2020届二轮复习英语专题辅导专题4语法填空教师课件2

2020届二轮复习英语专题辅导专题4语法填空教师课件2

第 2 讲 　 非谓语动词 　　所给提示词是动词时 , 若句中已有谓语动词 , 又不是并列谓语时 , 则要考虑填非谓语动词。此时需要考虑非谓语动词的形式、提示词与逻辑主语的关系以及固定结构等。 技法 1 　提示词为动词时 , 根据句法功能确定非谓语动词形式 1. 【解析 】 to perform 。考查非谓语动词。形容词后常跟不定式作状语。 2. 【解析 】 saying 。考查非谓语动词。结合句意分析句子结构可知 _________(say)she was short-listed 作定语修饰前面的名词 a call, 且与 a call 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系 , 故使用 v. -ing 形式。   3. 【解析 】 being 。考查非谓语动词。 for 为介词 , 故其后的动词应用 v. -ing 形式。 【技法点金 】 1. 铭记非谓语动词的句法功能 2. 非谓语动词句法功能和特别注意事项 : (1) 作主语或宾语时 , 如果表示的是抽象的一般性动作 , 应用动名词 ; 如果表示的是具体的动作 , 要用不定式。 ※ Smoking is prohibited here. 这里禁止抽烟。 ※ To smoke so much is not very good for your health. 你抽这么多烟对你的身体很不好。 (2) 作表语时 , 表示“令人 …… 的” , 要用 -ing 形式 ; 表示“感到 …… 的” , 要用 -ed 形式。 ※The story sounds interesting and I’m interested in it. 这个故事听起来很有趣 , 我对它很感兴趣。 (3) 作目的状语、出乎意料的结果或表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后应用不定式。 ※She was surprised to see George walk in. 看到乔治进来 , 她很惊讶。 (4) 作时间、原因、伴随、条件、方式或意料之内的结果 , 且表示主动时 , 应用现在分词。 ※He turned off the lamp, seeing nothing. 他熄了灯 , 结果什么也看不见了。 (5) 作时间、原因、条件等状语 , 且表示被动时 , 应用过去分词。 ※ Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. 由于受到所取得的进步的鼓舞 , 他学习更努力了。 【易错警示 】 句法功能不明 , 不定式和现在分词错用 ① He got up early and hurried to the bus station, _________(catch) the first bus.   ②( 变式 )He got up early and hurried to the bus station, _________(find) the first bus had gone.   【剖析 】 　　题 ①catch 是意料之内的结果 , 应用现在分词 , 故填 catching; 题 ② 中的 find 是意料之外的结果 , 应用不定式 , 故填 to find 。 【过关检测 】 1. (2018 · 全国卷 Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __________(improve) water quality.   2. (2017 · 浙江 6 月高考 )Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring _______(cook)a meal.   to improve to cook 3. The response came after inquiries poured in over the last two days ________(follow) news report claiming Cambridge started accepting China’s gaokao scores. 4. (2019 · 绵阳三诊 )The worms can make farmers lose their profits. To make things worse, they are difficult _______(fight).   following to fight 5. (2019 · 武汉二模 )Children receive red envelopes filled with money and inspiring messages from elders and are often allowed to stay up late to watch the ________ (amaze) fireworks shows. amazing 6. (2019 · 唐山二模 ) _______(drive) to the suburbs, fishing in a lake or enjoying the singing bird will make for a perfect weekend in spring. Driving 技法 2 　提示词为动词时 , 根据逻辑关系确定非谓语动词形式 1. 【解析 】 listening 。分析句子结构可知 , 句子中已经出现了谓语动词 , 且句子中没有连词 , 故所填词语为非谓语动词形式 , 且与其逻辑主语 we 之间为主动关系 , 故用现在分词形式作伴随状语。 2. 【解析 】 marked 。分析句子结构可知 , mark on 22 April 是非谓语动词作 Earth Day 的定语 , mark 和 Earth Day 之间是被动关系 , 应用过去分词表被动。 【技法点金 】 通晓逻辑主语的作用 1. 确定非谓语动词用动词 -ing 形式还是动词 -ed 形式 若逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主动关系 , 则用动词 -ing 形式 ; 若逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是被动关系 , 则用动词 -ed 形式。 ※ Travelling around the city, the man felt uncomfortable because of the noise. 在城市里旅游 , 这个男士因为噪音而感觉不舒服。 ※Seriously injured , she had to be sent to hospital at once. 由于受伤严重 , 她需要立刻被送往医院。 2. 确定非谓语动词用主动语态还是被动语态 如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用主动形式 ; 若为动宾关系则用被动形式。 ※The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. 明天要举行的会议很重要。 【易错警示 】 混淆逻辑主语 , 非谓语动词形式误用 ① _________ (see) from this point, the problem presents no easy solution.   ②( 变式 )_________(see) from this point, we find no easy solution to the problem.   【剖析 】 　　题 ① 中非谓语动词 see 的逻辑主语是 the problem, 两者之间是被动关系 , 应用过去分词 Seen 。题 ② 中非谓语动词 see 的逻辑主语是 we, 两者之间是主动关系 , 应用现在分词 Seeing 。 【过关检测 】 1. (2018 · 全国卷 Ⅱ)China’s approach to protecting its environment while _______(feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. feeding 2. (2019 · 泸州三诊 ) ________(run) a centuries-old folk art family workshop named Tongshunde , Yang has carved all kinds of images, including flowers, birds, mountains, rivers and traditional Chinese gods. Running 3. (2019 · 湖州一模 )The film, _______(direct) by Chinese director Lu Chuan, was also screened at the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in Washington DC that same day. 4. The western section is a private dwelling, _________ (consist) of an inner and an outer house. directed consisting 5. In the heavens there was a real dragon. It was very happy _______(hear) that Ye Gong was so fond of dragons.   to hear 技法 3 　提示词为动词时 , 根据固定用法确定非谓语动词形式 1. 【解析 】 looking 。 avoid 后应接动名词作宾语。 2. 【解析 】 to prove 。 want 意为“想”时 , 其后应用不定式作宾语。 3. 【解析 】 to stay 。 allow sb. to do sth . 允许某人做某事。 【技法点金 】 牢记非谓语动词的固定用法 1. 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词 ( 短语 ): 喜欢考虑不避免 (enjoy, consider, escape, avoid) 不禁放弃太冒险 (cannot help, give up , risk) 感激承认很值得 (appreciate, admit , be worth) 介意想象莫推延 (mind, imagine, delay, put off) 允许完成是期望 (allow, permit, finish, look forward to) 建议继续勤操练 (suggest, go on, practise ) 致力原谅要坚持 (be devoted to, excuse , insist on) 继续成功不错过 (keep on, succeed in, miss) ※He tried to avoid answering my questions. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。 2. 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词 ( 短语 ) 三个希望两答应 (hope, wish, expect, agree, promise) 两个要求莫拒绝 (demand, ask, refuse) 设法学会做决定 (manage, learn, decide/determine) 不要假装在选择 (pretend, choose/select) 打算提出俩计划 (intend, offer, plan, mean) 申请失败负担起 (apply, fail, afford) 准备愿望又碰巧 (prepare, desire, happen) This is the reason why he refused to accept the fact. 这就是为什么他不想接受这个事实的原因。 3. 只能跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词 ( 短语 ) (1) 带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词 : ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach 等。 (2) 不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语 : 使役动词 (make, let, have); 感官动词 (see, watch, observe, hear, notice) ※Father will not allow us to play in the street. 父亲不允许我们在街上玩耍。 4. with 复合结构中宾语补足语的比较 ※The old woman used to tell stories under the tall tree, with her grandchildren seated around and listening attentively. 那位老太太过去常常在那棵大树下讲故事 , 她的孙儿们会围坐在周围专注地听着。 5. 有些永远固定的非谓语动词形式的结构 considering that 鉴于 , 考虑到 ; judging by/from 从 …… 来看 ; supposing/providing/provided/assuming that. . . 假定 , 假设 ; compared with/to 与 …… 相比 ; generally speaking 一般来说 ; to be honest 老实说 ; to tell you the truth 说实话 ; to be frank 坦率地说 ; to make matters worse 情况更为糟糕的是。 6. 若非谓语动词在下列结构中 , 则只能用不定式 so. . . as to. . . ; such. . . as to. . . ; enough to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; the+ 序数词 /next/only/last+ 名词 +to do. . . 以及 it+takes + 时间 +to do sth . 等结构。 ※Yet it is amazing that the film is funny enough to earn laughter from beginning to end. 然而令人吃惊的是 , 这部电影如此可笑以至于从头到尾都有笑声。 【易错警示 】 混用非谓语动词的习惯用法 ① Steve Brusatte led the study. He said the new species had hundreds of sharp teeth. It looks somehow “strange” _________(compare) to anything today.   ②We two black boys stood staring at each other, _________(compare) the motives of the absent white man.   【剖析 】 　　题 ① 中空格处的句意是“与现今任何事比起来” , 并不表示这个动作真正发生了 , compared to 为固定搭配 , 所以填 compared 。题 ② 中空格处意思是“琢磨 / 衡量着那位不在场的白人的动机” , 表示具体的动作 , 与所在句子主语为主动关系 , 所以填 comparing 。 【过关检测 】 1. (2019 · 全国卷 Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take _____(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.   to get 2. (2018 · 全国卷 Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _____(die) early by running. dying 3. (2018 · 浙江 6 月高考 ) I still remember _______(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years. 4. (2017 · 全国卷 Ⅰ)They are required _________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.   visiting to process 5. (2017 · 全国卷 Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16- year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ______(rest). resting