2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Thewrittenword学案牛津译林版选修8

2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit1Thewrittenword学案牛津译林版选修8

Unit 1 The written word ‎[学生用书P203]‎ 一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意 ‎1．fiction n． 小说；虚构的事 ‎2．abuse vt. 虐待；辱骂；滥用 ‎3．civil adj. 有教养的，有礼貌的；国民的，‎ ‎ 平民的；公民的；民事的(非刑事的)‎ ‎4．bent adj. 弯曲的；驼背的；不诚实的 n. 天赋，爱好 ‎5．millionaire n. 百万富翁 ‎6．spit vt.& vi. 吐唾沫(表示愤怒或鄙视)；吐，唾(唾沫、食物等)‎ n. 唾液 ‎7．wrap vt. 包，裹；围，缠绕 ‎8．adore vt. 热爱，喜爱，爱慕 ‎9．spring vi. 突然出现；跳，蹦 ‎10．characteristic n. 特征，特点 adj. 典型的，独特的，特有的 Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．desperate adj. 铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望 的；非常需要，渴望 ‎2．vain adj. 虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，‎ 无结果的 ‎3．theme n. 主题，主题思想；主题音乐 ‎4．envelope n. 信封 ‎5．rescue n．& vt. 救援，营救 ‎6．reputation n. 名誉，名声 ‎7．reform vt.& vi.& n．　(使)改过自新，改造；改革，改良 ‎8．debt n. 债务，欠款 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．poetry n．诗歌→poet n．诗人 28‎ ‎2．novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说 ‎3．criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯罪的，犯法的；刑法的，刑事的→crime n．罪行，犯罪行为 ‎4．tension n．紧张气氛；紧张，烦躁；矛盾，对立→tense adj.令人紧张的；神经紧张的；绷紧的 ‎5．violent adj.暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的→violence n．暴力，暴行→violently adv.强烈地，激烈地 ‎6．resist vi.& vt.反抗，抵制，抵挡→resistant adj.有抵抗力的→resistance n．反抗，抵抗，抗拒 ‎7．reunite vt.& vi.(使)重逢，再相聚；(使)再结合，再联合→unite vi.& vt.联合，团结，统一，联手→united adj.联合的，统一的→unity n．团结一致，联合(体)，统一(体)‎ ‎8．intend vt.& vi.打算，计划，想要→intention n．意图，目的，打算 ‎9．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的→generously adv.慷慨地；大方地→generosity n．慷慨，大方；宽宏大量 ‎1.“主题”公园 ‎①theme　　　　②subject ‎③issue ④topic ‎2．“信”相关词集合 ‎①envelope n. 信封 ‎②stamp n. 邮票 ‎③address vt. 写姓名地址 ‎④post v. 寄出，邮寄 ‎⑤mailbox n. 邮箱 ‎⑥letter n. 书信 ‎⑦post office 邮局 ‎3.debt用法展示 ‎①be in heavy debt＝be deep in debt　　　　　　 　负债累累 ‎②in debt to sb.＝in sb.’s debt ‎ 欠某人的人情/债 ‎③be/get out of debt ‎ 摆脱债务 ‎④get into debt 负债 ‎⑤pay off debt 还清债务 ‎⑥owe sb. a debt 欠某人一笔债 ‎4.“个性描述”常用形容词 ‎①generous　　　大方的，慷慨的 ‎②mean 小气的；吝啬的 ‎③warmhearted 热心肠的 ‎④easygoing 脾气温和的 ‎⑤gentle 温和的，温柔的 ‎⑥selfless 无私的 ‎⑦honest 诚实的 ‎⑧stubborn 固执的 ‎⑨openminded 虚心的；思想开明的 ‎⑩cruel 残酷的；残忍的 ‎(二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．be_bent_on_(doing)_something　决心做某事(通常指坏事)‎ ‎2．on_the_run 躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波 ‎3．live_up_to 达到，符合(期望)‎ 28‎ ‎4．worn_out 破烂不堪的，废旧的；精疲力尽的 ‎5．come_to_one’s_rescue 救援某人，帮助某人 ‎6．touch_on 谈及，涉及 ‎7．be_intended_to_be/do_something 目的是作为某物，目的是做某事 ‎8．in_tune 音调准确；演奏合调 ‎9．give_away 泄露；出卖；分发 ‎10．focus...on... 把……集中在……‎ ‎11．let_out 　放大；泄露；发出 ‎12．pick_up 捡起；获得；学会 ‎13．come_out 出版，发行 ‎14．at_a_time 每次 ‎15．(be)_based_on 以……为基础 ‎16．be_set_in 以……为背景 ‎17．have_nothing_to_do_with 与……没关系 ‎18．under_the_control_of 在……控制下 ‎19．compare...to... 把……比作……‎ ‎20．appeal_to 吸引；呼吁 ‎21．consist_of 由……组成 ‎22．be_adapted_from 由……改编 ‎1.“be＋adj.＋on”短语荟萃 ‎①be dependent on　依赖于 ‎②be keen on 热衷于 ‎③be tough on 严格对待 ‎④be bent on 决心……‎ ‎⑤be based on 以……为基础 ‎⑥be hard on 对……苛刻 ‎⑦be impressed on ‎ ‎2.“v.＋on”短语集锦 ‎①touch on　　　涉及 ‎②take on 雇用；呈现；承担 ‎③put on 上演；穿上 ‎④hold on 不挂断电话 ‎⑤focus on 专注于 ‎⑥concentrate on 专注于 ‎⑦act on 对……起作用 ‎3.“控制，掌管”家族 ‎①in control of　　 控制，掌管 ‎②take control of 控制，掌控 ‎③in charge of 掌管，控制 ‎④in the charge of 由……掌管 ‎⑤under the control of 28‎ 对……印象深刻 ‎⑧depend on 取决于 ‎ 在……控制下 ‎(三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 This makes_them_difficult for some people to read, so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.‎ 对有些人来说，读经典作品是困难的，因此它们经常被搁置在书架上积满了灰尘。‎ 句型2：would rather do...than do...宁愿做……也不愿做……‎ Pip’s sister often abuses him，but Joe is a kind and simple man who would_rather_die_than_see any harm come to Pip.‎ 皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔是个善良、淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。‎ 句型3：can’t...too...越……越好，再……也不过分 A student can’t read too many books.‎ 学生读的书越多越好。‎ 句型4：“get＋过去分词”是被动结构或系表结构 Oliver gets_arrested by the police and is taken to court.‎ 奥利弗遭到警察逮捕并被送上法庭。‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 ‎1．(2018·北京卷)A rescue(救援) worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.‎ ‎2．Our company has a good reputation(名誉), solid strength and good aftersales service.‎ ‎3．Caroline tore the envelope(信封) open to see what was inside.‎ ‎4．I need to pay off all my debts(债务) before I leave the country.‎ ‎5．The next morning, I received a call from the mother, saying that they couldn’t express how much my generous(慷慨的) act touched them.‎ 28‎ ‎6．If the package is wrapped(wrap) well, we usually assume the contents are also wonderful.‎ ‎7．The survivors in the earthquake desperately(desperate) needed medical help, food and water.‎ ‎8．The economic structure and policies established at that time should be reformed(reform)．‎ ‎9．This program was set up with an intention(intend) of providing help to homeless people.‎ ‎10．As a national treasure and a protected species, pandas are adored(adore) by people everywhere.‎ Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The two groups fought violently and many of them died, so the media were swift to condemn the violence．(violent)‎ ‎2．Young people can improve their resistant skills by resisting negative peer pressure and dangerous situations.(resist)‎ ‎3．Sun Zhiwei, a poet from Shanxi Province in the early Qing Dynasty, creates a great deal of excellent poetry/poem works.(poem)‎ ‎4．People are generous to others in trouble, and they donate a lot of money to the victims in the fire generously．Their generosity moved us greatly.(generous)‎ Ⅲ.选词成篇 on the run; be bent on; touch on; in tune; worn out Mr. White is my uncle living in the countryside. When he was a child, he had a gift for music and always sang 1.in_tune. But his family was poor and most of his clothes were 2.worn_out. He couldn’t afford the fee and he dropped out of school. When 3.touching_on his dream, he said he would 4.be_bent_on earning much money to build a school in the village. Now, he is always 5.on_the_run every day, calling on all the villagers to work together to build a school for the children.‎ appeal to; be adapted from; be based on; come to one’s rescue; consist of; be set in The film 6.is_adapted_from a famous novel which 7.is_based_on a true story. It 8.is_set_in African jungle and 9.appeals_to many people all over the world. The film is about a medical team 10.consisting_of three doctors, who 11.came_to Tom’s rescue. Tom was lost in the jungle on the way to an adventure. At last, Tom was rescued successfully.‎ 28‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．每天散步成了我的习惯。‎ I make_it_a_rule_to_go_for_a_walk every day.‎ ‎2．我宁愿待在家里看点书，也不愿意和他们去购物。‎ I would_rather_do_some_reading at home than_go_shopping with them.‎ ‎3．由于阅读技巧很重要，你越关注它越好。‎ You can’t_pay_too_much_attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.‎ ‎4．如果你不花那么多时间穿衣服，我们现在已经到那里了。‎ If you hadn’t taken such a long time to_get_dressed,_we would be there now.‎ ‎[学生用书P206]‎ ‎ desperate　adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要，渴望 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(广东卷)The only reason a man would sell salt at a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.‎ ‎②The unattended children are in desperate need of love and attention.‎ ‎③The girl cut the rope desperately (desperate) in an attempt to free her feet.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④我决定不在约翰走投无路的时候抛弃他。‎ I decided not to abandon John when he was in_such_a_desperate_position．‎ ‎(1)be desperate for sth. 渴望某物 be desperate to do sth. 渴望做某事 in desperate need of 非常需要 ‎(2)desperately adv. 极其，非常 ‎(3)desperation n. 绝望；铤而走险 in desperation 拼死，无可奈何地，不顾死活地 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] He was so desperate for a job that he would do anything.‎ 他太想找份工作了，以至于什么事情都愿意做。‎ ‎ vain 　adj.虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的 28‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎①我已经非常努力地想找到这个问题的解决方法，但是白费力气。‎ I have tried very hard to find_a_solution_to_the_problem，but_in_vain．‎ ‎②他试图按时完成任务，但没有成功。‎ He made a_vain_attempt/effort to finish the task on time.‎ ‎③我们的力量是如此微弱，以至于我们从地震中挽救家园的所有努力都白费了。‎ Our power was so weak that all our efforts to save our homes from the earthquake were in_vain．‎ ‎(1)a vain attempt/effort　 徒劳的尝试/努力 in vain 徒劳地；无意义地 try in vain to do sth. 枉费心机地试图做某事 ‎(2)vainly adv.　 徒劳地；不成功地；白费力地 ‎ ‎[联想发散] 类似in vain的短语还有：‎ ‎①in case以防万一；②in peace和平地；‎ ‎③in particular特别地；④in place在正确的位置；‎ ‎⑤in return作为报答；⑥in time及时．‎ ‎ resist　v．抗拒；对抗；反抗；抵抗；忍住(一般用于否定式)‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①The new clothes in that shop are so beautiful that Anna cannot resist taking(take) a close look at them, although she cannot afford them at present.‎ ‎②a.(2017·北京卷)The resistance(resist) to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk.‎ b．Many young girls aren’t resistant(resist) to some delicious food, so they become fat.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 购物时，人们常常忍不住买一些根本不需要的东西。‎ ‎③When shopping, people often can’t_resist_buying something they don’t really need.(resist)‎ ‎④When shopping, people often can’t_help_buying something they don’t really need.(help)‎ ‎(1)resist doing sth.　　 反对做某事 can’t resist doing sth.＝can’t help doing sth.‎ 28‎ ‎ 无法抗拒做某事；‎ ‎ 忍不住做某事 ‎(2)resistant adj. 有抵抗力的；反抗的，‎ ‎ 抗拒的 resistance n. 抵抗；反对　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] We should resist the temptation of junk food.‎ 我们应该抵制垃圾食品的诱惑。‎ ‎[名师点津] resist表示“忍住”时，常与表示否定意义的can’t/can hardly/be not able to 连用；resist 后接v.ing形式作宾语，不接不定式。‎ ‎ rescue　n．& vi.& vt.救援，营救 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team was_rescued (rescue) four days later.‎ ‎②Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③要不是那个年轻人相救，落水的孩子早就没命了。‎ The child who fell into the river would have died if the young man hadn’t come_to_his_rescue．‎ ‎(1)rescue sb./sth.from　　　 从……拯救……‎ ‎(2)come/go to sb.’s rescue 前来/去救某人 rescue workers 救援人员　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ①You rescued me from an embarrassing situation.　我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。‎ ‎②“Never for a second did I doubt that my father would come to my rescue，” the boy said.‎ 这个男孩说：“我从没怀疑过我父亲会来救我。”‎ ‎ intend　v．想要；打算；计划 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①I intended to_compare(compare) notes with a friend, but unfortunately he couldn’t spare me even one minute.‎ ‎②We are happy to see that many laws intended(intend) for protecting the young kids from the bad effect of the Internet have been made.‎ 28‎ ‎③(陕西卷)Several companies have announced their intention(intend) to compete for the construction project.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎④(普通表达)The program was set up and it was_intended_to(目的是) help the homeless.‎ ‎⑤(高级表达)The program, intended_to_help_the_homeless,_was set up.(过去分词短语作定语)‎ ‎⑥(高级表达) The program was set up with_the_intention_of_helping_the_homeless．(intention )‎ ‎(1)intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事 intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 ‎(2)be intended for... 为……打算(或设计)的 be intended to do... 目的是做……‎ ‎(3)had intended to do sth.本打算做某事但没有做成 ‎(4)intention n. 意图；目的；打算 with an/the intention of 打算……‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] I intend to take full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need.‎ 我打算充分利用这次旅行来购买我们所需的物品。‎ ‎[名师点津] intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示一件本来打算做而实际上没有做的事或者表示过去未曾实现的设想或愿望， 含有某种惋惜之意。‎ ‎ be bent on (doing) sth.　决心做某事(通常指坏事)；一心想要做某事 ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 上学期，我期中考试得的分数很低，我决心相信自己并且设法做出改变。‎ ‎①Last term，after getting a low score in the middle exam, I was_bent_on_believing_in myself, and I tried to change.‎ ‎②Last term，after getting a low score in the middle exam, I made_up_my_mind_to_believe_in myself，and I tried to change.‎ ‎③Last term，after getting a low score in the middle exam，I decided/determined/was_determined_to_believe_in myself，and I tried to change.‎ 28‎ ‎(1)be determined to do sth.　　　 决心做某事 decide/determine to do sth. 决心做某事 make up one’s mind to do sth. 决心做某事 ‎(2)bend one’s mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] They must be able to get absorbed in their subjects and is bent on doing it well.‎ 他们一定能够全身心地研究他们的课题并有决心把课题研究好。‎ ‎ live up to　达到，符合(期望)；不辜负；遵守(诺言)‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎①(陕西卷)我保证我一定不会辜负你的期望。‎ I am sure that I can perfectly live_up_to_your_expectations．‎ ‎②我虽然不以疼痛为乐，但还可以忍受。‎ I don’t enjoy the pain，but I can live_with it.‎ ‎③他们在大学里过着忙碌而又丰富多彩的生活。‎ They live_a_busy_and_colorful_life on the campus.‎ live on　　　　　　 以……为生；继续存在 live out 活过；实践；实现；住在外面 live with 忍受，容忍 live through 经历艰难或险境而幸存 live a．..life 过着……的生活　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Had she lived up to her promise, she would have been admitted to Beijing University.‎ 要是她遵守了她的诺言，她会被北京大学录取了。‎ ‎ make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ‎(教材P2)This makes them difficult for some people to read, so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.‎ 对有些人来说，读经典作品是困难的，因此它们经常被搁置在书架上积满了灰尘。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①He makes it a rule to_get (get) up at six every day.‎ ‎②The boss made us work (work) for him 16 hours a day.‎ ‎③The teacher made it known (know) that the meeting would take place next 28‎ ‎ week.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。‎ ‎④Mastering the technology makes_it_possible_for_us_to_use_the_Internet more effectively.(不定式作宾语)‎ ‎⑤Mastering the technology makes_it_possible_that_we_can_use_the_Internet more effectively.(从句作宾语)‎ 句中使用了“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构。该句型中，宾语补足语主要由名词、形容词、介词、动词不定式和过去分词等充当。‎ ‎(1)“make＋宾语＋do”变为被动语态时do前要带to。‎ ‎(2)用作宾语补足语的是表示官衔、职位的名词时，名词前不加冠词。‎ ‎(3)make＋it＋宾语补足语(形容词或名词)＋从句或动词不定式中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是从句或动词不定式。　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ‎ He couldn’t make himself heard because of the noise of the traffic.‎ 因车辆噪音太大，他无法让人听到他的声音。‎ ‎ would rather do sth. than do sth.宁愿做某事也不愿做某事 ‎(教材P3)Pip’s sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.‎ 皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔是个善良、淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①—What about going shopping this weekend?‎ ‎—I’d rather not. I would rather stay(stay) at home. ‎ ‎②a.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ) I would rather you brought(bring) an appropriate gift when visiting your Chinese friend. ‎ b．I’d rather you had_gone(go) to the party yesterday—it was so wonderful. ‎ ‎[能力提升]——同义句改写 Nowadays some teenagers would rather chat with strangers online than talk with their parents face to face.‎ ‎③Nowadays some teenagers would_chat_with_strangers_online_rather_than_talk with their parents face to face.(would...rather than ...)‎ ‎④Nowadays some teenagers ‎ 28‎ prefer_to_chat_with_strangers_online_rather_than_talk with their parents face to face.(prefer...rather than...)‎ ‎(1)would rather(not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事 ‎(2)would rather do sth. than do sth. (＝would do sth. rather than do sth.＝prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.)宁愿做某事而不愿做某事　 ‎ ‎(3)would rather后接从句时，从句的谓语动词应用虚拟语气：‎ ‎①would rather sb./sth. did sth. (对现在或将来的虚拟)‎ ‎②would rather sb./sth. had done sth. (对过去的虚拟)‎ ‎[佳句背诵] I would rather stare at a clear, starfilled sky than watch TV commercials.　我宁可凝视繁星满天的晴朗夜空也不愿看电视广告。‎ ‎[名师点津] (1)使用would rather...than...句型时要注意平行结构，即than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个介词短语等。‎ ‎(2)牢记would rather后跟从句要用虚拟语气。‎ ‎[学生用书P209]‎ 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．Seeing your picture，I couldn’t resist thinking (think) of the days which we spent together.‎ ‎2．Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to relieve tension (tense) and stress.‎ ‎3．I would rather he had_told (tell) me about the fact at that time.‎ ‎4．She hurriedly dived from the bridge and rescued(rescue) the drowning child.‎ ‎5．Since you can’t make the class understand what you say in English, you can make yourself understood in Chinese.(understand)‎ 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词 ‎1．There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was bent on visiting all of them.‎ ‎2．I was worn out after a day of shopping and soon fell asleep.‎ ‎3．He stressed that students should live up to certain standards of behaviour.‎ ‎4．The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm.‎ 28‎ ‎5．The TV serial is adapted from the wellknown novel with the same title.‎ 维度三　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)‎ ‎1．(2019·江苏卷)Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics.特征 ‎2．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue team to look for them.营救 ‎3．The rich man went abroad with the intention of trying his fortune, while the poor man intended to learn some skills of earning money.意图__打算 ‎4．Unfortunately, historic American fiction is constantly being used as a stick to beat contemporary British writers with.小说 ‎5．They’d been married for nearly four years and they were desperate to have a baby.渴望 维度四　易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)‎ ‎1．Some glasses got breaking when we were moving house.breaking→broken ‎2．Let me now deal more fully with the important question that was touched earlier.在touched后加on ‎3．Paul doesn’t have to be made learn. He always works hard.在learn前加to ‎4．All the efforts he made were in a vain.__删除a ‎5．I won’t buy a new pair of shoes for you until this pair wears out.wears→is_worn ‎6．You’d better seize this opportunity realizing your dream.realizing→to_realize ‎7．I intended to help him, but I was too busy at that moment.在第一个I后加had或help→have_helped ‎8．Judging from what he said and did, we can conclude that he was desperate of fame.of→for 维度五　完成句子 ‎1．现在越来越多的人对剪纸感兴趣。‎ Nowadays, more and more people are_getting_interested_in papercutting.‎ ‎2．Harry正要离开，这时他注意到一个人跑出了房子。‎ Harry was on the point of leaving when_he_noticed_a_man_running out of the room.‎ ‎3．如果你这样做，你将名誉扫地并且失去所有的朋友。‎ If you do so, you_will__lose_your_reputation_and_all_your_friends．‎ ‎4．如果大家愿意互相配合，难事也会变得容易。‎ 28‎ A difficult task can_be_made_easier if people will work in with one another.‎ ‎5．他不喜欢人们满嘴食物地讲话。‎ He dislikes_it when people speak with their mouths full of food.‎ 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)‎ Tom is a bookworm and he likes reading poetry, dramas and fictions especially 1.written(write) by famous novelists and authors. But he doesn’t like soap operas. Sometimes, he reads some novels containing criminal plots and chapters with tension. His aim is to be a 2.painter(paint) and a millionaire. He adores his father, 3.who is generous and kind of rigid sometimes. His father has 4.a good reputation. He is civil and always 5.lives(live) up to his promise. He is bent on 6.giving(give) some clothes and money to people in 7.rags(rag) and people in debt because of poverty. He resists 8.dealing(deal) with things with violence and is never afraid of criminal’s threat. When someone is in a dangerous situation, he is always ready to come to his rescue. When he touches on his future aims, he 9.is_intended(intend) to do more things for the whole society. People all believe that his efforts and kindness will not be 10.in vain.‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)‎ ‎①Mr. Black，一位声望很高的小说家，写了很多小说和诗歌。‎ Mr. Black，a novelist of_high_reputation，has written a_lot_of_fiction_and_poetry．‎ ‎②他的一些作品是肥皂剧，而一些作品涉及那些整天忙忙碌碌的人的生活。‎ Some of his works are soap operas while others touch_on_the_life_of_people. They are on_the_run every day.‎ ‎③作品的主题多是以抵制暴力、对他人慷慨有礼貌、不对未来绝望、积极改革为基础。‎ The theme of his works is_based_on_resisting_violence，being generous and civil to others，not being_desperate_for the future and reforming_actively．‎ ‎④他的作品给人以全新的感觉，使读者都非常喜爱它们。‎ His works give people a_brand_new_feeling，making_readers_adore_them．‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑤用定语从句升级句②‎ Some_of_his_works_are_soap_operas_while_others_touch_on_the_life_of_people_‎ 28‎ who_are_on_the_run_every_day.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：generally speaking, all in all)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Mr. Black, a novelist of high reputation, has written a lot of fiction and poetry.Some of his works are soap operas while others touch on the life of people who are on the run every day.‎ Generally speaking, the theme of his works is based on resisting violence, being generous and civil to others, not being desperate for the future and reforming actively.All in all，his works give people a brand new feeling, making readers adore them.‎ 课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 ‎[学生用书P391(单独成册)]‎ 阅读理解 A ‎(2020·芜湖高三月考)‎ I realized something this morning. I have been writing now for 34 years. It all started when I was just 18 years old. As a boy I had read literally hundreds of books. I had a thirst for knowledge that seemingly could never fade. Then suddenly I found I had something I wanted to share. I tried to ignore it, but as any writer tells you once the ideas awaken inside of you they won’t leave you alone until you write them down. I didn’t have a computer, word processor, or even a typewriter. Still, I grabbed a pen and lined notebook paper and wrote everything that was burning inside 28‎ ‎ of me.‎ When I was done I didn’t know how to share it. There was no Internet back then, no smart phones, and no social media. I sought out the editor of my local county newspaper and asked him to print what I had written. He was a good man full of both wisdom and kindness. He not only printed my first story but agreed to publish anything else I was willing to write. I continued to write new articles each week and shared them first with other local papers and later online as well. Years later at the urging of my readers I even selfpublished two collections of my stories in book form.‎ Through my writing I slowly became more than I was. In my writings I encountered my highest self. In my writings I discovered the goodness and light that lie in us all. In my writings I found great love and joy and encouraged others to choose love and joy as well. I also found that we all are writers whether we put pen to paper or not. With every choice we make, with every thought we hold, and with everything we do, we are writing our own life story.‎ Lance Wubbels once wrote：“I hope you realize your life is truly your life. It belongs to you. It is your story to write with love. Day by day, line by line, write it well.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己从热爱阅读到成为一名作家的经历。从这个过程中，作者认识到了写作的意义，并感悟到人生就像写作，每个人都要用心书写自己的人生故事。‎ ‎1．As a boy, when the author found he had something to share, ________．‎ A．he wrote it down B．he ignored it C．he shared it on social media D．he told it to a writer A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Then suddenly I found I had something I wanted to share. I tried to ignore it...wrote everything that was burning inside of me.”可知，作者一开始想忽略内心的想法，但是后来还是写了下来。故选A。‎ ‎2．How did the author begin his writing career?‎ A．He was hired as a newspaper editor.‎ B．He put his stories online by himself.‎ C．He selfpublished two books.‎ D．He was helped by a local newspaper editor.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I sought out the editor of my local county 28‎ ‎ newspaper and asked him to print what I had written.” 及“He not only printed my first story but agreed to publish anything else I was willing to write.”可知，作者是在当地报纸的一位编辑的帮助下开始了自己的写作事业。故选D。‎ ‎3．What does the author think of writing?‎ A．Writing takes practice and efforts.‎ B．Writing can benefit oneself and others.‎ C．Writing helps people tell right from wrong.‎ D．Only with a pen can one write his life story.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In my writings I encountered my highest self. In my writings I discovered the goodness and light that lie in us all. In my writings I found great love and joy and encouraged others to choose love and joy as well.”可知，作者在自己的作品中，遇到了最好的自己，发现了所有的人身上都有的善良和光明，还找到了伟大的爱和欢乐，并鼓励别人也选择爱和欢乐。由此可推知，作者认为写作利己利人。故选B。‎ ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．A Way to Be a Writer B．A Way to Share Ideas C．Living Is Writing D．Writing Is the Source of Love C　解析：标题归纳题。从全文的内容可知，作者讲述了自己从热爱阅读到成为一名作家的经历；再结合最后一段，作者引用了Lance Wubbels的名言表达自己对写作的感悟可知，从这个过程中，作者认识到写作的意义，并感悟到人生就像写作，每个人都要用心书写自己的人生故事。故选C。‎ B ‎(2020·重庆七校联考)J．K. Rowling frequently shows there is magic every day.Her Harry Potter series has helped people through times of stress and depression and she is always there to deliver wise words of encouragement.‎ She is one celebrity who is very active on Twitter. So when a single dad named Matt Burke sent her a message thanking her for the series, she noticed. Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9yearold daughter Bailey.‎ He included a link to his article titled Being a Broke Parent. He explained how he hadn’t found a level of financial stability that allowed him to pay bills on ‎ 28‎ time and take his daughter on more activities and events. The family also doesn’t have the Internet or TV, which means there’s no “digital babysitter” and he has to rely on his own creative ways to bond with his daughter. Since he received the series, the main thing that has occupied them these days is reading books together.‎ Burke admits that he thought he was “too cool” for the books when they first came out and he was in his twenties, but he’s loving reading them now. “We switch off chapter by chapter reading them out loud，” Burke explains. “This not only allows her to get more used to reading aloud in front of someone, but it gets me directly involved in something she loves, and it gives me the chance to be very dramatic when I read my chapters and bring myself into the characters in the book, which has proven to be a ton of fun.”‎ After hearing Burke’s story, Rowling said how honored she was when Harry Potter was a part of his family’s life and offered Burke more books. Besides, people are also offering to send Burke more books as gifts. For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了英国著名作家J.K. Rowling的作品对一个单亲家庭的影响。‎ ‎5．Why did Burke thank J．K.Rowling according to the text?‎ A．She guided him how to write a good story.‎ B．She encouraged him when he was in trouble.‎ C．Her books helped him through times of confusion.‎ D．Her books helped him improve his bond with his daughter.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9yearold daughter Bailey.”可知，单身父亲Burke感谢J. K. Rowling是因为她的哈利·波特系列丛书帮助他改善了他与女儿之间的关系，故选D。‎ ‎6．What is implied in Burke’s words in Paragraph 4?‎ A．He has found it interesting to read the series.‎ B．He was too old to understand the series better.‎ C．He has chosen a better way of reading the series.‎ D．He hopes to play a role in the drama in the future.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据对第四段的整体理解，尤其是最后一句中的“which has proven to be a ton of fun”可推知，Burke认为朗读这些系列丛书很有趣，故选A。‎ ‎7．Which word can best describe Burke’s experience according to the text?‎ A．Unique.　　　　　　　 B．Normal.‎ 28‎ C．Precious. D．Funny.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures.”可推知，对Burke来讲，这种经历是非常珍贵的，故选C。‎ ‎8．What is the main idea of this text?‎ A．J.K.Rowling chooses to help improve kids’ health.‎ B．J.K.Rowling gives a magical gift to a single father.‎ C．J.K.Rowling has a deep influence on others’ growth.‎ D．Burke comes to know J．K.Rowling through her series.‎ B　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了著名作家J.K. Rowling的作品所具有的魅力——帮助一位单身父亲改善了与其女儿的关系，故选B。‎ 完形填空 ‎(2020·福建质量检查测试)Every year, the fifth graders at Brookstone Elementary School went on a field trip to Washington, D．C. Terence __1__ the exciting trip, and was __2__ to go the next year.‎ Terence asked his parents __3__ if they would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself. His parents __4__. He had almost a year to earn $150. His first __5__ was to earn money by babysitting, and he typed a nice letter __6__ that “he would babysit during his neighbors’ __7__”. He named a few afternoons available and said he would __8__ $1 per hour per child. After five babysitting __9__， he earned $45.‎ When the __10__ weather arrived, Terence knocked on his neighbors’ doors to ask if they needed help with __11__ work. He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens. After the summer was over, he earned $75. When the fall arrived, he counted his money and __12__ that he still needed $30 for his trip. Soon his mom saw a(n) __13__ for a job for him. He got a job __14__ newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper, $10 __15__ each Wednesday. It wasn’t long before he had __16__ money to go on the trip to Washington, D．C. He was __17__ in time. The class trip was on October 15. His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they __18__ him. What a great feeling! He helped __19__ the cost of his trip.‎ This experience __20__ Terence in many ways, making his dream a reality with great efforts.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。小学生Terence非常渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行，他希望自己挣一半旅费，另一半由父母资助。父母答应后，‎ 28‎ 他通过帮邻居照看小孩、修剪花园和给花园除杂草等工作攒够了钱。‎ ‎1．A.prepared for B．laid out C．referred to D．heard about D　解析：根据第一句可知，每年Terence所在学校的五年级学生都要去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；结合该句中的“to go the next year”可知，Terence应该是听说了(heard about)这个激动人心的旅行，就渴望(dying)来年也去。‎ ‎2．A.dying B．grateful C．lucky D．proud A　‎ ‎3．A.curiously B．casually C．anxiously D．briefly C　解析：根据上文可知，Terence渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；又结合语境可知，此处表示Terence急切地问他的父母是否愿意支付他一半的旅行费用。C项意为“急切地，渴望地”，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．A.submitted B．agreed C．bargained D．refused B　解析：根据下文可知，他有近一年的时间去挣150美元；又根据下文中的“His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they ______ him.”可知，他的父母同意(agreed)为他支付一半的旅行费用。‎ ‎5．A.idea B．job C．conclusion D．suggestion A　解析：根据该句中的“to earn money by babysitting” “typed a nice letter”并结合语境可知，他的第一个主意(idea)就是通过代人临时照看孩子来挣钱，并打印了一封信，信上说(saying)邻居不在(absence)时他可以帮他们照看孩子。‎ ‎6．A.declaring B．confirming C．showing D．saying D　‎ ‎7．A.stay B．company C．interaction D．absence D　‎ ‎8．A.pay B．spend C．charge D．donate C　解析：根据该句中的“$1 per hour per child”并结合语境可知，Terence帮邻居照看孩子的收费标准是每个孩子每小时一美元。C项意为“收费，开价”，故C项正确。‎ 28‎ ‎9．A.negotiations B．sessions C．attempts D．interviews B　解析：根据语境可知，在帮助邻居照看五次孩子后，他赚了45美元。B项意为“一段时间”，符合语境，故B项正确。‎ ‎10．A.warm B．fine C．unusual D．changeable A　解析：根据下文“He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens.”可知，该处指当温暖的(warm)天气来临时，他敲邻居们的门问是否需要帮忙做院子(yard)里的工作。‎ ‎11．A.yard B．paper C．school D．volunteer A　‎ ‎12．A.admitted B．determined C．complained D．insisted B　解析：根据该句中的“he still needed $30 for his trip”和语境可知，数过钱后，他算出还需要30美元。determine“准确算出”符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.directory B．permit C．advertisement D．email C　解析：根据下文中他开始送报纸，并结合语境和常识可知，很快他的妈妈看到一个广告(advertisement)，为他找到了一份工作。A项意为“名录，电话簿”；B项意为“许可证”。‎ ‎14．A.editing B．updating C．printing D．delivering D　解析：根据该句中的“newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper”可知，他得到了一份在每周三下午送(delivering)报纸的工作，每份报纸挣5美分，每周三总共(in total)挣10美元。‎ ‎15．A.at once B．on time C．after all D．in total D　‎ ‎16．A.extra B．much C．enough D．easy C　解析：根据上文描述的他还需要30美元和他每周三送报纸挣10美元可知，不久他就有足够的(enough)钱去华盛顿旅行了。‎ ‎17．A.just B．even C．ever D．still 28‎ A　解析：根据下文“The class trip was on October 15.”可推知，秋天时他赚够了钱，正好赶上旅行。A项意为“正好”，故A项正确。‎ ‎18．A.owed B．lent C．promised D．ordered C　解析：根据上文他的父母同意给他出一半的钱可知，此处表示他的父母给了之前向他承诺的150美元的支票。C项意为“承诺”，故C项正确。‎ ‎19．A.count B．cover C．estimate D．reduce B　解析：根据上文可知，他挣了150美元，他的父母又给他150美元，所以他攒够了足以支付自己旅行的费用。B项意为“足以支付，够付”，符合语境，故B项正确。‎ ‎20．A.astonished B．shaped C．excited D．impressed B　解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，这段经历在很多方面塑造了(shaped) Terence，他以巨大的努力使自己的梦想成为现实。‎ 课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五 ‎＋1篇语法填空 ‎[学生用书P393(单独成册)]‎ 阅读理解 A ‎(2020·安徽省示范高中模拟)Author Walter Dean Myers died at the age of 76 after a brief illness. Walter Dean Myers was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.‎ The prolific author was loved for his vivid description of the lives of African American children, and for writing books for young people that covered different subjects. “Myers has written about all those subjects with deep understanding and a hardwon, qualified sense of hope，” said Leonard S. Marcus in 2008.‎ He was born in 1937 and was adopted by Florence Dean and Herbert after his mother died while giving birth to his younger sister. They loved him very much and his mother read to him from a very young age. Reading pushed him to discover worlds beyond his landscape.‎ He began writing at an early age. He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing no matter what happened 28‎ ‎ to him. “It’s what you do，” she said.‎ He dropped out of high school at 17 and joined the army. After finishing his service, he entered a dark period in his life. Myers began writing at night to pull himself through that miserable time.‎ In an essay published in The New York Times earlier this year, Myers described how a short story by James Arthur Baldwin helped change the course of his life. “I didn’t love the story, but I was lifted by it，” he wrote, “for it took place in Harlem, and it was a story concerned with black people like those I knew. By humanizing the people who were like me, Baldwin’s story also humanized me. The story gave me a permission that I didn’t know I needed, the permission to write about my own landscape, my own map.”‎ ‎“I write books for the troubled boy I once was，” he wrote, “and for the boy who lives within me still.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国著名作家Walter Dean Myers的生平。‎ ‎1．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?‎ A．How popular Myers was.‎ B．How Myers became successful.‎ C．What makes Myers’ works popular.‎ D．What people think of Myers’ works.‎ C　解析：段落大意题。通读该段可知，该段首句“The prolific author...covered different subjects.”为该段主题句，结合该段其他内容可知，这位多产的作家因其对非裔美国儿童生活的生动描述，以及为年轻人写的涉及不同话题的书籍而深受喜爱。由此可知，该段主要介绍了他的作品受欢迎的原因，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．Who discovered Myers’ writing talent?‎ A．James Arthur Baldwin.‎ B．His mother.‎ C．Leonard S. Marcus.‎ D．One of his teachers.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing no matter what happened to him.”可知，他在高中时写作就很好，一位英语老师认识到这一点并建议他无论发生什么事都要坚持写下去。据此可知，他的写作天赋是他的一位老师发现的，故D项正确。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “prolific” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ 28‎ A．Productive.　　　　　 B．Unfortunate.‎ C．Conservative. D．Humorous.‎ A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Walter Dean Myers was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.”可知，Walter Dean Myers 写了100多本儿童和年轻人读物，并获得了许多最高奖项。由此可推知，他是一位多产的作家。productive意为“多产的”，故A项正确。B项意为“不幸的”，C项意为“守旧的”，D项意为“幽默的”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎4．Why was the short story by James Arthur Baldwin so important for Myers?‎ A．It helped him survive the dark period.‎ B．It inspired him to pursue his writing career.‎ C．He learned many writing techniques from it.‎ D．The author of the story permitted him to write.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“how a short story...the course of his life”以及最后一句“The story gave me a permission that I didn’t know I needed, the permission to write about my own landscape, my own map.”可知，Baldwin写的故事鼓励了Myers追求他自己的写作事业，故B项正确。‎ B ‎(2020·重庆质量抽测)Would a faster reading speed mean that we could learn more? Some people claim that it’s possible. In July last year, the sixtime speed reading champion Anne Jones sat down to read Harper Lee’s Go Set a Watchman. Just 25 minutes and 31 seconds later, she finished it—which equals a reading rate of around 3，700 words per minute. Jones runs training courses teaching speed reading, recall and concentration techniques and there are numerous speed reading apps that have appeared on the market over the past few years. But do they actually work?‎ First, we need to understand how we read. The human eye movement system is central to our reading ability. Read over that sentence again, and think about how your eyes scan across the words. They don’t move smoothly over them. Instead, they make a series of short, sharp jumps, skipping over a few characters before briefly landing on a word. The movements are known as saccades(扫视) and the pauses are called fixations.‎ Reading isn’t just about seeing the words—you need to comprehend them to build up a picture about what the text means. People are able to get through a block of text faster, but at the cost of accuracy and understanding. In other words, if you 28‎ ‎ use a speed reading app, then you’ll probably get the gist(主旨) of a piece of text, but you’ll struggle to recall details about what you’ve just read.‎ So, does speed reading work? Well, yes and no. It really depends on what you’re reading and why you need to read it. As yet, there isn’t a trick that enables you to read a piece of text both quickly and accurately—there’s always going to be a tradeoff．‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了快速阅读有一定作用。虽然快速阅读能掌握文章的主旨，但是回忆细节还需要时间。‎ ‎5．What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Speed reading is bad at times.‎ B．Speed reading is a waste of time.‎ C．Speed reading can work sometimes.‎ D．Speed reading is always enjoyable.‎ C　解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段尾句“But do they actually work？”可知，本文第一段对快速阅读是否有用提出疑问；接着第二段介绍了阅读能力与眼睛运动系统有关，结合第三段尾句可知，使用速读应用程序你很可能掌握主旨大意，但是文章细节不一定能掌握。据此可推知，快速阅读有时是有用的，故C项正确。‎ ‎6．What can we know from the passage?‎ A．Reading apps ensure us to read much faster.‎ B．Fast reading makes us learn more knowledge.‎ C．Reading is no more than seeing the text words.‎ D．Reading ability is related to the eye movement system.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The human eye movement system is central to our reading ability.”可知，人的眼睛运动系统对我们的阅读能力很重要，故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “tradeoff” most probably mean in the last paragraph?‎ A．Balance.　　　　　　　 B．Change.‎ C．Business. D．Bargain.‎ A　解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段尾句“As yet, there isn’t a trick that enables you to read a piece of text both quickly and accurately—there’s always going to be a tradeoff．”可知，到目前为止，还没有一种技巧可以让你既快速又准确地阅读一篇文章——这总要一种平衡。据此可推知，画线词意为“平衡”，故A项正确。‎ ‎8．What might the writer continue to talk about?‎ A．The advantages of faster or slower reading.‎ 28‎ B．The reasons why to do faster or slower reading.‎ C．The cases where to do faster and slower reading.‎ D．The methods for making use of faster or slower reading.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段尾句“As yet, there isn’t a trick that enables you to read a piece of text both quickly and accurately—there’s always going to be a tradeoff．”可知，到目前为止，还没有一种技巧可以让你既快速又准确地阅读一篇文章——这总要一种平衡；据此可推知，本文接下来可能阐述在什么情况下进行速读以及在什么情况下进行慢读，故C项正确。‎ 七选五 ‎(2020·陕西部分学校摸底检测) Learning to set goals plays an important role as your child starts to gain independence. However, setting goals doesn’t come naturally to your child, so helping him to learn the process should probably be one of your goals.‎ Explain the word “goal”. Your child may know what a goal is when it comes to soccer, but he may not understand what it means in everyday life. 1.________‎ Listen to your child. Ideally, you want your child to be able to decide for himself what his goals are. 2.________ Let him talk about what he thinks he does well and what he thinks he needs to improve. If he’s stuck, you can provide some examples of your own personal goals.‎ Help keep goals achievable. Don’t throw cold water on your child. 3.________ For example, if your child wants to be a champion swimmer, but can’t swim an entire lap of the pool yet, you can suggest he start by making that his first goal.‎ ‎4．________ Help your child write down his goals in an easytofollow form. Being able to see and check off the steps on the way to his goal is key in keeping him motivated. A really simple way is to have your child draw a ladder on a piece of paper, writing his goal at the top and each step to that goal on the rungs(梯级). 5.________‎ A．Change goals every so often.‎ B．Make a visual goal reminder.‎ C．Don’t always tell him what you think.‎ D．He’s climbing to the top as he gets closer to his goal.‎ E．You can take sports as an example to help explain it to him.‎ F．Once he has set up a goal, he may find it very difficult to achieve it.‎ G．When a goal is beyond his reach, help him break it down into smaller pieces.‎ 28‎ ‎【解题导语】　学会制定目标在孩子获得独立上起着重要的作用，本文给出了一些帮助孩子设定目标的建议。‎ ‎1．E　解析：根据本段标题和空前的“Your child may know what a goal is when it comes to soccer”可知，在孩子不知道目标在日常生活中意味着什么时，可以通过运动的例子来解释什么是目标。故选E。‎ ‎2．C　解析：根据本段标题和空前一句“Ideally, you want your child to be able to decide for himself what his goals are.”可知，要倾听孩子，让孩子决定他自己的目标是什么。故C项“不要总是告诉他你的想法”符合语境。‎ ‎3．G　解析：根据下文的例子“if your child wants to be a champion swimmer, but can’t swim an entire lap of the pool yet, you can suggest he start by making that his first goal”可知，当孩子的目标实现不了的时候，可以帮助他把目标分解成一些更小的目标来完成。故选G。‎ ‎4．B　解析：根据空处所在位置及文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题，再结合本段的内容可知，本段主要讲建立一个能够看得到的目标提醒物。故B项符合语境。‎ ‎5．D　解析：根据空前一句“A really simple way is to have your child draw a ladder on a piece of paper, writing his goal at the top and each step to that goal on the rungs(梯级)．”可知，当孩子爬到了顶点，也就接近了目标，故选D。‎ 语法填空 ‎(2020·重庆七校联考)Pollution takes away all the beauty of the beaches of Hawaii. I hate to go to the beaches on 1.____________(sun) weekends and see rubbish bags lying on the sand, cigarette butts(烟头) 2.____________ (bury) in the sand, and soda cans floating in the ocean.‎ One thing that really annoys me is that I see 3.____________(tour)who visit Hawaii leave their rubbish on the beaches. I was always taught after drinking soda to throw the can into the place 4.____________ it should stay—the trash can. Another thing that annoys me is that some people walk right by rubbish 5.____________ pretend that it’s not there.‎ The dogs or the fish are not blame 6.____________ it. It’s our fault and we must blame 7.____________ (we)．Everyone has to do his or her part 8.____________(solve) this problem. It can’t be difficult to do the job. There are a lot of things that we can do. First of all, we can help pick up rubbish along the beaches. We could also form organizations that help clean up our beaches. More 9.____________ (important), we need to start now before the beaches 10.____________(damage) beyond repair.‎ 28‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文主要讨论了海滩污染的问题。‎ ‎1．sunny　解析：考查词形转换。修饰名词一般用形容词，故用形容词sunny修饰其后的名词weekends。‎ ‎2．buried　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，bury和其逻辑主语cigarette butts 构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作宾语补足语。‎ ‎3．tourists　解析：考查词形转换。结合定语从句的关系词who可知，此处的先行词为表示人的名词，且定语从句中的谓语动词为复数，故用名词复数形式。‎ ‎4．where　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词the place，故填where。‎ ‎5．but　解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，空处前后存在逻辑上的转折关系，故用连词but。‎ ‎6．for　解析：考查介词。此处考查固定词组be to blame for sth.“对某事负有责任”，故用介词for。‎ ‎7．ourselves　解析：考查代词。与句子主语we呼应，此处应用反身代词ourselves作动词blame的宾语。‎ ‎8．to solve　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式，表目的。‎ ‎9．importantly　解析：考查副词。副词一般修饰形容词、副词、动词，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状语。故用副词importantly，修饰整个句子。‎ ‎10．are damaged　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，damage和主语the beaches之间是被动关系，根据该句中的“need”可知，此处叙述一般的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ 28‎