高中英语Great scientists预习学案

高中英语Great scientists预习学案

Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists预习学案 一．目标聚焦 ‎1、了解著名医生约翰·斯诺、钱学森、哥白尼等科学家。‎ ‎2、学会使用表示描述人物的句型 ‎3. 学习过去分词作定语和表语的结构 二．走进课文 ‎1. Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.‎ ‎---John Snow began to test two theories.‎ ‎---An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.‎ ‎--- John Snow marked the deaths on a map.‎ ‎---He announced that the water carried the disease.‎ ‎---John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.‎ ‎---King Cholera was defeated.‎ ‎---He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.‎ ‎---He had the handle removed from the water pump.‎ ‎2. Read the passage and answer these questions.‎ John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without map? give a reason.‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ Cholera was a 19th century disease. what disease do you think is similar to cholera today? why?‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ 三．句式点击 ‎1. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.‎ with this extra evidence 有了这个额外的证据；with certainty 肯定地，有把握地 ‎ 在句中作状语，相当于副词.‎ that 引导宾语从句 polluted 过去分词作定语 ‎2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.‎ ‎ terrified 过去分词作定语 every time 短语充当连词作用，还有 the moment/ minute /second; the first / second … last time; immediately/instantly/ directly eg: The first time I went abroad I could hardly understand what the foreigners said.‎ ‎ The moment I saw him, I knew what had happened.‎ ‎3. It seemed that the water was to blame.‎ ‎ be ﹢动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事 ‎ be to blame 应该负责；应受责备 ‎ eg: No one is to leave this building without the permission of the police.‎ ‎ You are not to drop litter in this park. 公园里不许乱丢垃圾。‎ ‎ Who is to blame for the fire?‎ ‎ Who is to be responsible for this?‎ ‎4. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.‎ ‎ only ﹢加状语放于句首时，主句用部分倒装。‎ eg: Only a week later did I receive an answer from her.‎ ‎ Only when you are forty and looking back will you realize that you haven’t done your best.‎ 拓展：only if 可译为“只有”‎ eg: Only if you study hard, will you pass the test.‎ ‎ Make a call only if it is important.‎ ‎5. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.‎ ‎ To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.‎ ‎ suggest 当暗示，表明时，从句用陈述语气。‎ ‎ 当建议讲时，从句用虚拟语气 (should) ﹢do ‎ eg: I suggested that he give up smoking.‎ 四．语法分析：过去分词作定语和表语 课文原句：‎ He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.‎ But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.‎ 过去分词作定语：‎ 意义：过去分词含有被动和完成的意思，不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成 a broken heart ‎ a ploughed field ‎ a risen sun 已升起的太阳 位置：单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词前；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在后面。‎ polluted water ‎ death caused by the accident ‎ a broken glass a glass broken by the boy 特别提示：‎ 有些词像left剩下的, given（所给的）, concerned（有关的） 等，习惯上作后置定语，如 ‎ standing room left ‎ ‎ the people concerned 有关人士 ‎ ‎ the book given 所给的书籍 当所修饰的词是由some/ any /nothing/nobody…所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，通常放在其后。如：‎ There has been nothing changed since I left Harbin two years ago.‎ 区别：过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语 语态不同：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表被动. 如 surprising news ‎ surprised listeners an exciting movie ‎ excited children ‎ The teacher told his students a lot of interesting stories.‎ She is interested in Chinese.‎ 时间关系上不同：现在分词表动作正在进行；过去分词表动作已经完成。如 the changing world 正在发生变化的世界 the changed world 已经改变了的世界 boiling water ‎ boiled water ‎ developing countries developed countries 过去分词作表语：‎ 意义：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。‎ 如 she looked disappointed.‎ ‎ we were encouraged at the news.‎ 用于被动语态，表示主语所承受的动作。如 ‎ the book is well written.‎ ‎ the lake is badly polluted.‎ 五．单词、短语突破 ‎1. Characteristic n.﹠adj.‎ ‎ n.特征；特性 ‎ What characteristics distinguish the Americans and Canadians?‎ ‎ 特有的，典型的 ‎ ‎ With the Characteristic generosity, he offered to buy tickets for all of us.‎ ‎2. conclude vt. ﹠vi结束；推论出；议定，决定 ‎ 常用于以下结构：‎ conclude with sth.用……结束某事 conclude sth. from sth.从……推断出 conclude to do sth.决定做某事 conclude that -clause决定 拓展：conclusion draw a conclusion 得出结论 make a conclusion得出结论 bring … to a conclusion 使结束；谈定买卖等 come to the conclusion that …所得到的结论 arrive at / come to / reach a conclusion得出结论，告一段落 in conclusion ＝ to conclude 最后，总之 attend vt. 照顾，护理；出席；参加 I have to attend my sick son.‎ will you attend the meeting tomorrow?‎ expose vt. 显露；暴露；揭露 She exposed a set of perfect white teeth when she smiled.‎ The soil was washed away by the flood, exposing the bare rock.‎ expose … to …‎ He exposed his skin to the sun.‎ cure n.﹠vt.‎ 治愈；痊愈 n.‎ there is still no cure for the common cold.‎ 治疗；治愈vt.‎ Can you cure me of my cold?‎ ‎ When I left hospital I was completely cured.‎ absorb vt. 吸引；吸收；使专心 Black clothing absorbs light.‎ The task absorbed all his energies.‎ be absorbed in ＝ absorb oneself in 全神贯注于 The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.‎ instruct vt.命令，指示，教导 the manager instructed us about our duties on the first day. ‎ he doesn’t instruct us where to go.‎ 派生词：instruction n.指导；指令 ‎ instructions n. 说明，操作指南 link… to … 将……和……连接或联系起来（常用被动语态表示状态）‎ The island is linked to the mainland by a new bridge.‎ Heart disease can be linked to smoking.‎ 拓展join… to把……和……连接起来 connect… with 将……和……连接