2020-2021学年高一英语重点词汇真题训练 Languages around the world

2020-2021学年高一英语重点词汇真题训练 Languages around the world

2020-2021 学年高一英语重点词汇真题训练 Languages around the world 一、单项选择(共 20 分) 1．(本题 2 分)（2015·天津高考真题）The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _______his employees enjoy their work. A．where B．which C．when D．who 2．(本题 2 分)（2019·吉林高一期末）We require the thief _________ into prison. A．refers to being put B．referred to be put C．refer to being put D．referred should be put 3．(本题 2 分)（2020·上海市进才中学高一月考）Liberty, equality, and fraternity are the ideals _______ human beings have been fighting. A．to which B．against which C．with which D．for which 4．(本题 2 分)（2020·上海市进才中学高一月考）Companies should understand the risks _______ they are exposed and monitor their control environments adequately. A．on which B．in which C．to which D．with which 5．(本题 2 分)（2020·上海市进才中学高一月考）Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. A．neither of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 6．(本题 2 分)（2015·陕西高考真题）As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________he should be able to be independent. A．which B．where C．whom D．when 7．(本题 2 分)（2008·山东高考真题）Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A．who B．which C．why D．when 8．(本题 2 分)（2019·江苏高考真题）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A．which B．what C．when D．that 9．(本题 2 分)（2014·江西高考真题）It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. A．that B．as C．which D．when 10．(本题 2 分)（2018·江苏高考真题）Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. A．that B．where C．which D．when 评卷人 得分 二、完形填空(共 40 分) (本题 40 分)（2013·安徽高考真题） If you want to learn a new language，the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a 11 reason，such as your job or your studies？ 12 perhaps you're interested in the 13 ，films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a 14 of the language. Most people learn best using a variety of 15 ，but traditional classes are an ideal start for many people.They 16 an environment where you can practice under the 17 of someone who's good at the language.We all lead 18 lives and learning a language takes 19 .You will have more success if you study regularly，so try to develop a 20 .It doesn't matter if you haven't got long.Becoming fluent in a language will take years，but learning to get by takes 21 . Many people start learning a language and soon give up.“ I'm too 22 ，”they say.Yes，children do learn languages more 23 than adults，but research has shown that you can learn a language at any 24 .And learning is good for the health of your brain， too.I've also heard people 25 about the mistakes they make when 26 .Well， relax and laugh about your mistakes 27 you're much less likely to make them again. Learning a new language is never 28 .But with some work and devotion，you'll make progress.And you'll be 29 by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in 30 own language.Good luck! 11．(2 分)A．technical B．political C．practical D．physical 12．(2 分)A．After B．So C．Though D．Or 13．(2 分)A．literature B．transport C．agriculture D．medicine 14．(2 分)A．view B．knowledge C．form D．database 15．(2 分)A．paintings B．regulations C．methods D．computers 16．(2 分)A．protect B．change C．respect D．provide 17．(2 分)A．control B．command C．guidance D．pressure 18．(2 分)A．busy B．happy C．simple D．normal 19．(2 分)A．courage B．time C．energy D．place 20．(2 分)A．theory B．business C．routine D．project 21．(2 分)A．some risks B．a lot less C．some notes D．a lot more 22．(2 分)A．old B．nervous C．weak D．tired 23．(2 分)A．closely B．quickly C．privately D．quietly 24．(2 分)A．age B．speed C．distance D．school 25．(2 分)A．worry B．hesitate C．think D．quarrel 26．(2 分)A．singing B．working C．bargaining D．learning 27．(2 分)A．if B．and C．but D．before 28．(2 分)A．tiresome B．hard C．interesting D．easy 29．(2 分)A．blamed B．amazed C．interrupted D．informed 30．(2 分)A．their B．his C．our D．your 评卷人 得分 三、阅读选择(共 32 分) (本题 8 分)（2012·辽宁高考真题） If Confucius (孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He'd need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out. While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It's nothing personal. Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes. But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China. In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and philosophy (哲学). Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States，at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers. So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well. Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West. As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is. 31．(2 分)The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________. A．provide some key facts about Confucius B．attract the readers' interest in the subject C．show great respect for the ancient thinker D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations 32．(2 分)We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students ________. A．have a great interest in studying Chinese B．take an active part in Chinese competitions C．try to get high scores in Chinese exams D．fight for a chance to learn Chinese 33．(2 分)What is the best title for the passage? A．Forgotten Wisdom in America B．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language C．Chinese Culture for Westerners D．Old Thinker with a Big Future 34．(2 分)The passage is likely to appear in ________. A．a biography B．a history paper C．a newspaper D．a philosophy textbook (本题 8 分)（2016·全国高考真题） The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 35．(2 分)What does the author say about silence in conversations? A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culture-specific. D．It is content-based. 36．(2 分)Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A．The Chinese. B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians. 37．(2 分)What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A．Let it continue as the patient pleases. B．Break it while treating patients. C．Evaluate its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects. 38．(2 分)What may be the best title for the text? A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold (本题 8 分)（2015·安徽高考真题） Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning. Electronic Village Program (Thursday, June 18, 2015) Nearpod 9:00 am to 10:00 am Room 501 Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context (语境) for students to learn vocabulary. The presenter will show how to use it. TEO 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm Room 502 Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn online. The presenter will use examples from his first online class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching online with TEO. Kahoot 10:30 am to 11:30 am Room 601 Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network. It can provide students with instant feedback (反馈), including reports about their strengths and weaknesses. Prezi 3:30 pm to 4:20 pm Room 602 Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students’ attention to speaking more fluently. The presenter will show how students can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety of topics, including introducing family, friends, and hobbies. 39．(2 分)Nearpod is actually a . A．super football player B．name of a recent film C．software program D．robot 40．(2 分)A teacher who wants to learn online teaching can go to . A．Room 501 B．Room 502 C．Room 601 D．Room 602 41．(2 分)Which of the following can assess your grammar learning? A．Nearpod. B．Kahoot. C．TEO. D．Prezi. 42．(2 分)If you want to improve your speaking skills, you are supposed to arrive by . A．9:00 am B．10:30 am C．2:00 pm D．3:30 pm (本题 8 分)（2018·全国高考真题） Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. 43．(2 分)What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A．They developed very fast. B．They were large in number. C．They had similar patters. D．They were closely connected 44．(2 分)Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2？ A．Complex. B．Advanced. C．Powerful. D．Modern. 45．(2 分)How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A．About 6,800 . B．About 3,400 C．About 2,400 D．About 1,200. 46．(2 分)What is the main idea of the text? A．New languages will be created. B．Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages. C．Human development results in fewer languages. D．Geography determines language evolution. 评卷人 得分 四、七选五(共 10 分) (本题 10 分)（2019·广东濠江金山中学高二月考）Different Cultures The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish themselves from each other a lot. 47．(2 分). The origin of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries:China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers — the Yellow River in China and the Indus River in India. 48．(2 分) When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture，another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian plain（美索不达米亚平原）一 the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Rome and Ancient Greek.49．(2 分) Like the Chinese culture，the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America，their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't distinguish itself from the European culture a lot. 50．(2 分) Take the language system for example. In the East，most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what's more，due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West，the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference（干预） from the other. The differences are everywhere. 51．(2 分) But different cultures make the world in the 21st century more varied. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human beings. It ought to be the motivation for our going farther. A．Let us work together to keep a variety of cultures. B．One important thing is to learn about the other's culture. C．And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture. D．This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole. E.They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles. F.They are obvious and affect people's ways of thinking and their views of the world. G.At the same time，some other differences add to the cultural differences. 评卷人 得分 五、用单词的适当形式完成短文(共 20 分) (本题 20 分)（2018·浙江高考真题） Easy Ways to Build Vocabulary It's not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life, it's 52．(2 分)ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, 53．(2 分)means you'll just keep getting better and better. Of course you have to work at it. You wouldn't think that a few 54．(2 分)(month) of exercise in your teens would be enough 55．(2 分) the rest of your life, and that's also true for building your vocabulary--you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary. One of the 56．(2 分)(effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books. You need to 57．(2 分)(real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic. This isn't as hard as it 58．(2 分)(sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while 59．(2 分)(read) an interesting piece of literature. Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 60．(2 分)(they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words 61．(2 分)(learn) this way in conversations almost automatically. 评卷人 得分 六、短文改错(共 10 分) 62．(本题 10 分)（2020·安徽省天长中学高二期末）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交 换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处错误，每句中最多有两处。 错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意： 1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 When I was young, I was terribly poor in the Chinese. Be afraid of expressing myself was one of the reasons that I rarely did well in school. Once I failed in a mid-term exam. When I got the papers, I realized things could have been better if I listened to the teacher much more attentive. So I turned to my teacher for helps and he told me, “Where there is a will, there is a way. If we are devoted to learning Chinese, you’ll make it.” I couldn’t agree much. From then on, I began to work harder. Out of my expect, I made great progress soon. Today, Chinese is where my strength lies. And I’m grateful for my Chinese teacher. 评卷人 得分 七、提纲类作文(共 18 分) 63．(本题 18 分)（2017·全国高考真题）假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友 Leslie 学 习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括： （1）时间和地点； （2）内容：学习唐诗； （3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。 注意： 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考答案 1．A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工 喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为 atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where。故选 A。 【名师点睛】 本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第一、 找准先行词。第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正 确的关系词。 2．B【解析】考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：我们要求所提到的那个小偷应该被关进监狱。分 析句子成分，referred to 为后置定语，修饰 the thief，因两者构成被动关系，故使用动词的过去分词， 即 referred to，故排除 A、C 选项；require 意为“需要,要求",后接从句要用虚拟语气,即其后的从句： 谓语动词用 should+动词原形,should 可以省略。且 the thief 与 put into prison 构成被动关系，故选用 被动语态，即 the thief (should) be put into prison，综上，故选 B。 【点睛】 后接虚拟语气的常见词 1）在 insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, desire, demand, require, request, order, prefer, propose, recommend 等表示“命令，决定，建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中 的时态不限。 例如：He ordered that all the books be sent at once. She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday. 2）类似用法的还有 advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper 等形容词；decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其 中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如： It was appropriate that this tax be abolished. Their decision was that the school remain closed. 3）请注意，当这些词语不是用于表示“命令，决定，建议”的含义时，所引导从句不用虚拟语气。 3．D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自由、平等、博爱是人类一直为之奋斗的理想。分析句子，此 处考查介词加关系代词时，介词的选择。从句 fight 译为“奋斗”，根据句意译为“为…... 奋斗”为 fight for，是固定搭配。for 可提至关系代词 which 前。故选 D 项。 4．C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：公司应该了解他们所面临的风险，并充分监控他们的控制环境。 分析句子，此处考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句时，介词的选择。从句中的动词 expose 译为“使… 曝光”，根据句意译为“暴露于”为 expose…to，是固定搭配。to 可提至关系代词 which 前。故选 C 项。 5．D【解析】 考查代词和定语从句。句意：上周，只有两个人来看这所房子，他们都不想买。分 析句子，前句提到“two people”表示两个人，故排除 C 项，none 指三者或者三者以上都不。划线前 的“逗号”不可同时放下两个简单句。故排除 A 和 B 项。再根据定语从句引导词作用之一，连接主从 句。且此处表示两者都不。先行词为 two people ，作 of 的宾语。关系代词为 whom。故选 D 项。 6．D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。 这里使用定语从句，先行词是 the time，在定语从句中作时间状语，用关系副词 when，故选 D。 7．D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我难得有时间和孩子们一起过一天。先行词为 occasions，在定 语从句子作时间状语，故选 D 项。 8．C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。 句中先行词为 an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用 when。故选 C。 9．D【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。句意：我父亲半夜叫醒我，告诉我去看足球比赛。 my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 the middle of the night，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词 when。故选 D。 10．B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。 句中先行词为 area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which。故选 B。 点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准 先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系 词。 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 16．D 17．C 18．A 19．B 20．C 21．B 22．A 23．B 24．A 25．A 26．D 27．B 28．D 29．B 30．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述语言学习。无论出于什么原因，无论以什么样的方式，无论从多 大年龄开始，学习一种新的语言绝对不是一件容易的事情。但是当你用所学的这种新语言和别人交 流，并且得到积极回应的时候，你会感到很惊喜。 11．考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. technical 技术的；B. political 政治的；C. practical 实际的，实 用的；D. physical 身体的，物质的；句意：你是出于某种实际的原因而需要学习一种新语言的吗， 比如工作或学习？根据列举的工作和学习，可知在询问语言学习是否因为实际需要，故 C 项正确。 12．考查固定搭配。A. After 在…之后；B. So 于是；C. Though 尽管；D. Or 或者； or perhaps“或许”。 句意：或许你对另外一个国家的文学、电影、音乐感兴趣，而且你知道掌握该语言将会有很大的帮 助。根据句意可知 D 项正确。 13．考查名词辨析。及上下文串联。A. literature 文学；B. transport 交通；C. agriculture 农业；D. medicine 药物；由下文“films or music”可知是同一类事物，只有 literature 符合。故 A 项正确。 14．考查固定搭配。A. view 风景；观点；B. knowledge 知识；C. form 形式；D. database 数据库；固 定短语 have a knowledge of the language“掌握这门语言”。故 B 项正确。 15．考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. paintings 油画；B. regulations 规则；C. methods 方法；D. computer 计算机；下文说传统的课堂学习是一种理想的开始方法，所以该空应该是说大家用各种方法(methods) 学习。故 C 项正确。 16．考查动词词义辨析及上下文串联。 A. protect 保护；B. change 改变；C. respect 尊敬；D. provide 提供；句中 They 指的是前文中的“traditional classes”，它们提供给人们学习的环境。故 D 项正确。 17．考查名词辨析及上下文语境。A. control 控制；B. command 命令；C. guidance 指导；D. pressure 压力；“在擅长这种语言的人的指导下学习”，也就是在老师的指导下学习。under the guidance of sb.“在 某人的指导下”。故 C 项正确。 18．考查形容词辨析。A. busy 忙碌的；B. happy 幸福的；C. simple 简单的；D. normal 正常的；动词 短语 lead a．..life ＝ live a．..life“过着一种……生活”。句意：我们都过着繁忙的生活，学习语言也 需要花费时间。故 A 项正确。 19．考查名词辨析。A. courage 勇气；B. time 时间；C. energy 精力；D. place 地点；我们都过着繁忙 的生活，学习语言也需要花费时间。故 B 项正确。 20．考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. theory 理论；B. business 生意；C. routine 日常行为；D. project 项目；工程；由上文“study regularly”可知，我们尝试把它养成一种日常行为。故 C 项正确。 21．考查名词辨析。A. some risks 危险；B. a lot less 大大少于…；C. some notes 笔记；D. a lot more 多很多；句意：要学到流利的程度需要数年的时间，但只要求说得过去，时间则可以少得多。故 B 项正确。 22．考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. old 年老的；B. nervous 紧张的；C. weak 虚弱的；D. tired 疲 惫的；由下文可知，许多人放弃学习新的语言是因为他们觉得自己年龄太大了(old)。故 A 项正确。 23．考查副词辨析及上下文串联。A. closely 紧密地；B. quickly 快速地；C. privately 私人地，隐私地； D. quietly 安静地；由上文可以推断出小孩学习语言比成年人要快。故 B 项正确。 24．考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. age 年龄；B. speed 速度；C. distance 距离；D. school 学校；上 文都在说小孩与成年人，所以只有 age 符合。at any age“在任何年龄”。故 A 项正确。 25．考查动词短语辨析及生活常识。动词短语 worry about“担心”。hesitate about“对……犹豫不决”； think about“考虑”；quarrel about“就……争吵”。根据常识可知，学习一种语言的时候，人们一般都担 心犯错误。故 A 项正确。 26．考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A. singing 歌唱；B. working 工作；C. bargaining 讨价还价；D. learning 学习；句意：我还听说人们在学习语言时担心他们会犯错误。故 D 项正确。 27．考查特殊句型，“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”，相当于：条件句+主句；句意：放松心态，自嘲自己 的错误，这样你再次犯错的可能性就会大减。故 B 项正确。 28．考查形容词辨析。A. tiresome 令人厌倦的；B. hard 困难的；C. interesting 有趣的；D. easy 容易 的；根据文章意思可以得知学习一种新的语言绝对是不容易的事情。故 D 项正确。 29．考查动词辨析。blame“责备”；amaze“使惊奇”；interrupt“打断”；inform“通知”。句意：当你用 他们自己的语言说了仅几个词，并且得到他们积极的回应时，你将会感到非常惊喜。故 B 项正确。 30．考查代词辨析及上下文串联。句意：当你用他们自己的语言说了仅几个词，并且得到他们积极 的回应时，你将会感到非常惊喜。故 B 项正确。用 their 指代主句中的 some people。故 A 项正确。 31．B 32．A 33．D 34．C 【解析】文章是新闻报道，主要讲述了外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓，对于孔子的思想也越来 越感兴趣这一社会现象。 31．推理判断题，由第一段“If Confucius (孔子) were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake,”说如果孔子还活着话，将会用大蛋糕庆祝他的生日，可以推出是吸引读者的 兴趣，故选 B 项。 32．推理判断题，由第四段“Students in the United States，at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese.” 与此同时，美国的学生也在竞相学习中文。可以推出美国学生对学习汉语有很大的兴趣，故选 A 项。 33．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由倒数后三段“So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well.Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.”可知，因此，这位老思想家的思想仍然很活跃。今天的中国比以往任何时候都更吸引西 方，它需要更多的教师来向西方介绍孔子和中国文化。至于这位老思想家，即使是他的生日，他也 不会被西方人遗忘。由此可知，短文的最佳标题为“西方人也热衷学习孔子思想”。故选 D 项。 34．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了外国人对中国文化的兴趣越来越浓，对于孔子的思想也越来越感 兴趣。由此判断出短文很有可能是新闻报道的内容。故选 C 项。 35．C 36．A 37．D 38．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。 35．细节理解题。根据第一段 The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. 可知，沉默的含义因文化群体而异，交 谈中的沉默也可能表示固执、不安或担忧。所以作者认为谈话中的沉默是有文化特性的。故选 C 项。 36．细节理解题。根据第二段中 Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing 可知，许多印第安人珍视沉默， 认为这是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。因此，当一个来 自其中一种文化的人说话时突然停下来，暗示说话者想要倾听者在继续之前思考一下所说过的话。 所以中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是为了让别人思考。故选 A 项。 37．细节理解题。根据末段末句 A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients 可知，了解沉默的治疗价值的护士可以利用这种了解来帮 助护理病人。所以作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选 D 。 38．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups”可知， 沉默的含义 因文化群体而异。以及先问介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义。所以短文的最佳 标题是“沉默意味着什么”。故选 B 。 39．C 40．B 41．B 42．D 【解析】文章是主要讲的是探索新的教学和学习语言的方法。Electronic Village 提供了四种课程计划 供用户选择。这四种课程分别针对有不同需要的人。 39．细节理解题。根据“for students to learn vocabulary”可知答案，Nearpod 软件能够为用户提供丰富 的语言环境来练习词汇。故选 C。 40．细节理解题。根据“Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses...”可知，Prezi 为用户提供听力 和口语方面的课程，其对应的房间是 602。选 D。 41．细节理解题。根据“Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests”可知，Kahoot 软件为用户 创建语法测试，来评估用户的语法技能。选 B。 42．细节理解题。根据“The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO.”可知，TEO 的嘉宾将使用例子来解释如何进行网络教学， 时间是下午两点到三点。选 C。 43．B 44．C 45．B 46．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。 43．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知，当世界以依 靠狩猎为生的人组成的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式……当世界 上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了 12,000 种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选 B。 44．猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的 dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在快速替代其他语言。由此推知 dominant languages 意为“强有力的语言”。故选 C。 45．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的 At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和 The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有 6800 种语言，但是讲的人数少于 6000 人的占一半即 3400。故选 B。 46．主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行 了几千年，但最近语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选 C。 点睛：长难句解读 In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 分析：dominant 前的 and 连接两个并列句，all 和前面的名词短语 trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications 是同位语。 句意：在最近的几个世纪，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的普及，尤其是过去几 十年来，全球化和更好的交流，这些都导致许多语言消失。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语等主流语 言正日益占据主导地位。 47．D 48．E 49．C 50．G 51．F 【解析】本文介绍了东西方文化的起源和发展，以及它们之间的差异。 47．考查过渡句。上文说东西方文化真的有很大不同，D 项说明了原因，符合语境。故选 D 项。 48．考查承上启下句。根据“Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers—the Yellow River in China and the Indus River in India”可知，中国的母亲河是黄河，而印度的母亲河则是印度河。E 项与上句为 承接关系，其中 They 指代的是黄河和印度河。故选 E 项。 49．考查承上启下句。C 项中的 these two 与上文中提到的古罗马文化和古希腊文化相对应。故选 C 项。 50．考查主旨句。空处为本段段首句。空后内容讲述的是东西方文化采用了不同的语言体系。这是 两种文化的又一不同之处。综合选项可知，G 项符合语境，引出下文。 51．考查承上启下句。根据上一句“The differences are everywhere”可知，本句应进一步论述它们的影 响。分析选项可知，F 项符合语境。 52．an53．which54．months55．for56．most effective57．really58．sounds 59．reading60．their61．learned 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了轻松积累词汇的几种方法。 52．考查冠词。句意：和生活中许多事情一样，积累词汇也是一个不断发展的过程。由语境可知填“一 个”，欧宁以元音音素开头， “一个”用不定冠词 an 表示泛指。故填 an。 53．考查定语从句关系词。句意：通过分析句子结构可知，_______means you'll just keep getting better and better.是定语从句，空白处所填的词指代逗号前的 there’s enough room for improvement，which 在 句中为关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，并在句中作主语。故填 which。 54．考查名词单复数。句意：你认为青少年时期几个月的记忆锻炼不够。month 为可数名词，且由 a few 可知 month 应用复数形式。故填 months。 55．考查介词。句意：几个月的记忆锻炼对于余生是不够的。be enough for sth 对······已足够。故填 介词 for。 56．考查形容词最高级。句意：读好书是扩大词汇量最有效的方法之一。此处要表达的是“最有效的 方法之一”，因此填 most effective。 57．考查词性转换。句意：你需要一周至少真正读一本书。此处应用副词修饰动词 read，因此填 really。 58．考查谓语动词。句意：这件事并不像听起来那么难。描述的是一般事实，而且主语为 it，因此 用 sound 的一般现在时第三人称单数形式。故填 sounds. 59．考查非谓语动词。句意：你在阅读一篇有趣的文学故事时增长词汇量。逻辑主语 you 与动词 read 为主动关系，故用现在分词 reading ... 作状语；也可视为状语从句 while you are reading... 的省略形 式。故填 reading。 60．考查代词。句意：另一个好处是你不知不觉中学习到了新词和它们的用法。use 在此处是名词， 故用形容词性物主代词 their 作定语。故填 their。 61．考查非谓语动词。句意：你自然会在对话中使用这些词汇。learned / learnt 作后置定语修饰 words， 表示“已学过的词”， words 与 learn 是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。故填 learned/learnt。 【点睛】 语法填空分有提示词和无提示词两类。本篇语法填空题的设空有提示词的 7 个,无提示词的 3 个。因 此,有提示词类是高考语法填空测试的重点。1.有提示词的都是实词,要求用括号里所给词的适当形式 填空。所给词包括动词、形容词、名词和代词四类, 2.无提示词。包括（冠词、介词、连词、从句关 系词）。例如：一. 动词的形态变化，即时态（重点考察一般过去时，一般现在时）、被动语态、虚 拟语气、祈使句和非谓语动词（v-ing, v-ed, to do 作主语、状语、定语（前置、后置定语）等 This isn’t as hard as it___7___(sound),根据前面的谓语 isn’t 得知描述的是一般事实，主语为第三人称 it，因此用 sound 的一般现在时也要用第三人称单数形式。故填 sounds.because you improve your vocabulary while___8___(read) an interesting piece of literature.前后主语一致，逻辑主语 you 与动词 read 为主动关 系，故用现在分词 reading ... 作状语；也可视为状语从句 while you are reading... 的省略形式，省略 主语和 be 动词。故填 reading。you will tend to use the words___10___(learn)this way in conversations almost automatically.前面有谓语动词，划线动词和前一句没有连词，可以判定出填非谓语形式。learned / learnt 作后置定语修饰 words，表示“已学过的词”， words 与 learn 是被动的关系，因此用过去分词。 62． 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者年轻时中文差，在老师的帮助下，经过努力，最终中文变成了自己的优势。 1.考查冠词。句意：当我年轻的时候，我的中文非常差。此处 Chinese 指“汉语”，故把前面的 the 去 掉。 2. 考查动名词。Be afraid of expressing myself was one of the reasons why I rarely did well in school.句中 没有主语，动词原形 be 不能做主语，应该用动名词做主语，故把 Be 改成 Being。 3. 考查定语从句。分析从句可知，从句不去补缺少句子成分，所以先行词 reasons 在定语从句中只能 作原因状语，所以用关系副词 why。故把 that 改为 why。 4.考查虚拟语气。句意：我意识到如果我听了老师更细心的话，事情会变得更好。此处是 if 引导的 虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，所以 if 条件句用过去完成时态，故在 listened 前加 had。 5.考查副词。副词修饰动词，故把 attentive 改成 attentively。 6.考查固定搭配。turn to sb. for help 转过身来向某人求助，故把 helps 改成 help。 7.考查代词。句意：如果我们/你们致力于学习汉语，我们/你们就能成功。前后主语不一致，要改成 一致。故把 we 改成 you 或者把后半句的 you 改为 we。 8.考查比较级。我完全同意。否定词和比较级连用表示最高级的意思，故把 much 改成 more。 9.考查名词。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故把 expect 改成 expectation(s)。 10.考查固定词组。be grateful to sb.对某人感激，故把 for 改成 to。 【点睛】 “否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义，也是一种强调。I couldn’t find a better answer.这个答案是最好的。 本题第 8 小题就是考查比较级的这一用法。 63．Dear Leslie, I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and you are interested in Chinese culture. Now I'll tell you the next learning programme. On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are interested in in the Lecture Hall. As a foreign learner, it is difficult for you to understand the true meaning and the culture of them. Therefore, before class, you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. Be sure to go to the Lecture Hall on time. You cannot miss the wonderful poems. Best wishes. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。 随着时代的发展，电子邮件越来越受广大中学生的欢迎，所以写电子邮件是中学生经常做的事，这 种形式的写作贴近学生生活，使他们感到熟悉。根据提示可知，本篇为一封信件；假定你是李华， 正在教你的英国朋友 Leslie 学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。考生成文时应注意：1. 要 点要齐全：（1）时间和地点；（2）内容：学习唐诗；（3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。2. 时态： 以一般现在时为主；3. 人称：第二人称为主；4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。5. 适 当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。 【点睛】 范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如宾语 从句 I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and you are interested in Chinese culture.定语从句 On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are interested in in the Lecture Hall.非谓语动词 Therefore, before class, you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. 全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明， 上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。