2019届二轮复习语法专题句子成分课件(共43张PPT)

2019届二轮复习语法专题句子成分课件(共43张PPT)

2019 届二轮复习语法专题 9-1 句子成分 Do the exercises individually, and then check your answers with your partners. Now check your answers 1 that to be done 2 3 4 doing/to be done enjoying 5 understand 6 managed 7 is; eating   Note 1. 他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。 It occurred to sb that... : “某人想起……”。 it 在句中作 形式主语 ， 真正 的 主语 是 that引导的从句 。 2. need 此处用作 实义动词 ，后接 非谓语做 宾语 。 need doing=need to be done 需要被… eg.: My e-bike needs repairing. =My e-bike needs to be repaired. 3. 要实现“千年发展目标”还有许多工作要做。 remain 此处用作 系动词 ，后接 不定式被动语态做 表语 。 4. 公园 里到处都是 人，在阳光下他们玩的很尽兴。 enjoying... : V-ing 短语 做非限定性 定语 ，相当于 who are enjoying... 。 Note 5. 让那些需要帮助的人明白我们将全力以赴帮助他们。 let sb do ... 。 let作为使役动词，后接 不带to的 动词不定式 understand 做 宾补 。此处in need做those的定语。 6. 后来，工程师们设法以深部隧道方式建造铁路，即后来人们所熟知的地铁。 从 上下文及 Later, became等判断需填过去式： managed 做 谓语 。 7. 快餐食品饱含脂肪和盐；吃的越多，人们摄入超出正常饮食需求的盐和脂肪就越多。 be full of ... ; by doing... 。 is full of 系表结构做 复合谓语 ; by eating ( 介词 + V-ing) ，介词短语做方式 状语 。 句子成分 意义 充当词类 例句 主语 表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事 名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 We study in HuangQiao Middle School. 谓语 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree. 宾语 表示动作行为的对象 同主语 Both of us like English. 表语 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征 同主语 Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. 定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形，代，数，名 , 副，介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day. 状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句 子 He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood. 宾语 补足语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词 短语等 She always keeps the house clean. 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！ 1. ________________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 2. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ____________ (go) for a swim? 3. While waiting for the opportunity to get _________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.(2014 安徽， 32) Ignoring/to ignore going promoted 考点题例 4. In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ (hide) within the work. 5. ____________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 6. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _________ (take) good care of at home. hidden To make taken 句子成分 意义 充当词类 例句 主语 表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事 名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 We study in HuangQiao Middle School. 谓语 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree. 宾语 表示动作行为的对象 同主语 Both of us like English. 表语 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征 同主语 Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. 定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形，代，数，名 , 副，介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day. 状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句 子 He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood. 宾语 补足语 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词 短语等 She always keeps the house clean. 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！ 考点梳理 句子成分 句子的主体，表示句子说的是什么人或什么事，全句述说的对象。常置于句首。 1. 主语 (subject) 由 …… 充当 例句 名词 The earth looks like a huge water-covered globe. 代词 Nobody will knows what will occur in the future. 数词 The first that she supplied for me was a Spanish novel. it 形式主语 It is necessary to master a foreign language. 不定式 To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work. 可在句中充当主语的成分 举一反三 1. ________________ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions. 2. It is often the case __________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. 3. _______ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. Understanding that What 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样，主要由动词担任。 2. 谓语 (predicate) 由 …… 充当 例句 动词 I appreciate your timely help indeed. 动词短语 After the expedition, Captain Cook set up home in London. 情态动词 + 动词原形 She could read Latin and Greek when she was ten. 助动词 + 动词适当形式 He has caught a bad cold. 连系动词 + 表语 Shops remain open till 9 in the evening. 可在句中充当谓语的成分 举一反三 It is important to remember that success _____ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often _______ (take) years to achieve. 2. The true author of the book _________(remain) unknown. 2. Jack ______________ (work) in the lab when the power cut occurred. 3. In the last few years, China _________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection. 4. I love the weekend, because I _______ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. is takes was working has made needn’t remains (1) My name is Mary . (2) His job is to teach English . (3) Three times seven is twenty one . (4) The weather has turned cold . (5) The meeting is of great importance . 说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。 常见系动词有 be, become, look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear, get, turn, grow, go, remain, keep, stay …… 3. 表语 (predicative) 举一反三 1. His favorite sport is _________(swim). 2. Your task today is _________(wash) their curtains. 3. The film is _________ (excite). 4. He is _________ (excite) at the news. 5. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is __________one can be entirely free from dust. (2016 北京， 29) swimming to wash exciting that excited 表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后。 4. 宾语 (object) 由 …… 充当 例句 名词 He has formed the habit of rising early in the morning. 代词 Have you told them anything about the accident? 数词 If you add 5 to 5 , you get 10 . 名词化的形容词 We may find out the unknown by calculation. 可在句中充当宾语的成分 由 …… 充当 例句 名词 He has formed the habit of rising early in the morning. 代词 Have you told them anything about the accident? 数词 If you add 5 to 5 , you get 10 . 名词化的形容词 We may find out the unknown by calculation. 可在句中充当宾语的成分 由 …… 充当 例句 动词 -ing （短语） I dislike travelling to work in a very crowded bus every day. 不定式（短语） He refused to attend the medical conference . 从句 I wonder whether I should stay or not . 可在句中充当宾语的成分 举一反三 1. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do __________ (work) with students. 2. I remembered ___________ (lock) the door before I left the office, but forget to turn off the lights. 3. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ______ (lose) the good opportunity. 4. I truly believe ___________ beauty comes from within. working to lock losing that 有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，即间接宾语 (IO) 和直接宾语 (DO) 。 间接宾语 (IO) 一般放在直接宾语 (DO) 之前；有时可用介词 to 或 for 。 5. 直接宾语 (DO) , 与间接宾语 (IO) 动词与“双宾语” give sb. sth./give sth. to sb. 常见的这类结构的动词有： give, send, bring, owe, take, offer, pass, lend, tell, return, promise, show, write, throw, hand, award, grant 等 make sb. sth./make sth. for sb. 常见的这类结构的动词有： make( 制造 ), prepare, buy, do, fetch, leave, build, post, get, draw, find, reserve, save 等 1. Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 Mr Johnson ___________________ last year. 2. 奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。 Grandma told ____________________ last night. 3. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？ Would you please _____________________? 4. 他把车票给列车员看。 He showed __________________________. taught us German me an interesting story pass me the dictionary the ticket to the conductor 举一反三 Translate 位于宾语后，用来补充宾语的意义。 宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词 ( 如make等 ) + 宾语 + 宾补 ； 宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 6. 宾语补足语 (object complement) 由 …… 充当 例句 形容词 I consider the book too expensive . 介词短语 We found everything in the lab in good order . 副词 Let the fresh air in . 动词 His blame made Mary cry . 可在句中充当宾补的成分 宾语补足语结构 常见动词 例句 动词 + 宾语 + to do advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, cause, direct, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn Please remind me not to be late for the meeting. 动词 + 宾语 +to be… consider, think,  believe, discover, find,  imagine, judge, suppose, prove We consider him (to be) a good  teacher. 动词 + 宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式 feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, observe, see, watch, listen to, look at We watched the children play games. 注意 当句子的宾语是动词不定式、动词 -ing 形式或从句时，常用 it 作形式宾语，将真正的宾语移到宾语补足语之后。常见的动词有 think, find, consider, judge, feel, make, take 等。 They thought it right to do this test . 举一反三 1. Through the window, I could see the rain ____________ (come down) in sheets. 2. Mother made Charles ____ ( 整理 ) his bedroom before he went out. 3. Can you smell something ________ (burn)? It must be coming from the kitchen. 4. When the police arrived, they found the actress _________ (murder) in the bathroom. 5. The boss ordered the typist _______ (have) all the documents ready. coming down tidy burning murdered to have 位置灵活，用来修饰名词和代词，说明名词和代词的品质和特征。 7. 定语 (attributive) 由 …… 充当 例句 形容词 He gave a vivid description of the battle. 代词 All these facts are proof of our progress in science. 名词 They are to send a government trade delegation to China. 名词所有格 Mary’s parents have gone broad. 数词 The two boys are students. 不定式（后置） He is a man to be depended on . 可在句中充当定语的成分 由 …… 充当 例句 形容词 He gave a vivid description of the battle. 代词 All these facts are proof of our progress in science. 名词 They are to send a government trade delegation to China. 名词所有格 Mary’s parents have gone broad. 数词 The two boys are students. 不定式（后置） He is a man to be depended on . 可在句中充当定语的成分 由 …… 充当 例句 分词（短语） The scientists invited to the conference are all from Asia. 动词 -ing Our reading room is bright and large. 介词短语 The boy in blue is Tom. 副词 They live in the room above . 从句 The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday . 可在句中充当定语的成分 举一反三 1. To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study _________(conduct) in Australia in 2012. 2. Today there are more airplanes __________ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies. 3. He had no place _________ (live). 4. Happiness and success often come to those ______________ are good at recognizing their own strengths. conducted carrying to live 解析： 不定式作定语所修饰的名词如果是 time, place 或 way 时，不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去，如 3 。 who 可位于句首、句末、句中，用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等。 8. 状 语 (adverbial) 状语类型 例句 时间状语 I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside ． 地点状语 Mr. Smith lives on the third floor . 目的状语 They set out early so that they might arrive on time ． 原因状语 Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain . 条件状语 If you work hard at English , you will do well in English． 状语类型 例句 时间状语 I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside ． 地点状语 Mr. Smith lives on the third floor . 目的状语 They set out early so that they might arrive on time ． 原因状语 Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain . 条件状语 If you work hard at English , you will do well in English． 状语类型 例句 方式状语 She put the eggs into the basket with great care . 伴随状语 She came in with a dictionary in her hand . 结果状语 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately . 让步状语 He went to school yesterday though he was ill ． 比较状语 Lesson Two is not so difficult as Lesson One ． They were sitting quite happily on the floor . She spoke very well at the conference last night . 如果同时出现多个状语，则一般按照方式状语、地点状语、时间状语的顺序排列。 注意 由 …… 充当 例句 副词 the pretty girl plays the piano wonderfully . 介词短语 To his surprise , she criticized him instead of praising him. 分词短语 They entered the classroom, talking and laughing . 不定式短语 They did everything they could to save the soldier’s lift . 可在句中充当状语的成分 由 …… 充当 例句 从句 No matter what you say , I won’t change my mind. 词组 We should save the people heart and soul . 复合结构 The storm having destroyed their homes , they had to live in a cave. 可在句中充当状语的成分 _______ (play) football in the street is dangerous. 2. The ________ (disable) should not be looked down upon. 3. _____ was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 4. ________________ a book sells well depends on various factors. 5. They found an old woman _____ (lie) on the ground. 6. It isn’t socially __________ (accept) for parents to leave children unattended at that age. 7. The workers were made _______ (work) extra hours every day. Playing disabled It Whether / That (1) Fill in the blanks. lying to work acceptable 8. The robbers forced the man ___________ ( 交出 ) the suitcase. 9. A lot of practice helped the spokesman __________ (become) a more fluent speaker. 10. The hostess had the invitations ________ (deliver) a week before the party. 11. All of them try to use the power of the workstation _________(present) information in a more effective way. (to) become delivered to hand over to present 1. I was absent-minded when I suddenly ____________________ ( 听到喊我的 名字 ). 2. He had a strange way of ___________ _________________________ ( 使他的 课生动有趣 ). 3. The little girl doesn’t know how to _________________ ( 讲清楚自己的 意思 ). heard my name called making his classes lively and interesting get her ideas across (2) Translat ion 4. 桑迪已经失业半年 , 没有能力养家糊口了。 Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 5. 我最后一次见到他是周五晚上 , 当时他正趴在实验室的地上在找什么东西。 The last time I saw him was Friday night. He was on his hands and knees searching for something in his laboratory. 6. 布朗先生来这儿之前已经在一家银行里工作一年了。 Sandy has been out of work for half a year and is unable to support his family. 7. 既然大家都来了，让我们开始开会吧。 Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. Thank you.