2021届高考英语一轮语法复习专题10非谓语动词专练一含解析

2021届高考英语一轮语法复习专题10非谓语动词专练一含解析

‎2021高考英语一轮复习语法考点非谓语动词专练（一）‎ 一、基础达标测试（本题共20小题，每题1分，共20分）‎ ‎1.The teacher who volunteered          (teach) in the poor village school was spoken highly of by many people.‎ ‎【答案】 to teach ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事，固定搭配，所以空处动词需用其不定式形式。故填to teach.‎ ‎2.I wonder how ________ (solve) this problem.‎ ‎【答案】to solve ‎【解析】句意：我想知道如何解决这个问题。分析句子结构，此空考查疑问代词+动词不定式结构作宾语；此处由 how可知，how to do“如何.....”，此语境是“如何解决这个问题”。根据分析，故填to solve.‎ ‎3.__________(compete) more effectively with others, more and more people equip themselves with a higher education.‎ ‎【答案】To compete ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了更有效地与他人竞争，越来越多的人接受高等教育。此处表示目的，要用动词不定式，句首首字母要大写，故填To compete.‎ ‎4.When her mother came into her study, Mary pretended ________ (sleep).‎ ‎【答案】to be sleeping ‎【解析】考查动词不定式的进行式。分析句子结构，pretend to do为固定用法，设空处需填非谓语动词，结合语境“当她妈妈走进她的书房时，玛丽假装正在睡觉”可知，此处表示她妈妈进来的那个时间点Mary正在进行的行为，需用不定式的进行式。故填to be sleeping. 5.We hurried to the classroom only _______(find) none there.‎ ‎【答案】to find ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我们匆匆赶到教室，却发现那里一个人也没有。only+动词不定式表示预料之外的结果，故填to find.‎ ‎6. She asked us ________(attend) the meeting on time.‎ ‎【答案】​to attend ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：她要求我们准时参加会议。ask sb. to do sth.要求某人干某事。故填to 7‎ ‎ attend.‎ ‎7.Could you please remind me __________ (take) my camera tomorrow morning?‎ ‎【答案】to take ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：你能提醒我明天早上拿相机吗？remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人干某事。故填to take.‎ ‎8.His father is said ________ (work) in American four years ago.‎ ‎【答案】to have worked ‎【解析】考查不定式的完成式。句意：据说他的父亲四年前已经去美国工作了。be said to do固定短语“据说做某事”，分析句子结构可知，work动作发生在is said之前，所以用动词不定式的完成式to have done，故填to have worked.‎ ‎9.The house ________ (build) next month is intended for my father.‎ ‎【答案】to be built ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：下个月要建的房子是给我父亲的。因next month可知，房子还未建，故用to do不定式表示将来，the house与build之间是被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be built.‎ ‎10.In his attempt __________ (climb) the mountain, John fell and injured his backbone, which cost him the use of his legs.‎ ‎【答案】to climb ‎【解析】句意：约翰试图爬山时摔了一跤，伤到了脊椎骨，这使他失去了双腿。名词attempt后常接不定式做定语，故填to climb. 11.On arrival there ,they set about _________（perform）the experiment with the professor.‎ ‎【答案】performing ‎【解析】考查动名词。set about着手，开始做…...，固定短语，且about是介词，其后加perform的动名词形式。故填performing. 12.The committee ________________(consist) of ten experts will take charge of the investigation.‎ ‎【答案】consisting ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由十名专家组成的委员会将负责这项调查。句子有谓语动词will take charge of，这里需要非谓语动词；committee和consist是逻辑主谓关系，所以用现在分词作定语，consist of由……组成，无被动语态，故填consisting. ‎ 7‎ ‎13.________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.‎ ‎【答案】Absorbed ‎【解析】考查过去分词。句意：约翰沉浸在绘画中，没有注意到夜晚来临。be absorbed in固定搭配，意为“全神贯注于”，此处是省略形式，完整的表达是Because John was absorbed in painting，主从句的主语相同，从句中的连词、主语和be动词可以省略，句首首字母大写。故填Absorbed.‎ ‎14.The sales usually take place outside the house, with the audience ________ (seat) on chairs.‎ ‎【答案】seated ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词和with的复合结构。句意：销售通常在屋外进行，观众坐在椅子上。seat作为动词用时是及物动词，后面跟人。本题后面是一个with的复合结构，宾语是audience，其与seat之间是动宾关系，所以空处需用过去分词seated作宾补。故填seated. 15.It is no use __________(cry) over spilled milk .‎ ‎【答案】crying ‎【解析】考查动名词用法 。句意：覆水难收。习惯用法：It's no use doing sth.做某事是没有用的，it是形式主语，动名词作真正的主语，故填crying. 16.I am looking forward to ________ (invite) to the party to be held next week .‎ ‎【答案】being invited ‎【解析】考查动名词的被动形式。句意：我期待着被邀请参加下周举办的聚会。to为介词，look forward to doing sth.期待做某事，固定短语；主语I和动词invite之间是被动关系，需用being done的形式。故填being invited. 17.While shopping people sometimes can't help ______ (persuade) to buy something they don't really need.‎ ‎【答案】being persuaded ‎【解析】考查动名词的被动语态。句意：在购物的时候人们有时会忍不住被说服去买一些他们并不真正需要的东西。can't help doing忍不住做某事，为固定短语，此处动词persuade和主语people构成动宾关系，所以应使用动名词的被动语态，故填being persuaded. 18.Enough attention should be paid to ______ (improve) your pronunciation and intonation.‎ ‎【答案】improving ‎【解析】考查固定搭配和动名词。pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事，固定搭配，此处to是介词，其后需接动名词作宾语。故填improving. ‎ 7‎ ‎19.If you have trouble____________(learn)English you can turn to Professor Li for help.‎ ‎【答案】​learning ‎【解析】考查动名词。句意：如果你学英语有困难，你可以向李教授求助。固定搭配have trouble doing做......有困难，故填learning. 20.You can't imagine what great trouble they have _____ (solve) the problem.‎ ‎【答案】solving ‎【解析】考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难，固定搭配，所以空处动词需用其动名词形式。故填solving.‎ 二、真题实战演练（本题共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）‎ ‎1.（2019.全国卷I）Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area.‎ ‎【答案】to perform ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故填to perform.‎ ‎2.（2019.全国卷I）Scientists have responded by ______ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.‎ ‎【答案】noting ‎【解析】考查介词+doing的形式。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting.‎ ‎3.（2019.全国卷II）A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year” for _____ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】考查介词+doing的形式。根据其前介词for可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being.‎ ‎4.（2019.北京卷）Earth Day，______(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.‎ ‎【答案】marked ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked.‎ ‎5.（2018.全国卷I）You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.‎ ‎【答案】to see　‎ 7‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:你不必为了弄清跑步带来的好处而跑得很快、很久。由句意可知,此处在句中作目的状语,主语you与动词see为主动关系,故填不定式的主动式to see.‎ ‎6.（2018.全国卷II）The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality. ‎ ‎【答案】to improve　‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意:玉米产量增长的另一个原因是:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来提高水质。此处“提高水质”为鼓励农民种玉米的目的,故使用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to improve.‎ ‎7.(2017.全国卷Ⅰ)By　    (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎【答案】eating　‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。by在此处为介词,表示方式,故后面接动名词形式。故填eating.‎ ‎8.(2017.全国卷Ⅱ) This included digging up the road and 　     (lay) the track.‎ ‎【答案】laying　‎ ‎【解析】考查动名词的用法。空格处 　     (lay) the track与上文中的digging为并列的动名词作included的宾语。故填laying.‎ ‎9.(2016.全国卷II)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely (bring) your work home. ‎ ‎【答案】to bring ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词不定式的用法。句意：你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；故填to bring.‎ ‎10.(2016.全国卷III)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create)special designs.‎ ‎【答案】to create ‎ ‎【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。用不定式表示目的，故填to create.‎ 三、非谓语动词专项综合训练（本题共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）‎ America is a 1._________(develop) country. It has a history of more than 200 years. When it was founded，only men were permitted _2________(attend) school. Women could not get a higher education or hold public office.The women's place was considered to be at home.Women 7‎ ‎ _3_______(work)outside were not common.They usually had poor jobs and little respect to them. However，with time _4______(pass) by，colleges or universities 5.________(found) for women have increased. In the early part of the century，women were finally allowed 6. ‎ ‎________(vote)．During and since World War Ⅱ，women have been regarded as a necessary part of the country. Today，many women hold important positions or careers. But many women are not 7.________(satisfy) with their today's situation.They claim that they don’t get__8_______(pay) as the same as men for the same job. Some top positions___9_______（hold) by men in the past are still in men's hands.In many ways, women's life is still dominated by her husband or father. So there is still a long way for them 10._____(go)．‎ ‎1.【答案】developed ‎【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：美国是一个发达国家。Developing发展中的，developed发达的。根据常识，美国是一个发达国家，故填developed.‎ ‎2.【答案】to attend ‎【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：美国刚成立时只允许男子到学校上学。固定短语be permitted to do sth允许做某事，故填to attend.‎ ‎3.【答案】working ‎【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：妇女在外面工作并不常见。句子有谓语动词were not common，这里需要非谓语动词；women和work outside是逻辑主谓关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填working.‎ ‎4.【答案】passing ‎【解析】此题考查非谓语动词和with的复合结构。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，为妇女建立的大学或学院有所增加。本题后面是一个with的复合结构，宾语是time，其与pass之间是主谓关系，所以空处需用现在分词passing作宾补。故填passing.‎ ‎5.【答案】founded ‎【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：同上。句子有谓语动词have increased，这里需要非谓语动词；colleges or universities 和found for women是逻辑动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填founded.‎ ‎6.【答案】to vote ‎【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：在本世纪初，妇女终于可以投票选举。固定短语be allowed to do sth允许做某事，故填to vote.‎ 7‎ ‎7.【答案】satisfied ‎【解析】此题考查形容词词的用法。句意：但是许多妇女对她们今天的处境并不满意。固定短语be satisfied对。。。满意，satisfied是由过去分词转化成的形容词。故填satisfied.‎ ‎8.【答案】paid ‎【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：他们声称，在同一份工作中，他们得到的报酬与男人不一样。短语get paid表示“得到报酬，挣钱”。故填paid.‎ ‎9.【答案】held ‎【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：一些在过去由男性担任的高层职位现在仍然掌握在男性手中 。句子有谓语动词have increased，这里需要非谓语动词；Some top positions 和hold是逻辑动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填held.‎ ‎10【答案】to go ‎【解析】此题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：所以他们还有很长的路要走。短语a long way to go有很长一段路要走。故填to go.‎ 7‎