学期开始。根据语境和句中给出的时间状语until the new term begins可知，讲话者目前正在从事志愿者工作，表示说话时正在进行的动作，符合现在进行时的特点，要用现在进行时。故选D项。‎ ‎5. ( 2020届江苏省连云港市赣榆区高三高考仿真训练) I hate to say this but you need to stop doing things like this because they __________ me all the time.‎ A. disturb B. have disturbed C. disturbed D. are disturbing ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我讨厌这样说，但是你需要停止这做这些事情，因为它们老是打扰了我。根据句意及时间状语all the time可知，使用现在进行时，与all the time(一直)搭配，表示厌恶。故选D。‎ ‎6. (2020届江苏省南通等苏北七市高三三模)When Stanley finally made it to the lecture hall, the professor________his speech for half an hour.‎ A. had delivered B. delivered C. was delivering D. has delivered ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词时态。句意： 当斯坦利终于来到演讲厅时，教授已经演讲半个小时了。根据句意，“deliver”这一动作发生在“made it”之前，when引导的时间状语从句表示过去发生的动作，故“发表演讲”是发生在“过去的过去”的动作，用过去完成时，故选A。‎ ‎7. ( 2020届江苏省连云港市赣榆区高三高考仿真训练) I __________ to give you just a surprise quiz but on second thought I chose to let you reflect on your exercises.‎ A. had intended B. has intended C. intended D. has been intended ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：我本打算给你一个惊喜测验，但经过仔细考虑，我选择让你反思一下你的练习。根据 I chose to let you reflect on your exercises.可知，had intended to do sth“本打算做某事,实际上却未做”符合句意。故此题选A。‎ ‎8.(2020届天津市滨海七所重点学校高三毕业班联考)— I’m sorry. I shouldn’t have been shouting at you.‎ ‎— You ________ your temper but that’s all right.‎ A. have lost B. had lost C. were losing D. did lose ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查强调谓语的用法。句意：--对不起，我不应该冲你大声喊叫。--你确实发脾气了但是没关系。分析句子可知，此处强调谓语lost，强调谓语时，可以用do,does,did+动词原形。分析句意可知，此事已经过去了，故应用一般过去时。故应用did lose。结合选项，故选D。‎ ‎9. (2020届天津市和平区高三线下第一次模拟考试) Poor Mr. Perkins had to wait patiently until his car was the only one that ______ in the parking lot.‎ A. left B. would leave C. was left D. had been left ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：可怜的珀金斯先生不得不耐心地等着，直到他的车成为停车场里唯一剩下的车。that引导定语从句，从句中做主语，故从句谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致，先行词是the only one，one指代上文提到的car，且car与leave是动宾关系，故用被动语态，排除A、B项；根据上文的had to wait until his car was可推断，leave动作发生在had to wait之后，与was时间一致，用一般过去时，故排除D。故选C。‎ ‎10. (2020届天津市河东区高三学习检测)Jenny _______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.‎ A. must B. should C. need D. would ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 考查情态动词+have done。句意：詹妮本应该信守诺言的。我想知道她为什么改变主意。根据后半句I wonder why she changed her mind.可知，詹妮没有信守诺言，should have done sth.“本应该做某事却没做”符合句意。must have done过去一定做了；needn’t have done本没必要做某事却做了；would have done多用于虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设。故选B。‎ ‎11. (2020届天津市河东区高三学习检测)One of the minners _______ underground for a long time last week.‎ A. was trapped B. have trapped C. has trapped D. were trapped ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：上周，其中一名矿工被困在地下很长时间。根据句意可知，此处应该是“被困在地下”，再结合时间状语last week可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。‎ ‎12. (2020届天津市河北区高三一模)According to a newly released regulation on online video services, no one _____ generate, release or spread fake news or information by using such technologies.‎ A. can B. shall C. will D. may ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：根据最新发行的关于网络视频服务的规章，任何人都不可以使用此类技术生成、发行或者传播虚假消息。A. can 能够，有时会；B. shall ‎ 一三人称表示征求对方意见； 二三人称陈述句，表示允诺、威胁、恐吓或法律条文的规定。C. will 意愿；D. may 也许，可能。根据前面的regulation（规定）可知，本题选shall更加合理。故选B。‎ ‎13. (2020届天津市和平区高三线下第一次模拟考试) There are over 50,000 signs in modern Chinese but luckily, Chinese children ______ learn all of them for everyday purpose.‎ A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. won't ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：现代汉语中有超过5万种标志，但幸运的是，中国儿童不必学习所有这些标志用于日常目的。A. needn't不必；B. mustn't表示禁止； C. can't不可能；D. won't不愿意。根据but luckily可推断，不必学习如此多的东西，故选A。‎ ‎14.(2020届天津市滨海七所重点学校高三毕业班联考)Every coin has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, ________ just be noise to others.‎ A. must B. should C. may D. would ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：任何事物都有两面性。美丽的歌曲，有时候，对别人来说也许是噪音。A. must一定，表示肯定推测；B. should应该；C. may也许，可能；D. would将会，表示对将来的推测。分析句子可知，此处应该表示可能的推测，“美丽的歌曲，有时候，对别人来说也许是噪音。”。结合选项，故选C。‎ ‎15. (2020届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟)— Do you like your new place?‎ ‎— Yes,I do.But it's a little far from my college,and the traffic____________me.‎ A. killed B. has killed C. had killed D. is killing ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查时态。句意：——你喜欢你的新地方吗？——是的，但是它离我的大学有点远，交通堵塞得我要命。分析句意可知，表示现在正在发生的事情，用现在进行时。结合选项，故选D。‎ ‎16. What a pity! The parents could have survived the earthquake __________ to save their child.‎ A. hadn’t they come back B. have they come back C. didn’t they come back D. did they come back ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查省略if的条件句。句意：真遗憾!‎ 如果不是回来救孩子，这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词为had，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把had置于句首。从句“if they hadn’t come back”省略if，提前hadn’t，句子写成“hadn’t they come back”。故选A项。‎ ‎【点睛】‎ if引导的虚拟条件句，当从句的谓语动词含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把were，should，had等词置于句首。‎ ‎17. (2020届天津新高考模拟)You _________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best.‎ A. must B. should C. mustn’t D. shouldn't ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是shouldn't have done，指做了本不该做的事，故选D。‎ ‎18．（2020届天津市河西区英语高三二模）My computer start this morning. There must have been something wrong with it.‎ A．shouldn't B．wouldn't C．needn't D．mustn't ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我的电脑今早怎么也启动不了了。一定是出了什么问题。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. wouldn’t不会；C. needn't不需要；D. mustn’t禁止，不允许。分析句子，后句提到“一定有什么东西坏了，所以电脑启动不了”。根据情态动词wouldn't表示过去的习惯或反复性的动作。故选B。‎ ‎19. (2020届天津市河西区英语高三二模)Delete the short message at once! Many a man ______ by such tricks up to now.‎ A. are cheated B. is cheated C. have been cheated D. has been cheated ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查现在完成时态的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：立即删除短消息!到目前为止，许多人都被这种把戏欺骗了。句子中Many a man作主语，后面的谓语动词用单数形式，且和谓语动词cheat之间构成被动关系，再根据up to now，所以句子用现在完成时态的被动语态。故选D。‎ ‎20. (2020届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟)— Were all the articles of clothing for the models carried to the fashion show?‎ ‎— No,_______only some of them.‎ A. it is B. it was C. they are D. they were ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查强调句型。句意：——模特们的衣服都带到时装秀上了吗？——不，只是其中一些。此空是对上一句的回答，上一句用一般过去时，本空也用一般过去时，本句是强调句型，原句为it was only some of them that were carried to the fashion show，此处省略了that were carried to the fashion show，所以用it was。故选B项。‎ ‎21. What a pity! The parents could have survived the earthquake __________ to save their child.‎ A. hadn’t they come back B. have they come back C. didn’t they come back D. did they come back ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查省略if的条件句。句意：真遗憾!如果不是回来救孩子，这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从句的谓语动词为had，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把had置于句首。从句“if they hadn’t come back”省略if，提前hadn’t，句子写成“hadn’t they come back”。故选A项。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎