2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists课后达标检测 人教版必修5

2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists课后达标检测 人教版必修5

Unit 1 Great scientists ‎(建议用时：40分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·哈尔滨一模)Chloe Kim was one of America’s top Olympians in the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics in South Korea. The snowboarding champion, who grew up in California, competed there at 17 years of age. She became the youngest woman ever to win an Olympic gold medal in the halfpipe competition.‎ She has recently won a halfpipe competition during the Winter X Games in Aspen, Colorado. But the 18yearold snowboarder has decided to trade some trips down the halfpipe for an Ivy League education after the world championship competition in Utah. Beginning in the next fall, Kim will be joining Princeton University’s class. Instead of centering on the physics of her winning snowboard moves, she could now be learning the subject in school. In a recent interview, Kim said, “While I have a special identity and my life has always been so different, I still aim to make my higher education experience as normal as possible.” Kim added, “I’d love to be Chloe, the girl who sits next to me in the English class.”‎ Kim received widespread attention during the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. Her publicity was fueled by her friendly, energetic nature as well as her interesting family story. Along her path to Olympic gold, Kim also became a social media star. She helped design a snowboarding Barbie doll in her likeness, rapped with hiphop artist GEazy and joined other sports stars to be honored with ESPY Awards(年度卓越体育表现奖). While all of these are fun, Kim says she now looks forward to a new challenge—earning a degree from one of America’s top universities. She says she considers her acceptance to Princeton just as much of an honor as earning an Olympic gold medal.‎ She is still considering what her exact field of study will be at Princeton. But she says it will involve something sciencerelated, possibly chemistry or biology. She is attempting to work out a plan that will permit her to keep training while going to classes. Kim says her sports and educational goals go hand in hand.‎ 10‎ ‎ “It’s all about progressing the sports and also pushing myself，” she said. “To see what I can do, and how far I can go.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文介绍了美国的冬奥会冠军克洛伊·金在获得多次单板女子滑雪比赛冠军后，决定要像普通人一样投身于文化知识的学习中。‎ ‎1．What can we learn according to the passage?‎ A．Kim’s personality and family background help raise her publicity.‎ B．Kim majors in physics in Princeton University to improve her snowboard moves.‎ C．Kim thinks being admitted to Princeton earns her more honors than being a sports star.‎ D．Kim decides to give up the world championship competition in Utah.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Her publicity was fueled by her friendly, energetic nature as well as her interesting family story.”可知，克洛伊·金的友好、充满活力的性格以及她有趣的家庭故事为她赢得了大家的关注。故选A项。‎ ‎2．What does Kim mean by saying “I’d love to be Chloe, the girl who sits next to me in the English class.”？‎ A．She tries to hide her identity as a snowboarding champion.‎ B．She desires to live a normal life in her study experience.‎ C．She determines to forget all about her earlier sports life.‎ D．She hopes the girl sitting by her is named Chloe as her.‎ B　解析：句意猜测题。根据第二段中的“While I have a special identity and my life has always been so different, I still aim to make my higher education experience as normal as possible.”可知，在克洛伊·金看来，虽然她的身份和人生与众不同，但是她仍然希望自己能像普通人一样接受高等教育。也就是说，她希望自己成为像旁边坐的女孩一样的普通学生。故选B项。‎ ‎3．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Snowboarding Champion Regains Popularity with Sports Lovers　‎ B．Snowboarding Champion Challenges Other Fields Successfully C．Snowboarding Champion Sets Sights on Education D．Snowboarding Champion Cooperates with Princeton University C　解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段介绍了克洛伊·金是奥运冠军以及她的成功经历；第二段中的“But the 18yearold snowboarder has decided to trade some trips down the halfpipe for an Ivy League education...”指出她想将自己的比赛之旅换成在常青藤大学受教育的机会。因此，本文讲述了克洛伊·金在获得多次单板女子滑雪比赛冠军后，决定要像普通人一样投身于文化知识的学习中。故选C项。‎ 10‎ ‎4．From which is the passage probably taken?‎ A．A study brochure.‎ B．A short story collection.‎ C．A newspaper.‎ D．An autobiography.‎ C　解析：文章出处题。根据文章第一段的语言表达方式，以及后文对克洛伊·金的话的引用可知，这是一篇新闻报道。故选C项。‎ B ‎(2020·成都诊断)Japan recently lowered its voting age from 20 to 18.This decision was in part to help young people feel more engaged in politics.But it may also signal the change of social views regarding the beginning of adulthood.‎ Adulthood has traditionally been defined by a combination of age and the achievement of social milestones(里程碑)．Most countries have a legally defined age to determine when a person becomes an adult—the age of majority.In Australia, most states consider a person to be an adult in court at 18.The age of 18 is also consistent with other adult privileges, such as the right to purchase alcohol and to marry. However, 17yearolds can serve in the army and get a driver’s licence.The law defines adulthood on the basis of age and it also recognizes the process of becoming an adult as involving himself gradually in social responsibility.This legal approach to adulthood is mirrored in other countries, where there are differences between the age of majority and social responsibility given to young people.‎ Socially, determinants of adulthood traditionally focus on a person taking increasing responsibility for their lives in various ways.Completing school，taking fulltime employment, getting married and parenthood—these are all observable indicators to determine when a person is viewed as an adult.‎ Since the 1980s, however, people have achieved some of these observable milestones at later ages.Increased access to education has delayed young people leaving home and developing romantic relationships.Economic changes have also resulted in unstable employment markets and increases in costs of living, prompting many young people to remain at home and dependent on parents.‎ Due to these social changes, our expectations of young people and their level of social responsibility have also changed.The recognition of a new life stage—emerging(发展初期的) adulthood—has been recommended to account for the changes to social milestones that have traditionally represented adulthood.‎ 10‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了由于教育机会的增加、经济上的变化等社会变化，年轻人进入成年人生阶段的时间推迟了。‎ ‎5．What can we learn about adulthood from the text?‎ A．People reach observable indicators much later.‎ B．Age alone is a reliable determinant of adulthood.‎ C．Participation in politics is a responsibility for adulthood.‎ D．Economic changes mainly shift people’s views on adulthood.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段前两句“Japan recently lowered its voting age from 20 to 18.This decision was in part to help young people feel more engaged in politics.”可知，日本最近将投票年龄从20岁降至18岁，这一决定在某种程度上是为了帮助年轻人更好地参与政治；又根据本段第三句中的“it may also signal the change of social views regarding the beginning of adulthood”可推知，参与政治是成年人的责任，故C项正确。‎ ‎6．What right can people enjoy at the age of 17 in most states of Australia?‎ A．Voting.　　　　　　　　 B．Buying wines.‎ C．Getting married. D．Driving legally.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第五句“However, 17yearolds can serve in the army and get a driver’s licence.”可知，在澳大利亚的大部分州，人们在17岁时可以服兵役和获得驾照，故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “prompting” in paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A．Encouraging. B．Advising.‎ C．Forbidding. D．Persuading.‎ A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段尾句“Economic changes have also resulted in unstable employment markets and increases in costs of living, prompting many young people to remain at home and dependent on parents.”可知，经济上的变化也导致了不稳定的就业市场和生活成本的增加，这促使许多年轻人留在家里并依赖父母；据此可推知，A项“促进，助长”与画线词意思相近，故A项正确。‎ ‎8．What’s the main idea of the text?‎ A．Emerging adulthood reflects a new life stage.‎ B．Adulthood is defined differently in different places.‎ C．Social changes are challenging the idea of adulthood.‎ D．Adulthood is a combination of rights and responsibilities.‎ C　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章尾段第一句“Due to these social changes, our expectations of young people and their level of social responsibility 10‎ ‎ have also changed.”为全文的主题句；又结合全文内容可知，本文主要论述了由于社会的变化，年轻人进入成年人生阶段的时间发生了变化，而人们关于“成年”这一概念的看法也发生了变化，故C项正确。‎ ‎【难句分析】　Economic changes have also resulted in unstable employment markets and increases in costs of living, prompting many young people to remain at home and dependent on parents.‎ 分析：该句是一个简单句，句中的“prompting many young people to remain at home and dependent on parents”为现在分词短语作结果状语；result in意为“导致，造成”。‎ 译文：经济上的变化也导致了不稳定的就业市场和生活成本的增加，这促使许多年轻人留在家里并依赖父母。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·武汉4月调研)It was New Year time. We were travelling in a van(小型货车) __1__ toys to the homeless. When we __2__ the spot, something caught my eye. Something or someone was moving in the rubbish. Soon I __3__ that it was the home of a poor family. There were two __4__， both about my age at the time, and a lady I supposed to be their mother. They sat there __5__．‎ As a little girl myself I was __6__ interested in the little girl. How __7__ our lives were. She lived for the day, __8__ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after and never had to worry about __9__. I had a good education and thus a __10__ future. I looked at the little girl. The only __11__ she had was the wornout dress that she was wearing.‎ Seeing this little girl I made the decision to __12__ a doll that had belonged to me for a while. When the van came to a __13__， I stepped out, called the girl over and __14__ the doll in her hand. At first she looked at me with __15__ and wasn’t certain what to do, but then she smiled and I saw __16__ in her eyes. I went back into the vehicle and we started to __17__ off, and that’s when we realized the little girl was running __18__. We stopped again and opened the door. The girl had __19__ with us. She looked directly at me and said two __20__ words—Thank You.‎ ‎【解题导语】　“我们”在新年期间，开车去为无家可归的人分发玩具：“我”远远地发现了一个小女孩，她靠在垃圾中寻找食物为生，于是“我”走过去，将刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给了她，然后就离开了；“我们”发现那位女孩在追我们，“我们”停下了车，她向“我”说了句“谢谢”。‎ ‎1．A.showing B．recommending C．distributing D．selling 10‎ C　解析：根据下文“我”送给小女孩玩具娃娃可知，“我们”在新年期间给无家可归的人分发玩具。故选C。A项意为“展示”；B项意为“推荐”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“出售”。‎ ‎2．A.left B．changed C．chose D．approached D　解析：根据下文中的“When the van came to a ______， I stepped out”可知，当“我们”接近目的地的时候，有东西引起了“我”的注意。故选D。‎ ‎3．A.guaranteed B．realized C．decided D．accepted B　解析：根据空后的“it was the home of a poor family”并结合语境可知，“我”很快意识到那是一户贫困人家的家。故选B。A项意为“保证”；B项意为“意识到”；C项意为“决定”；D项意为“接受”。‎ ‎4．A.boys B．children C．drivers D．adults B　解析：根据下文中的“As a little girl myself”可知，当时那里有两个和“我”的年龄差不多的孩子，还有一位女士，可能是他们的母亲。故选B。‎ ‎5．A.happily B．angrily C．hopefully D．helplessly D　解析：根据下文中的“______ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach”和“the wornout dress”可知，他们无助地坐在垃圾旁边。故选D。‎ ‎6．A.still B．less C．especially D．probably C　解析：根据语境可知，作为一个小女孩，“我”尤其对那个小女孩感兴趣。故选C。‎ ‎7．A.similar B．different C．difficult D．ordinary B　解析：根据下文中的“She lived for the day...to fill her stomach”“I on the other hand was well looked after...a ______ future.”可知，我们的生活差别很大。故选B。‎ ‎8．A.searching B．getting C．running D．breaking A　解析：根据上文中的“Something or someone was moving in the rubbish.”可推知，当时那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找东西以填饱自己的肚子。故选A。‎ ‎9．A.food B．safety C．health D．transport 10‎ A　解析：根据上文可知，那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找食物，而“我”却得到了很好的照顾，从来不用担心食物。故选A。‎ ‎10．A.doubtful B．distant C．promising D．foreseeable C　解析：根据该空前的“I had a good education”可知，“我”接受了良好的教育，“我”也有一个有前途的未来。故选C。A项意为“怀疑的”；B项意为“遥远的”；C项意为“有前途的”；D项意为“可预知的”。‎ ‎11．A.present B．decoration C．requirement D．possession D　解析：根据上文内容并结合语境可知，那个小女孩仅有的财产就是她身上穿的那件破旧的裙子。故选D。A项意为“礼物”；B项意为“装饰”；C项意为“要求”；D项意为“财产”。‎ ‎12．A.give away B．give back C．hand out D．hand in A　解析：根据下文中的“I stepped out...the doll in her hand”可知，看到这个小女孩，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给她。故选A。A项意为“赠送”；B项意为“归还”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“提交”。‎ ‎13．A.station B．stop C．street D．signal B　解析：根据上文可知，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给那个小女孩，所以当车一停下来，“我”立刻下车，叫那个小女孩过来，然后将玩具娃娃放(placed)在她的手里。故选B。‎ ‎14．A.tore B．placed C．dropped D．threw B　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎15．A.anger B．pain C．surprise D．disappointment C　解析：根据空后的“and wasn’t certain what to do”和语境可知，那个小女孩刚开始惊讶地看着“我”。故选C。‎ ‎16．A.hope B．loneliness C．anxiety D．astonishment A　解析：根据上文可知，那个小女孩一家绝望地坐在垃圾旁边，并结合语境可知，“我”将玩具娃娃放在她手里，她对“我”微笑，“我”从小女孩的眼中看到了希望。故选A。A项意为“希望”；B项意为“孤独”；C项意为“焦虑”；D项意为“震惊”。‎ 10‎ ‎17．A.walk B．get C．lift D．drive D　解析：根据下文中的“We stopped again”可知，“我”回到车上，“我们”开车离开，那时“我们”才意识到，那个小女孩正在后面追赶“我们”。故选D。‎ ‎18．A.behind B．away C．out D．in A　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎19．A.got along B．come along C．caught up D．turned up C　解析：根据上文的“We stopped again and opened the door.”可知，小女孩追上了我们。故选C。get along with“与……相处”；come along with“和……在一起”；catch up with“追上，赶上”。‎ ‎20．A.final B．new C．key D．simple D　解析：根据语境可知，小女孩直接看着“我”，说了两个简单的词——Thank You。故选D。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2020·安徽名校联考)To increase the aware of protecting the environment, last Saturday we, some volunteers, carried out environmental protection activity in the Civil Square.‎ In the morning, we have gathered at the school gate at 7：00. Then we walked to the square, when we were divided into several groups. Some collected the rubbishes on the square, some cleared the old posters off the walls, and another swept the ground. The duty of my group is to deliver environmental protection brochures and introduces the importance of environmental protection.‎ Time passed quickly. It was getting late after we knew it and the square looked more beautifully. Tiring as I was, I was very happy because we did do something to protect the environment.‎ 答案：‎ To increase the of protecting the environment, last Saturday we, some volunteers, carried out environmental protection activity in the Civil Square.‎ In the morning, we gathered at the school gate at 7：00. Then we walked to ‎ 10‎ the square, we were divided into several groups. Some collected the on the square, some cleared the old posters off the walls, and swept the ground. The duty of my group is to deliver environmental protection brochures and the importance of environmental protection.‎ Time passed quickly. It was getting late we knew it and the square looked more . as I was, I was very happy because we did do something to protect the environment.‎ ‎①aware改为awareness。此处意为“为了增强保护环境的意识”，根据前面的the和后面的of可知，此处应用aware的名词形式，故将aware改为awareness。‎ ‎②在environmental前加an。此处泛指“一次环境保护活动”，且后面的activity是单数，故在environmental前加an。‎ ‎③删除have。这次活动的时间为上文提到的last Saturday，所以In the morning是指上周六的早上，是表示过去的时间状语，应用一般过去时，故删除have。‎ ‎④when改为where。此处是定语从句，先行词为the square，从句中缺地点状语，故将when改为where。‎ ‎⑤rubbishes改为rubbish。rubbish意为“垃圾”，是不可数名词，故将rubbishes改为rubbish。‎ ‎⑥another改为others。根据语境可知，此处应表示“一些人捡广场上的垃圾，一些人清理墙上的旧海报，其他的人扫地”。another意为“另外一个”，不能表示剩下的全部，故将another改为others。‎ ‎⑦introduces改为introduce。这句话中，系动词is之后是由and连接的两个并列的表语，即to deliver environmental protection brochures和(to) introduce the importance of environmental protection，故将introduces改为introduce。‎ ‎⑧after改为before。根据语境可知，此处应表示“转眼之间，天就黑了”，before sb. know it是一种固定用法，表示“转眼之间，一下子”，故将after改为before。‎ ‎⑨beautifully改为beautiful。此处looked为系动词，后面应加形容词作表语表示状态，故将beautifully改为beautiful。‎ ‎⑩Tiring改为Tired。此处是as引导的让步状语从句。把表语形容词提到句首，后面句子用倒装，此处的形容词应该是修饰I的状态，故将Tiring改为Tired。注意句子开头首字母大写。‎ 10‎ 10‎