高一英语教案：第10讲 阅读拓展训练之英美文化

高一英语教案：第10讲 阅读拓展训练之英美文化

辅导教案 学员姓名： 学科教师：‎ 年 级：高一 辅导科目： ‎ 授课日期 ‎××年××月××日 ‎ 时 间 A / B / C / D / E / F段 主 题 阅读拓展训练之英美文化 教学内容 本次课的重点、难点，需要掌握的方法技巧 ‎1.‎ ‎2.‎ ‎3.‎ 此环节设计时间在15分钟。‎ 教学建议： ‎ 此部分采用竞赛问答的形式，看到谁能在最短的时间内给出正确的答案。旨在帮助学生进一步了解西方文化尤其是宗教信仰方面的知识。 ‎ ‎1. In which country, people are all religious believers?‎ A. Nepal B. The Vatican C. Russia D. Thailand ‎2. The most important Holy Land of Islamism is .‎ A. Jerusalem B. Mekka C. Bagdad D. Istanbul ‎3. Which religion is originated in China?‎ A. Buddhism B. Taoism C. Christianity D. Islamism ‎4. What is the symbol of Christianity?‎ A. B. C. D. ‎ ‎5. What is the symbol of the Judaism?‎ A. B. C. D. ‎ ‎6. Which of the religions is not one of the branches of Christianity?‎ ‎ A. Protestantism B. Catholic ‎ C. Eastern Orthodox Church D. Voodoo ‎7. Who do the Muslim believe in?‎ ‎ A. Zeus B. Allah C. Jesus D. Buddha ‎8. Which of the following is the cradle of Islam?‎ A. India B. Africa C. Arab D. Tibet ‎9. Which book do Muslims follow？‎ A. Quran B. Bible C. Scripture D. Holy Book ‎10. Which of the following is the food that Jews don’t eat?‎ ‎ A. beef B. lemon C. pork D. vegetable 此环节教案预期时间60分钟 知识点1：考点概述 近年来，高考阅读理解的选材涉及英美国家概况、风土人情等内容的较多。这类题材的阅读材料不仅可以考查学生对英语语言的理解、运用，还可以考查学生对西方文化的理解，藉此提高学生的跨文化交际意识与能力，充分体现高中英语课程标准的教学目标与要求，所以此类题材必然受到命题者的青睐。为此，我们将相关的阅读理解题按不同主题进行梳理分类，为大家作分析介绍。 ‎ 知识点2：专题介绍 翻阅近几年的高考阅读理解题，我们会发现有关英美国概况、风土人情的介绍是一个热点题材，如：2004湖南卷的A篇；2004浙江卷的C篇；2005全国卷III 的A篇； 2007重庆卷的C篇；2007上海卷的C篇。2006湖南卷有四篇文章都是对美国风土人情的介绍（A篇是对一本美国畅销书的推介；B篇是对美国人读书习惯的调查和看法；C篇是对美国丛林狼的简介；E篇介绍的是美国女作家Susan Sontag）。2008年高考阅读理解美国风情题材的文章有两篇和美国科罗拉多大峡谷有关，还有一篇介绍威斯康辛州的景点的应用文。近几年来，反映英国风土人情的高考阅读理解文章主要有: 2007山东卷的B篇；2007上海卷的D篇。2008年高考反映英国风土人情的阅读理解更是内容丰富，异彩纷呈，如：全国卷II的 B篇介绍了英国女王伊丽莎白二世半个世纪以来的口音变化；四川卷的B篇谈论英国家庭主妇的巨大作用和贡献；天津卷的B篇则是对具有英国特色的慈善商店的介绍。2014年上海高三一模虽然四选一阅读查考英美文化的不多，如长宁区C篇考察了美国总统选举流程但是几个区在close中考察，比如虹口区静安区等。由此可见命题者高度关注美国题材的倾向。 ‎ 知识点3：应考策略 ‎1. 平时要多阅读介绍美国风情的英语材料，了解和熟悉一些基本的背景知识。另外，要特别关注美国的民权运动、特殊节日（如万圣节、感恩节等）、南北战争、经济大萧条、“9• 11”等背景知识。虽然很多高考阅读材料并不直接体现以上内容，但却常以这些历史文化知识为背景。 2．在阅读某一主题时，应积极运用平日积累的背景知识，充分发掘与本主题相关的信息，以便快速进入相应的阅读语境中。 3．通过平时阅读，了解中西文化的不同，以及由此产生的思维方式、行为方式的不同，以利于准确把握阅读信息，提高做题准确率。‎ ‎（一）‎ 来源：2014年四级阅读理解 问题速答：（为了训练学生快速提取信息的能力，让学生扫读文章，快速找出问题的答案，一般在学生读文章之前给到学生问题）‎ ‎1、Questions:‎ ‎1). Why Hollywood is now in a business it does not want to be in?‎ ‎2). Why the studio is under stress? In what way is it different from other business?‎ ‎2、Complete the summary of the passage:‎ Hollywood is on the 1 of nervous breakdown. It was struck by theater-chain 2 , burdened with 3 corporate profit, requirements, 4 of producing 5 creative movies. Most insiders allege that both ends of the business have disease. The annual box-office revenue increases because of the 6 ticket prices. The number of actual tickets sold has 7 for the second year in a row. In the last five years 8 theaters has set up. Given the limited audience base, eight major chains have gone 9 bankruptcy and several others are in 10 11 .‎ KEYS:‎ ‎1、1). Because nowadays movies are getting bigger and more costly and less interesting and fulfilling to an audience.‎ ‎2). They have to increase profit for their corporate parents and profit margins are hard to control in a business whose products are seen as impulse buys. Other business can increase profits by cutting costs — buying cheaper material, but Hollywood can’t.‎ ‎2、1. edge 2. bankruptcies 3. unreasonable 4 .incapable 5. consistently 6. increased 7. declined8. 10, 000 9 . into 10 . financial 11. Straits Hollywood Has Disquiet On The Set ‎ Hollywood is on the edge of a nervous breakdown. Worried about an industry wide writers strike, struck by a series of theater-chain bankruptcies, burdened with unreasonable corporate profit, requirements and seemingly incapable of producing consistently creative movies, the American film industry is in an intensive period of soul-searching. There's little doubt it will survive this crisis. But most insiders agree there is disease at both ends of the business—where films are conceived, and where they're shown — that may take years to overcome.‎ ‎ While boasting annual box-office revenue increases for nine straight years, largely due to increased ticket prices, the number of actual tickets sold has declined for the second year in a row. The construction boom has added nearly 10, 000 theaters ( more than 200, 000 more seats) in the last five years. But due to a static audience base, eight major chains have gone into bankruptcy and several others are in dreadful financial straits.‎ ‎ In effect, insiders say, Hollywood is now in a business it does not want to be in. "There's general problem in that the companies that have the most consistent output of material are least interested in what they're making, "says former 20th Century Fox CEO Bill. And, Bill adds, "We're in a period where movies are getting bigger and more costly and less interesting and fulfilling to an audience. "‎ ‎ Today the studios are under the stress to increase profit margins for their corporate parents, and profit margins are hard to control in a business whose products are seen as impulse buys. Other business can increase profits by cutting costs — buying cheaper material, or making the candy bar smaller . Not Hollywood.‎ ‎ "What we're cutting is risk, "says the head of one major studio, who asked not to be named ,"And risk is what great film has always demanded. " While the studios are avoiding risky concepts, their rivals in the home entertainment business have been furiously expanding the boundaries of the imagination. It was this pressure — in electronic games, the Internet, EVDs— that forced the movie theater chains into a self-destructive frenzy of expansion.‎ ‎ Seduced by easy access to loans during the go-go economy of the mid to late 1990s, the chains plunged into debt in a feverish effort to be first on the block with the biggest 158theatres. In five years, the number of U. S. screens expanded from 27, 000 to more than 37, 000 ." It's going to take three or four years for the complete recovery of the business, "says Kurt Hall, president of the United Artists Theater Circuit. "It will take that long to get the number of screens down to a healthy level. The closer we get to 30, 000 the better off we'll be. "‎ 生词学习：‎ entertainment [entə'teinmənt]‎ n. 娱乐 fulfill [fulˈfil]‎ vt.履行（诺言等），执行（命令等），达到（目的），使结束 construction [kən'strʌkʃən]‎ n. 建设，建造，结构，构造，建筑物 margin [ˈmɑ:dʒin]‎ n.边缘，范围，极限，利润，盈余，（版心外）的空白 vt.留边 pressure ['preʃə]‎ n. 压力，压强，压迫 v. 施压 rival [ˈraivəl，ˈraɪvl]‎ n.对手，竞争者 vt.与……竞争，比得上某人 survive [sə'vaiv]‎ vt. 比 ... 活得长，幸免于难，艰难度过 furiously [ˈfjʊərɪəslɪ]‎ adv.狂怒地，狂暴地，猛烈地，其势汹汹，怒冲冲 recovery [ri'kʌvəri]‎ n. 恢复，复原，痊愈 destructive [disˈtrʌktiv]‎ adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的，有害的 costly ['kɔstli]‎ adj. 昂贵的，代价高的 frenzy [ˈfrɛnzi]‎ n . 狂热；狂暴；狂怒 v . 使狂怒 expanding [iks'pændiŋ]‎ 扩展的，扩充的 disquiet [dis'kwaiət]‎ vt. 使不安，使担心 n. 担心，焦虑 incapable [in'keipəbl]‎ adj. 无能力的，不胜任的 limited ['limitid]‎ adj. 有限的，被限制的 intensive [inˈtensiv]‎ adj.加强的，强烈的，[农]精耕细作的 decline [diˈklain]‎ n.下降；vi.（道路、物体等）下倾，（太阳）落下，（在品格、价值上）降低 长难句学习：‎ ‎1、Worried about an industry wide writers strike, struck by a series of theater-chain bankruptcies, burdened with unreasonable corporate profit, requirements and seemingly incapable of producing consistently creative movies, the American film industry is in an intensive period of soul-searching.‎ 解析：句子的主干是the American film industry is in an intensive period of soul-searching.其他部分是原因的状语。句子实际意思为：美国的电影业受到来自各方面的困扰: 担心业内作家的全面罢工; 面临一系列剧院的连锁破产; 承担合伙人不合理的利润要求; 无法不断地制作有创意的片子。‎ ‎2、But most insiders agree there is disease at both ends of the business—where films are conceived, and where they're shown — that may take years to overcome.‎ 解析：划线的that指代的是both ends of the business，而两个破折号是解释作用，建议在读阅读的时候碰到类似的东西可以省略，当然破折号类似的符号在完型中是用来做推理的。‎ ‎3、While boasting annual box-office revenue increases for nine straight years, largely due to increased ticket prices, the number of actual tickets sold has declined for the second year in a row.‎ 解析：划线部分完整的应该是While （it is ）boasting annual box-office revenue increases for nine straight years，在英语中如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，而且从句谓语动词是be的相关形式，从句主语谓语可以一起省略用非谓语。‎ ‎4、There's general problem in that the companies （that have the most consistent output of material ）are least interested in what they're making.‎ 解析：第一个that放在介词后面引导宾语从句，而第二个that是引导定语从句，括号括起来的部分 是company的定语从句。句子翻译：电影业内有一个通病, 那些拍片最多的公司, 对自己的片子最没兴趣。‎ ‎5、Seduced（引诱） by easy access to loans during the go-go economy of the mid to late 1990s, the chains plunged into debt in a feverish effort to be first on the block with the biggest 158theatres.‎ 解析：Seduced是非谓语，逻辑主语是the chains，是被动关系，表示因果，直接用一般形态，所以用过去分词即可。 go-go：摇摆舞的， 无节制的， 乱窜的，go-go economy在此指代泡沫经济。‎ ‎（二）‎ 来源：2014年四级阅读理解 问题速答： ‎ Questions:‎ ‎1. What is the true flag of Scotland? When did it begin to take on again?‎ ‎2. Describe the environment of the northern regions of Scotland with the words in the article or the words of your own.‎ KEYS:‎ ‎1. Tartan is the true flag of Scotland. Over the last few decades it began to take on again.‎ ‎2. beautiful / unspoiled / ( natural) / ( wild)‎ Experiencing Scotland ‎ Scotland is a unique and austere place, laden with history, where you can find aristocratic palaces and castles, as well as the traditional parade in national costumes. It has some of the most beautiful cities in Europe, a living testimony of a proud and splendid past.‎ ‎ In order to see the true soul of Scotland today, what forged the character of this splendid region, we have to go towards the northern regions, to the Grampia Mountains.Beautiful（格兰扁群山） and unspoiled, it was difficult to farm. The Scots subdued the environment with simple spades and strong arms.‎ ‎ The history of this ancient struggle, and its people's ancient love affair with the hard land, is enclosed within the walls of the Angus Folk Museum（安格斯民俗博物馆）. You are able to get a feel of the typical rural atmosphere of times past from the everyday artifacts displayed here .‎ ‎ From coastal Aberdeen（阿伯丁） in towards the interior of the Grampian Mountains there runs the Castle Trail（古堡之路）, a road that touches on many fortresses, which are witness of continual revolts against the dominion of neighboring England in Scottish history.‎ ‎ Perhaps the most uplifting moment for Scottish autonomy is the one experienced inside this ancient abbey of Arbroath, where, in 1320; the Declaration of Independence （《独立宣言》）was celebrated, at the instigation of King Robert the Bruce. He carried out the plan for autonomy drawn up by the great popular hero William Wallace, to whom cinema has dedicated the wonderful film" Brave Heart", the winner of five Oscars.‎ ‎ Glamis Castle（格拉母斯城堡） is often remembered for being the residence of King Macbeth and Queen ElizabethⅡin her childhood. Among the most assiduous guests here are the inevitable ghosts, created by ancient popular beliefs.‎ ‎ The true flag of Scotland is tartan, its brightly colored plaid patterns which are used to distinguish the various clans. Over the last few decades this fabric has made a comeback and is part of the daily life of this country.‎ ‎ 练习题：‎ True or False:‎ ‎1. Southern regions best represent the true soul of Scotland.‎ ‎2. Glamis Castle is often remembered for being residence of King Macbeth and Queen Elizabeth.‎ ‎3. The fortresses along the Castle Trail witness the struggle against England.‎ ‎4. Northern part is futile and easy to farm.‎ KEYS: 1. F 2. T 3 . T 4 . F 生词学习：‎ rural ['ru:rəl]‎ adj. 农村的 celebrated ['selibreitid]‎ adj. 著名的，声誉卓著的 residence ['rezidəns]‎ n. 住处，住宅，居住 autonomy [ɔ:'tɔnəmi]‎ n. 自治，自治权，自主 unspoiled ['ʌn'spɔild]‎ adj. 未损坏的，未宠坏的 dedicated ['dedi.keitid]‎ adj. 专注的，献身的，专用的 flag [flæg]‎ n.旗帜，信号旗 vt. (以旗子)标出 fabric ['fæbrik]‎ n. 织物，结构，构造 vt. 构筑 enclosed ‎ adj. 被附上的；与世隔绝的 v. 附上 austere [ɔsˈtiə]‎ adj.朴素的，严峻的，严厉的，苦行的，一丝不苟的 splendid [ˈsplendid]‎ adj.壮观的，极好的或令人满意的，为众人所推崇的 spade [speid]‎ n.铁锹，铲子，纸牌中的）黑桃 vt.铲 revolt [riˈvəult]‎ vt.（使）厌恶 vi.反叛，背叛 n.造反，起义 uplifting [ˌʌp'lɪftɪŋ]‎ adj.令人振奋的 instigation [ˌɪnstɪˈgeɪʃən]‎ n.煽动，教唆 assiduous [əˈsɪdʒu:əs]‎ adj.刻苦的，勤勉的，殷勤的，百折不挠的 inevitable [inˈevitəbl]‎ adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 distinguish ‎ [disˈtiŋɡwiʃ]‎ vi.区分，辨别，分清，辨别是非 vt.区分，辨别 ‎（三）‎ 来源：2014年四级阅读理解 问题速答：‎ Question：‎ Which reason below Can Not explain why feng shui is so popular in US?‎ A. The United States is truly an open society.‎ B. The emergence of China as a potential world political and economic superpower.‎ C. Feng shui as an effective counterweight to materialism.‎ D. The dogged efforts of a handful of Chinese feng shui experts.‎ E. Feng shui’s theory and practice becoming easy.‎ KEY: E Americans Looking To Chinese Culture ‎ To Enrich Their Life, the latest Chinese cultural icon to make its impact there is feng shui, ‎ China's ancient art of placement. In my recent trip to California, virtually all leading book stores ‎ and public libraries were well-stocked with plenty of publications __________ this highly esoteric subject.‎ ‎ Why do Americans take to feng shui like fish to water? It __________(owe) its early ‎ success to the dogged efforts of a handful of Chinese feng shui experts. But from around 1990 ‎ onwards, numerous feng shui schools have sprung up in large American cities__________( include)San Francisco, New York, Chicago, Boston and Houston. Their enrolments have risen by leaps and bounds.‎ ‎ Its adherents find its commonsensible approach to daily living an effective counterweight tomaterialism, and helps them to reduce the intrusion of technology into their lives. With its emphasis on achieving balance and harmony and peace and tranquility at home and at work, this time-honoured art relaxes their minds and helps them overcome stresses and strains of modern living. They firmly believe that once their mental and physical well-being are in equilibrium, then good health, work efficiency and prosperity __________( come) their way naturally.‎ ‎ A conspicuous manifestation of feng shui is through the proliferation of miniature fountains strategically placed in the homes, offices, shops, restaurants and at other public places. This is __________water attracts the all-important life -sustaining qi, or energy. The soothing rhythm of running water gently beating down on pebbles or bamboos __________ uplift one’s spirits as it symbolizes a vital source of life .‎ ‎ Underpinning the growing popularity of Chinese things is the emergence of China as a potential world political and economic superpower. This coincided with __________ reopening up to the outside world which has enabled an increasing number of Americans to travel there in order to experience at first hand the splendours of this venerable civilization.‎ ‎ Added to this, the thriving Chinese communities in many American urban centres and their reputation as a model minority have aroused further their interests in this distant land, which is so vastly different from theirs.‎ ‎ One of the palpable strengths of the United States is that it is truly an open society. This makes it easier for it to absorb cultural values and practices from __________ countries and to nurture them so that they become part of the social fabric of its own multiethnic and multicultural community.‎ KEYS:‎ on owed including will come because can its other 百科全书：‎ ‎1、很多英美人士都会说一句"long time no see ( 很久不见)", 这种逐字将汉语变成英语的句子在英语中不多。汉语更多的是以词汇的方式进入英语, 如: ketch-up ( 番茄酱; 取的是粤方言"茄汁”的发音) ; typhoon ( 台风) ; tofu ( 豆腐这个用法有时比bean curd 更为英美人士所接受) 。‎ ‎2、第一手。second-hand ( 第二手的, 旧的, 用过的) ; second-hand books ( 二手书) 。‎ ‎（一）‎ 来源：2014上海虹口区高三一模 ‎ ‎ To understand how Americans think about things, it is necessary to understand “the point”. Americans mention it often “Let’s get right to the point”, they will say “My point is …” “What’s the point of all this?”‎ ‎ The “point” is the _____51_____ or piece of information that Americans suppose is, or should be, _____52_____ of people’s thinking, writings, and spoken comments. Speakers and writers are supposed to ”make their points clear”, _____53_____ that they are supposed to say or write clearly the idea or piece of information they wish to _____54_____.‎ ‎ People from many other cultures have different ideas about the _____55_____. Africans traditionally tell stories that express the _____56_____ they have in mind, rather than stating out “the point” clearly. Japanese traditionally speak _____57_____, leaving the listener to _____58_____ what the point is. _____59_____, while an American might say to a friend, “I don’t think that coat goes very well with the rest of your outfit”, a Japanese might say, “Maybe another coat would look even _____60_____ than the one you have on.” Americans _____61_____ a person who “gets right to the point”. Japanese are likely to consider such a person lacking thoughtfulness and sympathy if not _____62_____.‎ ‎ The Chinese and Japanese languages are characterized by vagueness and ambiguity(模棱两可). The precision and directness Americans associate with “the point” cannot be _____63_____, at least not with any grace, in Chinese and Japanese. Speakers of those languages thus have to _____64_____ a new way of reasoning and expressing their ideas _____65_____ they are going to communicate satisfactorily with Americans.‎ ‎51. A. word B. idea C. place D. time ‎52. A. at the center B. on the basis C. on the part D. beyond the reach ‎53. A. thinking B. explaining C. meaning D. stating ‎54. A. discuss B. remember C. express D. criticize ‎55. A. point B. information C. reasons D. feelings ‎56. A. comments B. meanings C. secret D. thought ‎57. A. frankly B. indirectly C. reluctantly D. truly ‎58. A. figure out B. search for C. make up D. look over ‎59. A. Otherwise B. However C. Moreover D. Thus ‎60. A. tighter B. better C. thicker D. longer ‎61. A. value B. forgive C. punish D. insult ‎62. A. sensitive B. foolish C. rude D. loyal ‎63. A. corrected B. achieved C. changed D. explained ‎64. A. learn B. consider C. suggest D. decide ‎65. A. although B. because C. until D. if KEYS：51~55：BACCA 56~60：DBADB 61~65：ACBAD 此环节教案预期时间20（练题）+15（互动讲解）分钟。‎ 本单元综合检测，TR根据学生的薄弱点进行选题，题量控制在20分钟；‎ ‎1. 针对学生不同的水平，选题时难易程度上要有区分；‎ ‎2. 根据实际情况，通过竞赛的互动方式进行，并给予学生相应的鼓励与表扬 英美文化类写作：‎ 批注：由于高中之前学生不涉及到这一模块的写作，顾可以布置一项作业，让学生课下回去查阅资料，关于中西文化差异，下一节课课前用5-10分钟用英文阐述自己对中西文化差异的看法。这是学生自主学习的表现，也锻炼了学生的口语。‎ 参考资料 社交上 1. In the United States, with the first meeting of the person on the address him by name, or a descendant of the older generation can also be the case. In China, this kind of behavior has often been considered not respect each other's performance. ‎ ‎2. In the United States, they often will not talk about each other's wages and age. This is the information about each other's privacy act, think it is not respect each other; and our country the contrary, age is often used as a greetings to the nature of language, and if the relationship between the near point, you can talk about the job such as wages. ‎ ‎3. It is a very common practice we Chinese people say "Have you had your meal?" when they meet each other around the time before or after meals. In fact, it is a kind of greeting to communicate with each other. But foreigners cannot understand why you ask me this. They tend to think you want to invite me to dinner or I am not rich enough to feed myself regularly but that is my business not yours. ‎ 饮食习俗 Generally speaking, we Chinese think food is very important to man. People often associate food with important holidays and the chance to meet distinguished guests. The Chinese have the food culture of our own which are quite different from westerners. In the west, people pay more attention to the nutrition of food rather than the looks of it. The cuisine and table manners are quite different from ours in a great extent. ‎ ‎1. In China, we prefer noodles, rice, dumplings as the main course. We like to taste a lot of delicious dishes together, rather than eat with individual plates. we like chatting and laughing when we are eating, and we think it’s warm and ‎ happy to eat this way; but in west countries, people like eating hamburgers, chips, pizza, pasta as their main course, and they eat with separate plates. ‎ ‎2. Very often it puzzles foreigners a lot that we ask and talk so much when we order our food in the restaurant. The reason is that sometimes the food is very simple but the name is very obscure. For example, one of the dishes is called "Ants Climbing the Trees." But the food is simple potato noodles and bits of meat in it. It has beautiful good names so that you have a good imagination and association to let you have a good appetite. while most of western food has a simple and clear name and you know what it is when you hear the name. For instance, there is a traditional food call "fish and chips" in the UK. You see it is very obvious it is fried fish and potato chips. ‎ ‎3. Generally speaking, we don't use much tableware when we have our meal in China. Mainly we have bowl, dishes, chopsticks and spoons. In serving English meals, they use so much tableware with different kinds and sizes. ‎ ‎4.Western cuisine: strictly-followed recipe, ingredients of precise quantity Chinese cuisine: casual mixing of ingredients intuitive acquisition of the skill through repeated practice ‎ 价值观念 1. Traditional values are the core of culture in each nation. In contrast with the West discreteness, the Chinese people advocate collectivism-oriented. For many years, the Han people form a strong sense to uphold the opposition to individualism-oriented. Individualism, that is from a personal point that is “for their own interests, disregarding others”. ‎ ‎2. Chinese traditional culture advocates the absolute right coming from superiors. So far, the respect for elders and obedience to superior authority are still exist in the idea of the most Chinese people. However, to the degree of recognition and acceptance to the rights, there are great difference between Chinese and American; they trust their own judgments, not easily accept other people's ideas, especially the official view. They value the authority of the fact. ‎ ‎3. Western culture is adventurous and exploration based. Westerners like to discover new things, invention and expand outwards. ‎ 宗教信仰 Religious culture in America and its culture occupies an important position. In America, the religious culture could be easily found in the majority of literary works. Americans believe in religion, believe in God. For them, the supremacy of God beyond everything and God is the creator and the ruler of everything in the universe. Chinese people also have their own religion. During the several-thousand-years history of China, waves of religious culture have been accompanied in language, customs and psychology. Some Chinese people believe in Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, and even Catholic and Protestant. However, the status and role of religious culture in the eyes of the Chinese people are unable to be compared with the religious consciousness of Americans. As long as you understand Western social life, it is easy to find that, whether Europeans or Americans, religion is not only with their lives, but also tightly linked with people's emotions. Moreover, the church in the America has become the spiritual pillar so that people spend a lot of time go to church to do worship every week. ‎ 民族习惯 ‎ Differences in national habits manifested in many ways. Chinese people often use the title “Lao”; the people a little more respected for the status are even called “Zhao Lao”, “Zhang Lao”. Chinese people generally do not address ‎ the elders by name, address them by name was considered as not self-cultivation and impolite. Coming to seniority in the family, it even cannot be tolerated; and Westerners call at the other way, Westerners would never be willing to say “Lao”. They all like to address each other by name, even between a descendant and the older generation. What’s more, when the Westerners see a visitor out, they never go out, and the Chinese people, in order to express polite, will always be very far out, and would like to say, “Take care!” ‎ 此环节设计时间在10分钟内 ‎（以学生自我总结为主，TR根据教案中的总结进行引导为辅，为本次课做一个总结回顾；总结方式可以多种多样，如画思维导图、默想回忆、抢答形式等。教案中给到重难点/易错点等的总结条目。）‎ ‎1. ‎ ‎2.‎ ‎3.‎ ‎1. 包含预习下次课单词与短语和复习本次课内容两部分； ‎ ‎2. 建议作业量不宜过多，最好控制在学生30分钟内能够完成；‎ 每节新课前教师对作业进行批改与讲解；‎ ‎（五）‎ 来源：2010年高考阅读理解 ‎ Despite the fact that it has never been seen，almost everyone is familiar with the legendary unicorn (独角兽). Descriptions of unicorns have been found dating from ancient times. The great philosopher Aristotle theorized that there were two types of unicorn — the so-called Indian Ass and the Oryx, a kind of antelope. Unicorns are often used in the logo of a noble family, town council or university as their special sign. Even Scotland is represented by a unicorn. According to the legend, anyone attempting to catch a unicorn had to be extremely cautious as it has a reputation for being very fierce. A clever trick suggested by unicorn-trappers, in order to catch this magnificent beast without ‎ being hurt by its horn, was for the hunter to stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it as the unicorn charged. Hopefully, the creature could then be captured when its horn was stuck in the tree. When hollowed out and used as a drinking-cup, the unicorn’s horn was said to have the power to offer protection against poison. It was believed that nobody could be harmed by drinking the contents of a unicorn’s horn. Right up until the French Revolution in 1789, the French court was said to have used cups made of “unicorn” horn in order to protect the king. In addition, the horn was said to have medicinal value, so much so that it could be sold for more than ten times the price of the same weight of gold. What, then, was “unicorn” horn? We know at times the rhino (犀牛) was confused with this legendary creature. A drinking--cup supposedly made of “unicorn” horn was discovered to be made of the horn of a rhino.‎ 练习题： 1. Which of the following is TRUE of the unicorn? A. It was not historically recorded. B. Its horn was first used in France. C. It was similar to the Indian Ass and the Oryx. D. It could be the symbol of a university. 2. To catch a unicorn, the unicorn-trappers had to try all of the following EXCEPT _____. A. tempting the unicorn to attack B. making use of the tree as a protection C. hiding quickly behind the unicorn D. having the unicorn horn stuck in the tree 3. The last paragraph is mainly about _____. A. the properties of the unicorn horn B. the users of the unicorn horn C. the price of the unicorn horn D. the comparison between the unicorn horn and the rhino horn 4. In the last paragraph, the word “unicorn” is in quotation marks (引号) because _____. A. the cup is designed only for a royal family B. the unicorn does not exist in reality C. the unicorn is the rarest animal in the world D. the medicinal value of the horn is appreciated 文章解析: 本文介绍的是独角兽。在西方文化中，独角兽是一种与中华文化中的龙具有相似地位的东西，也就是说独角兽在西方文化中就是一种图腾。在西方,有关独角兽的传说可谓源远流长。如果我们了解这一中西方文化差异的话，这篇文章就很好理解了。 从结构上看，本文层次分明，脉络清楚。第一段是有关独角兽的总体介绍，主要谈及传说中独角兽的种类以及它的象征作用。第二段主要谈论降服独角兽的技巧。第三段主要介绍传说中独角兽的角的用途。 答案解析：‎ ‎1. D。第一段中提到独角兽经常被用在贵族家族、市议会和大学的形象标识中。故选D。 2. C。由第二段中的... stand in front of a tree and then to move quickly behind it ...可知it指代的是前面的tree,而不是unicorn。故选项C不符合文中事实。 3. A。第三段整段内容都在谈论独角兽的角，诸如传说中它的魔力以及药用价值等。故选A。 4.‎ ‎ B。第三段中的最后一个句子提到传说中的所谓用独角兽的角做成的酒杯其实是用犀牛的角做的，暗示独角兽在现实中根本不存在，因此，unicorn加引号表否定。故选B。‎ 来源：2014年上海静安区高三一模 ‎ You’ve now heard it so many times; you can probably repeat it in your sleep. President Obama will no doubt __51__the point publicly when he gets to Beijing: the Chinese need to __52__more; they need—believe it or not—to become more like Americans, for the sake of the global economy.‎ ‎ And it’s all true. __53__the other side of that equation is that the U.S.‎ needs to save more. For the moment, American households actually are doing so. After the personal-savings rate __54__to zero in 2005, the shock of the economic __55__last year prompted people to snap __56__their wallets. In China, the household-savings rate exceeds 20%. It is partly for policy__57__. As we’ve seen, wage earners are expected to __58__not only their children but their aging parents. And there is, to date, only the flimsiest (脆弱的) of publicly-funded health care and pension systems, which increases incentives for individuals to save __59__they are working. But China is a society that has __60__esteemed personal financial prudence (谨慎). There is no __61__that will change anytime soon, even if the government creates a better social safety net and successfully encourages greater consumer spending.‎ ‎ Why does the U.S. need to learn a little frugality (节俭)？Because healthy savings rates are one of the surest indicators of a country’s long-term financial health. High savings lead, over time, to increased investment, which in turn generates productivity gains, __62__and job growth. __63__, savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest.‎ ‎ The U.S. government thus needs to act as well. By running __64__deficits, it is dis-saving, even as households save more. Peter Orszag, Obama’s Budget Director, __65__called the U.S.‎ budget deficits unsustainable and he’s right. To date, the U.S.‎ has seemed unable to see the consequences of spending so much more than is taken in. That needs to change. ‎ ‎51. A. play B. take C. make D. give ‎52. A. concern B. process C. promote D. consume ‎53. A. But B. Therefore C. However D. Furthermore ‎54. A. drained B. dipped C. discounted D. dissolved ‎55. A. issues B. crisis C. troubles D. questions ‎56. A. cut B. put C. shut D. get ‎57. A. reasons B. situations C. areas D. zones ‎58. A. take off B. break out C. make up D. care for ‎59. A. unless B. before C. after D. while ‎60. A. long B. short C. good D. bad ‎61. A. doubt B. wonder C. chance D. problem ‎62. A. condition B. action C. innovation D. location ‎63. A. In general B. In short C. In addition D. In a sense ‎64. A. significant B. constant C. conscious D. stable ‎65. A. occasionally B. consequently C. recently D. accidentally ‎ KEYS: 51—65 CDABB CADDA CCBBC ‎（七）‎ 来源：2011年四级快速阅读 批注：文章较长，但是不难，时间可以控制在10-15分钟。‎ British Cuisine: the Best of Old and New ‎ British cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old and new.‎ ‎ Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say.‎ ‎ "The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston BlumenthaPs molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish.‎ ‎ "It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.‎ ‎ There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the War, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations (配给).‎ ‎ "As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes ‎ says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."‎ ‎ They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritization of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.‎ ‎ Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.‎ ‎ With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."‎ ‎ Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes (菜谱) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes.‎ ‎ Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards (牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."‎ ‎ Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."‎ ‎ These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance (原产地). "Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."‎ ‎ However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients.‎ ‎ "We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."‎ ‎ The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets.‎ ‎ "We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."‎ ‎ Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.‎ ‎ Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Britishness of their cuisine.‎ ‎ At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dishes to the table and offer individual plates for each diner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.‎ ‎ This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries (烤肉馆), Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on a Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."‎ ‎ Some British traditions are too sacred (神圣的) to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."‎ 练习题：‎ ‎1. What is British food generally known for?‎ A) Its unique flavour. C) Its special cooking methods.‎ B) Its bad taste. D) Its organic ingredients.‎ ‎2. The Second World War led to in Britain.‎ A) an inadequate supply of food C) an increase in food import B) a decrease of grain production D) a change in people's eating habits ‎3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighbouring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?‎ A) Its food lacked variety. C) It was short of well-trained chefs.‎ B) Its people cared more for quantity. D) It didn't have flavourful food ingredients.‎ ‎4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of .‎ A) most young people C) all kinds of overseas visitors A) elderly British diners D) upper-class customers ‎5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?‎ A) Authentic classic cuisine. C) New ideas and presentations.‎ B) Locally produced ingredients. D) The return of home-style dishes.‎ ‎6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should .‎ A) benefit people's health C) be offered at reasonable prices B) look beautiful and inviting D) maintain British traditional tastes ‎7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?‎ A) They appeal to people from all over the world.‎ B) They are produced on excellent organic farms.‎ C) They are processed in a scientific way.‎ D) They come in a great variety.‎ 8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from _______.‎ 9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ______.‎ 10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to _______.‎ KEYS:‎ ‎1. B. Its bad taste 2. A. an inadequate supply of production 3. B. Its people cared more for quantity 4. C. all kinds of overseas visitors 5. C. New ideas and presentations 6. D. maintain British traditional tastes 7. B. They are produced on excellent organic farms 8. the local markets 9. in a British way 10. share their meals