高考英语一轮复习精讲学案：选修6 Unit 4 Global warming

高考英语一轮复习精讲学案：选修6 Unit 4 Global warming

Unit 4 Global warming Ⅰ.重要单词聚焦 ‎1． vt.　　 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完 ‎2． adj. 胡乱的；任意的 ‎3． n. 现象 ‎4． n. 燃料 ‎5． n. 量；数量 ‎6． vi. 趋向；易于；照顾 ‎　 vt. 照顾；护理 consume random phenomenon fuel quantity tend ‎7． n. 资料；数据 ‎8． n. 趋势；倾向；走向 ‎9． n. 大灾难；浩劫 ‎10． vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 ‎11． adj. 反对的；独立的 ‎12． adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的 ‎13． n. 结果；后果；影响 ‎14． vt. 陈述；说明 ‎15． n. 种类；范围 ‎16． vi. 看一下；扫视 ‎　 　 n. 一瞥 data trend catastrophe oppose opposed mild consequence state range glance ‎17． adj. 平稳的；持续的；稳固的 ‎18． adj. 平均的 ‎19． n. 生存；存在 ‎20． vt. 拥护；提倡；主张 ‎21． adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的 ‎22． n. 环境；情况 ‎23． n. 贡献 ‎24． n. 分歧；不一致 steady average existence advocate casual circumstance contribution disagreement Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 ‎1．come 发生；造成 ‎2．subscribe 同意，赞成，订阅 ‎3．go 上升； 增长；升起 ‎4．be to 反对……‎ ‎5．keep 继续 ‎6． the whole 大体上；基本上 ‎7．on 平均来看 ‎　 average 低于/高于平均水平 ‎8．put with 忍受；容忍 about to up opposed on on average below/above up ‎9．and so 等等 ‎10． of 大量的 ‎11．result 导致 ‎12．even 甚至 ‎13．on of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人 ‎14．so as 只要 on quantities in if behalf long Ⅲ.课文原句突破 ‎1．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.‎ ‎[信息提取]　there’s no doubt that...意为“……是毫无疑问的”。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　毫无疑问，北京奥运会是一个巨大成功。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ ________Beijing Olympics was a great success.‎ ‎【答案】　There is no doubt that ‎2．Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.‎ ‎[信息提取]　even if即使；尽管，引导让步状语从句，与even though近义。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　即使受到邀请我也不去参加他的晚会。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ ________，I will not go to his party.‎ ‎【答案】　Even if I am invited ‎3．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off!‎ ‎[信息提取]　so long as＝as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　只要你有自信，你会获胜的。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，you’ll win.‎ ‎【答案】　So long as you have confidence in yourself ‎4．It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.‎ ‎[信息提取]　句中take作为“需要”讲，常用于It takes...to do...结构。‎ ‎[例句仿写]　要想成为一名长跑运动员，需要有体力和耐力。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________a longdistance runner.‎ ‎【答案】　It takes strength and patience to be quantity n．量；数量 ‎(1)in quantity (＝in large amounts)/in large quantities大量地 It’s a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity.‎ 如果你大量购买要便宜得多。‎ My brother bought a large quantity of books.‎ 我弟弟买了大量的书。‎ There are large quantities of rain in this area.‎ 这个地区的雨量很大。‎ Quantities of food and tents were sent to Wenchuan from Shandong.‎ 大量的食品和帐篷被从山东运到汶川。‎ a quantity of后同样可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。但当它作主语时谓语动词一般根据其所修饰的名词而定，而quantities of作主语时，不论其后的名词可数或不可数，谓语动词都用复数。‎ ‎1．(2009年福建卷)—Why does the lake smell terrible?‎ ‎—Because large quantities of water________.‎ A．have polluted　　　　 B．is being polluted C．has been polluted D．have been polluted ‎【解析】　句意为：——这湖水怎么这么难闻？——因为大量的水已经被污染了。本题考查时态、语态及主谓一致问题。water与pollute为被动关系，故排除A项；B表“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名词，谓语动词应与quantities保持一致，故排除C项，答案为D项。‎ ‎【答案】　D oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 ‎ (1)oppose sth./doing sth./sb.doing sth.‎ 反对某事/做某事/某人做某事 He opposed the proposal to build a new hall.‎ 他反对修建新礼堂的建议。‎ I oppose you/your going there alone.‎ 我反对你单独去那儿。‎ ‎(2)be opposed to...反对……；与……对立 She seems very much opposed to your going abroad.‎ 她好像很反对你出国。‎ To be honest，I am opposed to your plan.‎ 说实话，我反对你的计划。‎ average ‎(1)adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的 The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.‎ 这个班级男生的平均年龄为十五岁。‎ There is nothing special about him，he is very average.‎ 他没有什么特别的，他非常普通。‎ ‎(2)n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准 My school work is well above average.‎ 我的学习成绩远远高于平均水平。‎ On average men smoke more cigarettes than women.‎ 平均看来，男子比女子吸烟多。‎ ‎2．Don’t expect too much of him.After all，he is a child of________intelligence.‎ A．average B．slight C．strange D．different ‎【解析】　根据前句“不要对他期望太大”。可以推断，这个孩子智力水平一般。‎ ‎【答案】　A glance ‎(1)vi.看一下；扫视 He glanced over his shoulder nervously.他紧张地回头张望。‎ He glanced over the morning paper and went out.‎ 他匆匆地浏览了晨报然后出去了。‎ ‎(2)n.一瞥；匆匆一看 I could see at a glance that it wasn’t his own work.‎ 我一眼就看出这不是他本人的作品。‎ I took a glance at the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。‎ ‎3．After a quick________at the patient，the doctor rang for an ambulance.‎ A．glance B．glare C．gaze D．stare ‎【解析】　句意为：在看了病人一眼之后，医生打电话叫了救护车。glance扫视，匆匆一看，一瞥。‎ ‎【答案】　A circumstance环境；情况(常用复数)‎ In/Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.‎ 在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。‎ In/Under no circumstances should a baby be left alone in the house.无论如何都不能把婴儿独自留在家里。‎ Circumstances permitting，I’ll go abroad to study.‎ 情况允许的话，我要出国学习。‎ ‎4．Under no circumstances________to move to a new place far away from her workplace，because it isn’t convenient for her family and herself.‎ A．Karen will agree B．will Karen agree C．Karen will disagree D．will Karen disagree ‎【解析】　句意为：因为对于Karen和她的家庭来说搬到远离她的工作地点去住是太不方便，所以她决不同意搬家。题中因为under no circumstances(决不)这一否定短语开头，故此应用倒装结构，排除A、C。根据句意可以排除D选项。‎ ‎【答案】　B come about产生；发生；没有被动式，有时用it作形式主语，后面跟that引导的主语从句。‎ The driver wouldn’t tell me how the accident came about.‎ 司机就是不告诉我事故是怎么发生的。‎ I’ll never understand how it came about that you made such a mistake.我真不明白你居然犯了这么个错误。‎ 辨析：come about，happen，take place与break out ‎(1)come about 发生，产生，指要求解释或说明事情发生的理由。经常与how连用。‎ How did these differences come about?‎ 这些差别是怎样产生的？‎ ‎(2)happen 发生，常用词汇，指偶然的，意外的，具体客观事物的发生或出现，尤其指自发的未能预见的事情发生。‎ Luckily the earthquake didn’t happen in the center of the city.‎ 幸亏地震没有发生在市中心。‎ ‎(3)take place 发生，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非是偶然的，进而引申为按计划“进行，举行”。‎ Great changes have taken place in our school in the past few years.最近几年我们学校发生了很大变化。‎ ‎(4)break out指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然“发生、爆发”。‎ A fire broke out during the night.夜间突然发生了火灾。‎ ‎5．It’s already 10 o’clock.I wonder how it________that she was two hours late on such a short trip.‎ A．came over B．came out C．came about D．came up ‎【解析】　句意为“已经十点钟了。我不知道是怎么回事，这么短的路程她迟到了两个小时”。come over来访；come out出来，出版；come about发生，出现；come up出现，到来。‎ ‎【答案】　C result in导致，主语为起因，宾语为结果。‎ The accident resulted in two deaths.‎ 这场事故导致两人死亡。‎ Our efforts resulted in success.我们的努力终于成功了。‎ ‎(1)result from...由……造成；因……而产生 ‎(2)as a result结果 ‎(3)as a result of...由于……的结果 ‎(4)without result没有结果；白费 The terrible accident resulted from his carelessness.‎ 那桩可怕的意外事件因他的疏忽大意而引起。‎ He was late as a result of the rain.由于下雨他迟到了。‎ We tried hard，but without result.‎ 我们尽了很大努力，但白费了。‎ ‎6．Any damage________carelessness must be paid for by the borrower.‎ A．resulting from B．resulting in C．resulted from D．resulted in ‎【解析】　根据句子结构可排除C、D两项。句意为“由于疏忽所引起的任何损失应由借用者负责赔偿”。result in导致，致使；result from起因于。‎ ‎【答案】　A put up with意为“忍受；容忍”，既可接人，也可接事物。‎ I don’t know how his parents put up with his bad behaviour.‎ 我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的恶劣行为的。‎ She could hardly put up with that fellow any longer.‎ 她再也不能忍受那家伙。‎ I won’t put up with her rudeness any longer!‎ 我再也不会容忍她的粗鲁无理了。‎ stand，bear，tolerate忍受，容忍 He can’t stand being laughed at in public.‎ 他忍受不了在公众场合被嘲笑。‎ ‎7．I can________some noise while I’m studying，but I can’t stand very loud noise.‎ A．put up with B．get rid of C．have effects on D．keep away from ‎【答案】　A There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，而且全球转暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。‎ 在本句型中，that从句是同位语从句，表示doubt的内容。用法与there is a chance that...是一样的。‎ ‎(1)doubt作为名词，若用在否定句或疑问句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；若用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。注意此时不可以用if替换whether。‎ ‎(2)doubt作为动词，若用于否定句和疑问句中，后面接that引导的宾语从句；若用于肯定句中，后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句 。‎ ‎①There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.‎ 毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的。‎ ‎②There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication.‎ 毫无疑问，收音机和电视机是信息交流的重要方式。‎ ‎③I have no doubt that he will succeed.我相信他会成功的。‎ There’s some doubt whether/if he is fit for the job.‎ 他是否胜任这项工作有点疑问。‎ ‎④He doubts if she will keep her word.‎ 他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。‎ ‎⑤I don’t doubt/have no doubt that he will win the race.‎ 我不怀疑他将赢得比赛。‎ ‎8．Some researchers believe that there is no doubt________a cure for AIDS will be found.‎ A．which B．what C．that D．whether ‎【解析】　There is no doubt that...为固定搭配，意为“……是毫无疑问的”。‎ ‎【答案】　C It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！‎ ‎(1)so long as＝as long as “只要”引导条件状语从句。‎ You may borrow the book as long as/so long as you keep it clean.只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。‎ So long as/As long as you have confidence in yourself，you’ll win.只要你有自信，你会获胜的。‎ as long as只能用于肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定句又能用于否定句。‎ as long as还可意为“与……一样长，长达……”。‎ We need a rope as long as 30 metres.‎ 我们需要一条30米长的绳子。‎ ‎9．(2009年北京卷)You may use the room as you like________you clean it up afterwards.‎ A．so far as B．so long as C．in case D．even if ‎【解析】　句意为：你尽可随意使用这个房间，只要你过后打扫干净即可。so far as远到；就……而言；so long as只要；in case以防(万一)；even if即使。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎10．(2008年全国卷Ⅰ)—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?‎ ‎—I don’t mind where we go________there’s sun，sea and beach.‎ A．as if B．as long as C．now that D．in order that ‎【解析】　句意为：——暑假有什么打算？——去什么地方都行，只要有阳光、大海和沙滩就可以了。as long as只要，引导条件状语从句；as if好像；now that既然；in order that为了，不符合语境要求。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎11．(2008年安徽卷)—Do you have a minute？I’ve got something to tell you.‎ ‎—OK，________you make it short.‎ A．now that B．if only C．so long as D．every time ‎【解析】　句意为：——你有时间吗？我有事要给你说。——好的，只要长话短说。考查一组短语作连词的用法。now that既然；由于，引导原因状语从句；if only要是……就好了，用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；so long as只要，表示条件；every time每次；每当，表示时间。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎(2)if not在本句中是if you are not using it的省略形式 I think the train leaves at midday.You’d better take a taxi.If not，maybe you’ll miss it.‎ 我想火车是正午开，你最好打的去，否则可能会误车的。‎ Is anybody feeling cold？If not，let’s put the central heating off.‎ 有谁感到冷吗？如果没有，就把暖气关掉。‎ ‎(1)if so如果这样 Have you got a free evening next week？If so，let’s have dinner together.下周你哪个晚上没事？如果没有事，我们去吃饭吧。‎ ‎(2)if any若有 Point out errors，if any.若有错误，请指正。‎ ‎(3)if necessary如果有必要 Take this camera with you，if necessary.‎ 如果有必要，带上照相机去吧！‎ ‎12．(2008年安徽卷)—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?‎ ‎—Yes.________，I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.‎ A．If ever B．If busy C．If anything D．If possible ‎【解析】　句意为：“你为即将到来的假期做了特别安排吗？”“是的。有可能的话，我将去市里的几家老人院看看。”if ever 如果曾经，如：We see them very seldom，if ever.我们难得见到他们。if possible有可能的话。由句意可知D项正确。‎ ‎【答案】　D Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．There are large________(数量) of rain in the area of the country every summer.‎ ‎【答案】　quantities ‎2．Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into________(存在)．‎ ‎【答案】　existence ‎3．The________(数据) is still being analysed.So don’t be so worried.‎ ‎【答案】　data ‎4．The earthquake was a terrible________(大灾难)．‎ ‎【答案】　catastrophe ‎5．A rainbow is a natural________(现象) especially after a heavy rain.‎ ‎【答案】　phenomenon Ⅱ.情景交际 ‎1．—Whose advice do you think I should follow?‎ ‎—________‎ A．No problem. B．Come on!‎ C．It’s up to you. D．Well，that’s life.‎ ‎【解析】　考查交际用语。从题意不难看出符合本题语境的是It’s up to you，意思是“由你来决定”。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎2．—May I take your order now?‎ ‎—________.‎ A．No，I’m in trouble now B．Yes，we obey orders C．Yes，I’d like a dish of chicken D．No，do what you please ‎【解析】　考查交际用语。本题的关键是理解语境。“May I take your order now？”表示“现在请您点菜好吗”，显然选项C符合语境。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎3．—I’m too excited to say one word.‎ ‎—________.‎ A．A friend in need is a friend indeed B．The dream really comes true C．Out of sight，out of mind D．Think twice before you do ‎【解析】　考查交际用语。The dream really comes true意为“美梦成真”，符合语境。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎4．—At lunch time，I’d like to have a chat with you.‎ ‎—________Have what with me?‎ A．I apologize. B．Pardon?‎ C．I see. D．Forgive me.‎ ‎【解析】　考查交际用语。从下一句话Have what with me？可看出，这里表示没有听清楚，请求再说一遍，故选“Pardon？”。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎5．—Have you been wasting time on computer games again?‎ ‎—________.I’ve been studying a lot and I need a break.‎ A．No way B．Not really C．I don’t agree D．I couldn’t agree more ‎【解析】　考查交际用语。根据题中的“I’ve been studying a lot...”可知说话人并没有一直在玩游戏，因此选择Not really，在口语中相当于No。No way表示“没门”，用来拒绝对方的请求。C项与D项都是对方征求意见时的应答语。‎ ‎【答案】　B Ⅲ.巧思妙解 ‎1．(2009年福建俊民中学模拟)—How did it________that you made such a silly mistake?‎ ‎—I myself haven’t figured it out yet.‎ A．bring about B．come about C．come across D．come on ‎【解析】　句意为：——你怎么会犯如此愚蠢的错误？——连我自己都还没弄明白。B.形成，产生。A.造成，引起；C.偶然发现；D.改进，加油。‎ ‎【答案】　B ‎2．—Have you________some new ideas?‎ ‎—Yeah.I’ll tell you later.‎ A．come about B．come into C．come up with D．come out with ‎【解析】　句意为：——你提出了什么新想法吗？——噢，以后我会告诉你的。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎3．The teacher asked a difficult question，but Ted finally managed to________a good answer.‎ A．put up with B．keep up with C．come up with D．go through with ‎【解析】　句意为：老师问了一道很难的题，但特德最后还是想出了令人满意的答案。put up with忍受；keep up with跟上；come up with提出；go through with(艰难地)完成，履行……诺言。根据句意选C。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎4．Son，there is no________to worry.Everything will just go fine.‎ A．need B．difference C．point D．doubt ‎【解析】　句意为：儿子，没必要担心。一切都会好起来的。There is no doubt需加that从句，表示“……是不容置疑的”。There is no point in doing something做某事没有价值、意义；There is no need to do sth.没必要做某事；There is no difference没有差别、区别。‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎5．—They used to be good friends but now they are like strangers.‎ ‎—How________this________？‎ A．was；come about B．did；come about C．was；taken place D．was；happened ‎【答案】　B Ⅳ.语法专练 本单元语法—it的用法(Ⅱ)‎ ‎1．(2009年石家庄市高中毕业班复习教学质量检测)I still remember how many years ago________I last met her in the countryside.‎ A．when it was B．was it that C．when was it D．it was that ‎【解析】　考查强调句型。remember后的部分是宾语从句，从句中含有一个强调句型，被强调部分是how many years ago。‎ ‎【答案】　D ‎2．(2009年东北三校第一次联考)We have made________clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.‎ A．this B．that C．it D．one ‎【解析】　考查it的特殊用法。句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that we are strongly against smoking in the office。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎3．(2009年东城第一学期检测)Flowers growing in a wellequipped greenhouse find________hard to survive in the wild.‎ A．it B．that C．so D．very ‎【解析】　在think/feel/find等词后，常接it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面，所以答案为A。其实，该句还可以转换为：Flowers growing in a wellequipped greenhouse find that it is hard to survive in the wild.‎ ‎【答案】　A ‎4．I’ve just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite.Tom，go and buy________back.‎ A．one B．any C．it D．some ‎【解析】　it表示同一个；one表示同类。句中提到的对面书店有一本《飘》，把那本书买回来，故选C。‎ ‎【答案】　C ‎5．(2009年郑州第二次检测)—What an exciting party!‎ ‎—Yes，the night seems as if________would never end.‎ A．there B．time C．that D．it ‎【解析】　考查代词。空白处填it，指代the night。‎ ‎【答案】　D