2020-2021年高三英语一轮复习易错题《名词性从句》

2020-2021年高三英语一轮复习易错题《名词性从句》

2020-2021 年高三英语一轮复习易错题《名词性从句》 易错题：连接代词 what 的用法 （2020·浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。 【问诊】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎 物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语， 所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填 what。 【答案】what 【叮嘱】what 可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾 语补足语等。它引导名词性从句时有两个意思：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示 “……所……的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。 Our teachers always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想要成功，要相信我们所做的事情和我们是谁。 变式练习 1.（2020·天津卷）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said. A. that B. what C. when D. where 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个 实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said 作 make 的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作 said 的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用 what 引导该从句。故选 B。 2. 【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how 表方 式，when 表时间，where 表地点，why 表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合 句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用 where 引导。C 选项正确。 3.【2017·江苏】 We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge. A. that B. which C. what D. how 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词性从句的引导词。＂half of _________ it used to charge＂是$20 的同位语， 即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of 后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里 是宾语从句；宾语从句中的 charge 后面缺少宾语，所以用 what 来引导宾语从句，并充当宾 语从句的宾语，故选 C。 易错题：连接副词 【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go. 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是对句子结构不清楚。 【问诊】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这 里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用 where。 【答案】where 【叮嘱】引导名词性从句的连接副词有 when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever 等， 它们均在从句中作状语。 I have no idea when she will be back. 我不知道她何时回来。 I've been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting. 我一直考虑我们如何能使报纸更有趣。 That's why I want you to work there. 那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。 Wherever he goes makes his parents worry. 他无论去哪儿父母都担心。 变式练习 1.【2018·北京】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how 表方 式，when 表时间，where 表地点，why 表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合 句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用 where 引导。C 选项正确。 2.【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived. A. where B. when C. why D. how 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分 析 which 引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词 how 引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选 D。 易错题：同位语从句 【2019·江苏卷】Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body. A. what B. that C. which D. where 【错因】本题容易出错的主要原因是同位语从句用法不熟。 【问诊】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从 句不缺句子成分，且与 evidence 指代的是同一事件，用 that 引导同位语从句。故选 B。 【答案】B 【叮嘱】 同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容的从句。所以它总是跟在某一个名词的后面。该名 词被称作先行词。 1. 同位语从句的连接词 同位语从句的连接词主要有 that, whether, why, who, where, how, when 等。在同位语从句中 that, whether 不作成分，that 无实际意义，whether 表示“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时 在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。 The report that he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的报道是假的。 There’s some doubt whether John will come on time. 对约翰是否会准时到还有一些怀疑。 2. 可跟同位语从句的名词 不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有： advice 建议 belief 信念 fact 事实 hope 希望 idea 主意 news 消息 opinion 观点 order 命令 promise 诺言 question 问题 reply 答复 report 报道 thought 想法 truth 事实 warning 警告 The problem why the earth is becoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion. 地球为什么变得越来越暧这一问题仍在讨论之中。 3. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。 He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 他从玛丽那里获知了运动 会被推迟的消息。 4. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位 语从句中的 that 是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特 征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年 将出国。） （第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。） （同位语从句，that 在句中不作任何成分） 变式练习 1.【2019·新课标 I 卷】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 【答案】that 【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为 there be 句型，且结构完整，空 格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词 evidence 的内容，故填 that。 2.【2016·天津】The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. A. whether B. that C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。此处使用同位 语从句说明 suggestion 的内容，而且同位语从句的成分和意思都是完整的，故用 that 引导， that 不作成分，只起连接作用。故选 B。 易错题：whoever，whatever, whomever, whichever 与 who，what，whom，which 的区别 【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded _______to wins the first place in the bicycle race. A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是对句子结构不清楚。 【问诊】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分 析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用 whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选 C。 【答案】C 【叮嘱】 whatever 意为“任何(事物)，无论什么东西”，相当于 anything that，可引导名词性从句 或让步状语从句，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语或定语，表示无范围的选择 what 可引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，表示无范围的选择 whoever 意为“任何人”，相当于 anyone who，可以引导名词性从句或让步状语从句， 在名词性从句中作主语或宾语，表示无范围的选择 who 可引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，通常保留疑问的含义，即“谁”。 whomever 意为“任何人；无论是谁”，可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句，在名词性从 句中作宾语 whom 可引导名词性从句，在从句中作宾语，意为“谁” whichever 意为“无论哪个/哪些”，可引导名词性从句或让步状语从句，表示有范围的选 择 which 可引导名词性从句，意为“哪一个”，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语， 表示有范围的选择 变式练习 1.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race. A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever 【答案】C 【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分 析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用 whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选 C。 2.【2017·北京】 Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever 【答案】B 【解析】A. whatever 任何事 B. whoever 任何人 C. whomever 任何人 D. whichever 无论哪 个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语 从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除 A、D，因为需要作主语， 只能用主格代词 who+ever，故选 B。 易错题通关 错 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1．I truly believe__that__beauty comes from within. 解析：考查名词性从句引导词。从句部分不缺少任何成分也不缺意思。因此用只起连接作用 的 that。 2．Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for __what__Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 解析：考查宾语从句中引导词的选择。分析语境可知，此处是介词 for 后接了宾语从句。从 句中缺少 achieved 的宾语，故要用 what 来引导。句意：读她的传记，我对多丽丝·莱辛在文 学上所取得的成就钦佩不已。 3．A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not __what__ ships are built for. 解析：what 引导表语从句，在从句中作介词 for 的宾语。句意：船停泊在港口里是安全的， 但那可不是造船的目的。 4．If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate __what__ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 解析：investigate 后面是宾语从句，从句中缺主语，故用 what。句意：如果你在河里或湖里 游泳，一定要调查一下水面下的东西。经常会有石头或树枝藏在水中。 5．The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to check__whether/if__the bag had 50 gold coins. 解析：句意：……他把包还给了 Sam，请他检查包内是否有 50 个金币。 6．He has heart disease. That is__because__he has been smoking too much. 解析：句意：他有心脏病，这是由于他一直吸烟造成的。 7．People who visited me used to ask me__how__I could sleep.“Doesn't the sound of the traffic bother you？How can you get used to so much noise？” 解析：句意：来看我的人过去常常问我怎么能睡得着……。 8．We know from the survey on cigarettes __that__ warning messages on product containers and in ads can affect consumption of potentially dangerous products. 解析：句意为：我们从关于香烟的调查了解到，在产品包装盒上和广告中的警告信息能够影 响潜在的危险产品的消费。know 后的宾语从句结构完整，因此用从属连词 that 引导。 9．Following the decline in house prices in many small and medium－sized cities, there are now signs __that__ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide. 解析：句意为：随着中小型城市房价的下跌，现在有迹象表明在大城市房价也可能有下滑的 趋势。signs 后是同位语从句，从句结构和意义完整，用从属连词 that 引导。 10．Tens of thousands of people marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, celebrating the 50th anniversary of King's famous speech, through which we know __what__ he said meant to the black. 解析：句意为：数以万计的人奔向马丁·路德·金纪念碑，庆祝他的那次著名的演讲发表 50 周年。通过这个演讲，我们知道他所说的对于黑人的意义。设空处引导宾语从句，并在从句 中作宾语，指“他所说的话”，故填 what。 11．New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are __that__ students have to be tested on Chinese, math, English and another three subjects as they prefer. 解析：句意为：浙江的高考新计划是考生必须参加语文、数学、英语和他们喜欢的其他三科 的考试。设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分和意义，故用 that 引导。 12．There is a strong possibility __that__ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future. 解析：句意为：人类在将来主要依靠太阳能是非常有可能的。设空后的从句句子结构完整， 不缺少成分，且是对 possibility 的进一步解释、说明，故设空处引导同位语从句，故填 that。 13．As John Lennon once said, life is __what__ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 解析：句意为：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说，生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生在你 身上的事情。设空处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语，故填 what。 14．__When__ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 解析：句意为：延误的航班将何时起飞主要取决于天气。分析句子结构可知，depends much on 是句子的谓语，________ the delayed flight will take off 是句子的主语，设空处引导主语从 句。根据句意，设空处在主语从句中作时间状语，故填 when。 15．__That__mathematics is one of the most useful sections in human knowledge is widely accepted. 解析：句意为：人们普遍认为数学是人类知识中最有用的部分之一。设空处引导主语从句且 从句中不缺任何成分，故用 that 引导。 16．The bride and groom gave __whoever__ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness. 解析：句意为：新娘和新郎给每个参加他们婚礼的人都送了礼物，来分享他们的幸福。设空 处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，意思是“凡是……的人”，相当于 anyone who，故用 whoever。 17．I couldn't imagine __how__difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital. 解析：句意为：我无法想像这些严重受伤的受害者能成功到达医院该有多么困难。设空处引 导宾语从句，空后是形容词 difficult，应该用 how 修饰，how difficult it was 意为“这是多么 困难”。 18．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's __where__ I was born.” 解析：句意为：“那就是我出生的地方，”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以 设空处应该是表地点，故用 where 引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。 19．Some people believe__whatever__has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 解析：句意为：一些人认为，无论是曾经发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情，都会在将 来重演。从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论……的事情”，故填 whatever。 20．—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea__why__he did it; that's one of his favorite universities. 解析：句意为：——迈克昨天真的拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取吗？——是的，可我不知道他为什 么那么做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。设空处引导同位语从句，用于解释说明 idea 的内容； 从句中缺少状语，根据句意此处表示原因，故用 why 引导。 Ⅱ. 语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 I like reading very much. My classmates' question is __1. when__ I began to love reading. Actually, I love reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university. What I meant was __2. that__ I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read. __3. That__ I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies. My love of reading was credited with the fact __4. that__ my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day. I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. It's not really surprising __5. that__ literature became my vocation. Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women's legends. Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university. __6. Whether__ there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot. Thanks to Jane Goodall, her research showed me the answer. She argued __7. that__ wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. After finishing her story, I still have some doubts __8. how__ she could achieve great success on her own in the forest. Lin Qiaozhi, a doctor, became a specialist in women's illnesses. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. __9. What__ made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. __10. Why__ she didn't choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now. Ⅲ. 单句改错 1．I didn't know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me. 答案与解析：what→which 此处表示“不知道该买哪一个”意义，故“疑问词＋不定式”结构 中的疑问词应用 which。 2．You want to know that everthing is going in our school. 答案与解析：that→how 宾语从句的引导词在从句中作状语，表示 go 的程度，表示“我们 学校的情况如何”，故用 how。 3．The problem is what the “Play” doesn't work at all. 答案与解析：what→that 表语从句的引导词在从句中不作成分，而且不表示意义，故用 that。 what 在名词性从句中需要作主语、宾语等。 4．There is no doubt whether I will achieve great progress in English learning with your assistance. 答案与解析：whether→that 否定句或疑问句中 doubt 后的从句用 that 引导，肯定句 doubt 后的从句用 whether/if 引导。There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”。 5．At that time, I just wondered that my mother was so delighted. 答案与解析：that→why 根据 wonder 判断，引导词表示“为什么”意义，故用 why。句子表 示“我不明白为什么妈妈那么高兴”。 6．Which is worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake. 答案与解析：Which→What What is worse 是固定用法，意为“更糟糕的是”。 7．I went up and asked what I could help them. 答案与解析：what→if/whether 宾语从句的引导词不需要在从句中作成分，再根据 ask 判 断句子的引导词表示疑问意义，故应为 if/whether。 8．As is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each year. 答案与解析：As→It 本句是一个 it 作形式主语，that 引导的从句作真正主语的句子，故改 为 it。如果用 as，则为 As is known to all, millions of graduates...。 9．That you should learn is how to write down the most important words, not the whole sentence. 答案与解析：That→What 主语从句的引导词需要在从句中作 learn 的宾语，故用 what。 10．The main reason for this was because my mother didn't know how to cook anything when she got married. 答案与解析：because→that was 后是表语从句且从句中不缺少成分，故用 that 引导。