【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题阶梯训练10篇学案（11页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空典题阶梯训练10篇学案（11页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空典题阶梯训练10篇 ‎【一】‎ In 1990, over 100 countries signed 1.________ international agreement to make it illegal to buy or sell ivory, which is mainly used for jewellery. Most ivory is made from the tusks (长牙) of African elephants. These tusks are 2.________ (terrible) valuable—one pair is worth more than three times the income of an African farmer or factory worker in a year.‎ Hunting elephants was so profitable 3.________ from 1979 to 1989 the number of elephants in African fell from 1.3 million to 600，000.It was feared that by the year 2000 there would be none 4.________ (leave)．However, thanks to the international agreement, there 5.________ (be) much less illegal hunting since 1990.‎ But considering 6.________ (vary) of aspects, it costs a lot of money to preserve elephants. Game wardens must be hired to protect them; land must be set aside for them, and when they destroy a farmer's crops, the farmer must 7.________ (pay) compensation.‎ Zimbabwe and four other African countries say that some of the elephants should be killed legally. This would help keep the population 8.________ (stability), and selling the ivory would help pay for preserving the elephants. But conservationists say that 9.________ (make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting. Others say 10.________ is wrong is to kill elephants because they are sensitive animals who feel emotional pain at the death of other elephants.‎ 答案与难点解析：1.an 2. terribly3.that 4. left 5. has been 6.varieties 7. be paid 8. Stable 9.making 10.what ‎3．that　考查状语从句。句意：猎杀大象是如此有利可图以至于从1979年到1989年非洲大象的数量从130万下降到了60万。此处是so…that…引导结果状语从句，故填that.‎ ‎4．left　考查非谓语动词。句意：人们担心到了2000年，将没有一头大象 被剩下。此处是过去分词作后置定语，故填left。‎ ‎5．has been　考查动词的时态。根据since 1990“自从1990年以来”，可知用现在完成时，illegal hunting是句子主语，故填has been。‎ ‎6．varieties　考查固定词组。a variety of / varieties of意为“各种各样的”，根据句意可知填varieties。‎ ‎7．be paid　考查动词的语态。句意：农民一定要被支付赔偿金。根据句意可知用含情态动词的被动语态，故填be paid。‎ ‎8．stable　考查形容词。句意：……帮助保持象群总数稳定。此处是形容词作宾语补足语，故填stable。‎ ‎9．making　考查非谓语动词。此处是动名词作主语，故填making。‎ ‎10．what　考查主语从句。此处是what引导的主语从句，在从句中作主语，故填what。‎ ‎【二】‎ ‎ My English teacher was very tall. The moment she 1.________ (enter) the class, we would all sit 2.________ (quiet) and open the books. She would encourage me by giving me important assignments and also morning news to read during the assembly. She would come down and listen to my English debate (辩论), 3.________ made me take part in all debate competitions.‎ ‎ 4.________ same was true of my biology and science teacher. She was very nice and sweet. She would always give me extra information on the biology project. I could not go to the lab for experiments, so she would bring the lab down and help me with the biology and science 5.________ (experiment) and would give me excellent marks.‎ ‎ My friends made me monitor and the naughty boys listened to me. My friends used to help me with my notes when I was 6.________ (absence)．My teachers always gave me important project work and I felt proud when they patted me 7.________ the back after I finished it quickly and correctly. I was never shouted at or made fun of or scolded by any of my friends and teachers.‎ ‎ Today I often see the terrible punishments 8.________ (give) to students on TVs.I feel very ‎ sad.‎ ‎ I really want to express my love and thanks to all my wonderful teachers and friends. Without them my school life would not 9.________ (be) so excellent and 10.________ (forget)．‎ 答案与难点解析：1．entered2．quietly　3．which4．The5．experiments　6.absent 7. on 8.given 9. have been 10. unforgettable ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的老师和朋友们对作者的帮助。‎ ‎1．entered　上文是一般过去时，所以这里需用过去式。‎ ‎2．quietly这里应该用副词修饰动词sit，表示安静地坐着，quiet为形容词，此处应用quietly。‎ ‎3．which　该句是非限制性定语从句，又是指代前面一整句话的，所以只能用关系词which。‎ ‎4．The　“The same is true of…”为固定表达。‎ ‎5．experiments　由上文可知，这里的experiment应该用复数形式。‎ ‎【三】‎ ‎ One winter day in 1891, 1.________ class of training school in Massachusetts, USA, went into the gym for their 2.________ (day) exercises. Since the football season had ended, most of the young men felt they were in for a boring time.‎ ‎ But their teacher, James Naismith had other ideas. He had been working for a long time on a new game which would have the 3.________ (excite) of American football. Naismith showed the men a basket he 4.________ (hang) at each end of the gym, and explained that they were going to use a round European football. At first everybody tried to throw the ball 5.________ the basket no matter where he was standing.“Pass! Pass！” Naismith kept shouting, 6.________ (blow) his whistle to stop the excited players.‎ ‎ Slowly, they began to understand 7.________ was wanted of them. The problem with the ‎ new game, which was soon called “basketball”，8.________ (be) getting the ball out of the basket. They used ordinary food baskets with bottoms, and the ball, of course, stayed inside. At first, someone had to climb up every time a basket 9.________ (score)．It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball 10.________ (fall) through. There have been many changes in the rules since then, and basketball has become one of the world's most popular sports.‎ 答案与难点解析：1．a　2. daily3．excitement4．had hung5．into6．blowing7．what ‎8. was 9. was scored 10 fall ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了篮球这项运动是如何产生的。‎ ‎1．a这里指培训学校的一节课。故填a。‎ ‎2. daily。故填daily。‎ ‎3．excitement　句意：有美国足球的兴奋。此处用名词形式，故填excitement。‎ ‎4．had hung　句意：Naismith向队员们展示了他在体育馆两端挂的篮子。“悬挂”这个动作明显靠前，可知用过去完成时，故填had hung。‎ ‎5．into　句意：把球扔进篮子里。throw…into…意为“把……扔进……里”，故填into。‎ ‎6．Blowing blow与主语Naismith为主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语，故填blowing。‎ ‎7．what　。understand后面的宾语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少主语，故填what起双重作用。‎ ‎【四】‎ ‎ As it's easy to cultivate and it contains most of the vitamins necessary for health, potatoes are popular in cultures worldwide. Originating 1.________ South America, potatoes have been part of South American diet for hundreds of years. With multiple potato 2.________ (variety) in the market, they are fried, baked, freezedried to form many beloved dishes. In Ireland, from its introduction in the 16th century, potatoes 3.________ (hold) a central place in the Irish diet and ‎ been considered as the primary Irish crop. In the US, potatoes are one of the most 4.________ (wide) consumed crops. French fries are commonly found in typical American fastfood restaurants and cafeterias. French fries were introduced to the US 5.________ Thomas Jefferson served them in the White House during 6.________ presidency from 1801—1809.‎ For many Chinese people, potatoes are considered a vegetable.7.________ in the future, this will no longer be the case.“A programme to add potatoes to China's list of food, joining rice, wheat and corn, will 8.________ (expand) to diversify the Chinese menu and meet increasing food demands，”agricultural experts and authorities with the Ministry of Agriculture said in 9.________ conference on Jan.6.Specifically, potato powder will be mixed into bread and noodle to suit Chinese consumers' taste and 10.________ (eat) habit.‎ 答案与难点解析：1．in/from2．varieties3．have held4．widely5．when6．his7．But 8. Be expanded 9.a 10.eating ‎【文章大意】 本文为说明文，主要介绍了土豆在不同国家饮食文化的普及情况，在不久的将来，它还会成为中国家庭餐桌上的主食之一。‎ ‎1．in/from。originate in/from是“起源于”的意思。‎ ‎2．varieties。此处指土豆的多样性，故用复数形式。学科网 ‎3．have held。根据上文说自16世纪被引进以来，土豆至今一直都占据着爱尔兰饮食的核心地位，故用现在完成时。‎ ‎4．widely。副词修饰consumed，故填widely。‎ ‎5．when。该从句和前面主句存在时间上的逻辑关系。‎ ‎6．his。该句子的意思是：当Thomas Jefferson 在他1801—1809执政期间。presidency为名词，意为“总统的任期”。‎ ‎7．But。该句和上文存在转折关系，故填But。‎ ‎【五】‎ The Great Wall of China is more than 6，000 kilometres long. It winds 1.________ (it) way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys 2.________ at last it reaches the sea. The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it 3.________(build)during the Spring and Autumn period. During the Qin Dynasty, 4.________ (keep) the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls 5.________ (join) up. Thus, the Great Wall came into being. The Great Wall is wide enough at 6.________ top for five horses or ten men to walk side by side. Along the wall are watchtowers, 7.________ soldiers used to keep watch. Fires were lit on the towers as a 8.________ (warn) when the enemy came.‎ It was 9.________ (extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machines. All the work was done 10.________ hand. Thousands of men died and were buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.‎ 答案与难点解析：1．its2．till/until/and3．was built4．to keep 5. joined 6. the 7. where 8.warning 9. extremely 10.by ‎【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国长城的有关情况。‎ ‎1．its。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。‎ ‎2．till/until/and　。此处表示并列或者是“直到最后到达海边”，故填till/until/and。‎ ‎3．was built。句意：它的第一部分是在春秋时期建成的。根据句意可知用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。‎ ‎4．to keep。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故填to keep。‎ ‎5．joined　考查非谓语动词。此处是过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动关系，故填joined。‎ ‎【六】‎ Visitors to Britain may find the best place to enjoy local culture is in a traditional pub. A team of___41___ (research) have discovered some of the unknown culture of British pubs---starting with the difficulty of ___42___(get)a drink. His may sound in convenient, but there is____43____hidden meaning.‎ ‎ Pub culture___44___(form) to improve sociability in a society that is known for its coldness. Standing at the bar for service ___45___(allow) you to chat with others who are waiting to be served. The bar counter is___46___(possible) the only place in Britain where a ___47___ (friend) talk with strangers is considered to be entirely proper and really quite normal behavior. ___48___, if you do not follow the local rules, the experience may fall flat. For example, if you are in a big group,___49___is best for one or two people to go to buy the drinks. Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff angry ___50___(much) than a group of strangers blocking all passages to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.‎ ‎【答案】41. researchers 42. getting 43. a 44. formed 45. allows 46. possibly 47. friendly 48. However 49. it 50. More ‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎41. 此处做主语，a team of 一对… 可知此处指人，所以用热researchers。‎ ‎42. 此处of 为介词，所以要用getting。‎ ‎43. 此处 meaning可数，所以前面缺冠词，不是特指所以用a。‎ ‎44. 此句中缺谓语，应考虑时态语态主谓一致。根据上下文语境，时态是一般现在时，酒吧文化是被形成故用被动语态，be动词用is 即可，所以答案为is formed。‎ ‎45. 此句中缺谓语，应考虑时态语态主谓一致。根据上下文语境，时态是一般现在时，语态应为主动， Standing at the bar for service 做主语谓语动词用第三人称单数。所以答案allows。‎ ‎46. 此处应该用副词作状语。表示很有可能是。‎ ‎【七】‎ Sweet wormwood is a common plant in China, __1__ it has the power to cure the deadly disease called malaria. Tu Youyou __2__ (be) the woman who uses the plant’s special power to save millions of lives. The Chinese scientist won a Nobel Prize because of her great contribution.‎ On October 5, Tu was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She shared the prize with two other scientists from the US and Japan. Tu is the first native Chinese person __3__ (receive) a Nobel Prize in natural sciences.‎ Tu was modest about receiving the award: “It’s a success for the whole research team.” She also thinks __4__ is scientists’ duty to fight for the health of all humans.‎ When Tu joined the national research team to find the medicine __5__ could fight against malaria in the 1960s and 1970s, things were hard. The team didn’t have advanced equipment back then. Tu used to test __6__ (medicine) by eating them herself. Her team searched old Chinese medicine books __7__ hand and tested over 2,000 traditional recipes.‎ Once Tu __8__ (return) home after traveling for six months. Her little daughter didn’t recognize her and hid from the “strange woman”. To do research, Tu also had to move around a lot.‎ Finally, Tu found artemisinin in sweet wormwood in 1971. She spent the next decades __9__ (try) to improve the medicine. According to World Health Organization, about 200 million people suffer __10__ malaria around the world, and about half a million die each year. Artemisinin is still the most effective treatment against malaria known today.‎ Tu never complains about how hard she works. “I feel more rewarded when I see so many cured patients，” she said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。屠呦呦是中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，她带领她的团队发现了青蒿素，从而挽救了数百万人的生命。‎ ‎1．but　空前语境为：青蒿在中国是一种常见的植物；空后语境为：它有治愈致命疾病——疟疾的能力。根据空处前后语境可以判断，两句为转折关系，故用转折连词but。‎ ‎2．is　根据该句中的“who uses the plant’s special power”可知，该句应用一般现在时。又因主语为Tu Youyou，故用is。‎ ‎3．to receive　根据该句中的“the first native Chinese person”可以判断，该句应用动词不定式作person的后置定语。‎ ‎4．it　分析该句结构可知，动词不定式短语to fight for the health of all humans 作真正的主语，it 作形式主语。‎ ‎5．that/which　分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为medicine，空处在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。‎ ‎6．medicines　根据该句中的them可以判断，空处应用复数形式。‎ ‎7．by/on/at/in　by hand意为“用手”；on hand, at hand, in hand意为“在手头”。根据语境可知这四个介词都对。‎ ‎8．returned　根据下句的“Her little daughter didn’t recognize her”可知，这里陈述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．trying　spend time doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故用trying。‎ ‎10．from　suffer from 为固定搭配，意为“(因疾病、痛苦等)受折磨”。‎ ‎【八】‎ For more than six million American children, coming home after school means __1__ (come) to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hang out outside. __2__ all of them have something in common. They spend part of each day alone. They __3__ (call) latchkey children — they are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad situation has become a subject of concern.‎ A headmaster of an elementary school said that there was a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys __4__(attach). He was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, __5__ he slowly learned were house keys.‎ He began talking to the children who had them. Then he learned the influence working couples and single parents were having __6__ their children. Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own __7__(safe)．‎ The most common way latchkey children deal with this is by hiding. It might be in a bathroom, under a bed __8__ in a closet. The second is TV. They’ll watch it with the volume turned up high. Most parents don’t realize __9__ (it) effect on their children and most ‎ parents are slow to admit the fact __10__ they leave their children alone.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国“挂钥匙儿童”这一社会问题。‎ ‎1．coming　mean to do sth.“打算做某事”；mean doing sth.“意味着”。根据语境可知，此处表示放学回家意味着回到一个空房子，故填coming。‎ ‎2．But　根据语境可知，一些孩子看电视，一些在外面闲逛。空后又说“have something in common”，故填转折连词But。‎ ‎3．are called　主语They与call之间构成动宾关系，且根据“they are”可知，该句为一般现在时态，应填are called。‎ ‎4．attached　此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，keys与attach是动宾关系，故填attached。‎ ‎5．which　分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语且先动词为keys，指物，故填which。‎ ‎6．on　have influence on sb.“对某人有影响”，故填on。‎ ‎7．safety　根据句意可知，此处指很多孩子做噩梦并担心他们自己的安全，应用名词形式，故填safety。‎ ‎8．or　根据句意可知，此处指有可能藏在卫生间、床底下或壁橱里。表示选择，故填or。‎ ‎9．its　根据句意可知，此处表示电视对孩子的影响，故填its。‎ ‎10．that　根据句意可知，此处指大多数父母迟迟不肯承认他们不管孩子这个事实；分析句子结构可知，这是同位语从句且不缺成分。故填that。‎ ‎【九】‎ I can still recall the day when I sat on the stairs of a temple in Nepal. The square before the temple __1__ (become) very muddy as a result of the rain. We had to walk on a path made by a line of bricks on the muddy ground.‎ A friend of __2__ (I) complained all the way while she stepped on the bricks __3__ (walk) towards me. Looking around she said very __4__ (patience), “Disgusting indeed! What __5__ I fall into the dirty water？”‎ Since I knew her very well, I nodded cautiously __6__ (comfort) her by my silent ‎ sympathy.‎ A few minutes later another friend came __7__ the same scene. She stepped on the brick path dancing briskly and singing，“Jump, jump, jump！” until she reached the dry ground. She couldn’t help shouting, “__8__ fun it is！” Eyes beaming with joy, she made the remarks, “The __9__ (please) thing of the rainy season is that one can entirely be free from dust.”‎ In the eyes of the two there __10__ (be) two different worlds. As the world has a population of 7 billion, it follows that there should be 7 billion worlds.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回忆起在尼泊尔发生的一件事：两位朋友在面对雨后泥泞的道路时，看法完全不一样，一位为此而抱怨，一位则为此而欣喜。因此，不同的人眼中的世界是不同的。‎ ‎1．became/had become　根据上下文语境可知，此处可用一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作；因为“道路变得泥泞”这一动作发生在“sat”之前，所以此处也可用过去完成时。故填became/had become。‎ ‎2．mine　根据语境可知，作者的一位朋友一路上一直在抱怨，此处应用I的名词性物主代词作介词“of”的宾语。故填mine。‎ ‎3．walking　分析句子结构可知，主语“she”和动词walk之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，所以此处应用walk的现在分词形式作状语。故填walking。‎ ‎4．impatiently　分析词法知识可知，此处应用副词修饰动词“said”；根据语境可知，作者的那位朋友很不耐烦地抱怨着，故应用否定形式。故填impatiently。‎ ‎5．if　what if是固定搭配，意为“如果……该怎么办”，符合语境。故填if。‎ ‎6．to comfort　根据语境可知，作者点头是为了安慰那位朋友，此处应用动词不定式表目的。故填to comfort。‎ ‎7．to　句意：几分钟之后，另一位朋友来到了同一个地方。come to意为“来到(某地)”，符合语境。故填to。‎ ‎8．What　根据句法结构可知，fun是不可数名词，所以此处应用what引导这个感叹句。故填What。‎ ‎9．most pleasant/most pleasing　‎ 句意：在雨季，最令人高兴的是人们可以完全避开灰尘。此处应用please的形容词形式pleasant/pleasing(令人愉快的)的最高级。故填most pleasant/most pleasing。‎ ‎10．were　纵观全文时态并结合语境可知，此处应用一般过去时；there be结构后的“two different worlds”为复数概念，所以此处be动词应用一般过去时的复数形式。故填were。‎ ‎【十】‎ If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of __61__ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of __62__ (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ (be) often acceptable.‎ Most of us are more focused __64__ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive __65__ possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.‎ Recent __66__ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks __67__ (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for __68__ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.‎ If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely __69__ (bring) your work home. It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, __70__ (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如果在工作中感觉压力很大，你不妨先后退一步，把手头的工作分一下轻重缓急，优先处理最重要的工作，这样你就能获得一种成就感。‎ ‎61．greater　空格处和后面的less importance是并列关系，所以用比较级。‎ ‎62．achievement　考查词性转化。a sense of achievement表示“成就感”。‎ ‎63．is　主语是Leaving the less important things until tomorrow，动名词作主语时谓语用单数，此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。‎ ‎64．on　focus on“集中于”。‎ ‎65．as　as ...as possible“尽可能……”。‎ ‎66．studies　recent是形容词，修饰名词，“recent _______”在句中作主语，根据谓语show可知，主语需要用复数形式。‎ ‎67．regularly　此处需要副词修饰谓语动词take。‎ ‎68．a　for a while“一会儿”。‎ ‎69．to bring　be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。‎ ‎70. make　此处make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about是祈使句，动词用原形。‎