【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错设题技巧分析之三：词法八方面学案（8页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错设题技巧分析之三：词法八方面学案（8页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习短文改错设题技巧分析之三：词法八方面 考点设置都是根据冠词的用法从以下几个方面设置：1. 不定冠词a和an互改；2. 不定冠词a或an与定冠词the互改；3. 根据需要增删冠词。但是具体用什么样的冠词应该按照前后语境来判断，这很重要。‎ 例1：【2014辽宁】 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.‎ 答案与分析：a改为an。average是以元音因素开头的单词，要用冠词an。‎ 例2：【2015浙江】 I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.‎ 答案与分析：在in后面加a。in a hurry是固定用法。‎ 例3：【2015陕西】 There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.‎ 答案与分析：删掉of后的the。这里flowers和trees均为泛指，不用冠词。‎ 例4：【2015课标I】 Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.‎ 答案与分析：在第二个in后加the。in the countryside是固定用法。‎ 二：名词 主要考查名词的单复数形式。判断名词单复数有没有误用，主要依据名词前的限定词或谓语动词的单复数形式，以确定名词的单复数形式是否正确。‎ 例1：【2015课标I】The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.‎ 答案与分析：airs改为air。根据动词is可知，名词应用单数形式。‎ 例2：【2015陕西】Mum taught me some basic step of baking.‎ 答案与分析：step改为steps。step前有限定词some，所以名词用复数形式。‎ 例3：【2014四川】 Stay close to your teacher and classmate.‎ 答案与分析：classmate改为classmates。这里指班级的同学们，因此应该用复数形式。‎ 三：代词 代词包括人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。判断代词是否正确，一定要看代词代替文中什么样的名词，以及名词的单复数形式，并注意其使用规则。‎ 例1：【2015浙江】 Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them 答案与分析：them改为it。根据文中的park，可知应用it代替park。‎ 例2：【2015陕西】I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.‎ 答案与分析：anything 改为something。在肯定陈述句中，应该用something。‎ 例3：【2015课标I】Much rare animals are dying out.‎ 答案与分析：much改为many。这里的中心词是可数名词animals，many修饰可数名词；much修饰不可数名词。‎ 例4：【2015课标I】 We must find ways to protect your environment.‎ 答案与分析：your改为our。根据句意可知，我们必须找到方法来保护“我们的”环境。‎ 例5：【2012陕西】 It is such a great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing.‎ 答案与分析：me改为mine。这里考查名词性物主代词。‎ 例6：【2015四川】 In fact, I don’t like to go anymore, but I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship. How do you think I should do? If you were me, would you talk to them?‎ 答案与分析：How改为What。汉语里的“你认为我应该怎么做？”在英语里是“What do you think I should do?”。不要受汉语的负迁移，用错疑问词。‎ 四：介词 根据句子的结构以及介词的意思，判断介词在句中是否多用、少用或错用。‎ 例1：【2015课标I】 Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.‎ 答案与分析：on改为with。根据句意可知，短语with the development of industrialization意为“随着工业化的发展”，with 意为“随着”。‎ 例2：【2015课标II】Tony saw a toy on a shop window.‎ 答案与分析：on改为in。根据句意，应该是看到“橱窗里”的玩具。‎ 例3：【2015浙江】 My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass.‎ 答案与分析：from改为of。be made of是“由……制成（物理变化）”。‎ 例4：【2015陕西】My soccer coach retired in last week.‎ 答案与分析：删除in。last week前不需要加介词。‎ 五：形容词和副词 通常形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词或形容词。判断形容词或副词是否用错，看一下它在句中的功能。另外还要根据文章内容，确定形容词和副词是否是比较级形式。‎ 例1：【2014课标Ⅰ】We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!‎ 答案与分析：wonderfully改为wonderful。修饰名词时应用形容词。‎ 例2：【2015课标II】 Dad and I were terrible worried.‎ 答案与分析：terrible改为terribly。worried是形容词，因此需要用副词修饰。‎ 例3：【2015陕西】 I thought the biscuits were really well.‎ 答案与分析：well改为good。good意为“人的品质好”或“东西的质量好”，well作形容词时，意为“人的身体健康”。‎ 例4：【2015陕西】 My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.‎ 答案与分析：better改为best。作者认为自己的妈妈能做世界上最好的饼干，因此这里用形容词的最高级形式。‎ 六：动词短语 做题时，注意文章中没有动词短语，动词短语有没有用错，平时多记些动词短语，对做题有很大的帮助。‎ 例1：【2014浙江】 Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from its owner.‎ 答案与分析：searching后加for。这里考查动词短语的固定用法。‎ 例2：【2014课标Ⅱ】 We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music.‎ 答案与分析：listening后加to。这里考查动词短语的固定用法。‎ 七：动词的时态、语态 判断一个句子的时态和语态是否正确，要看以下几个方面：1. 动作发生的时间和状态; 2. 动作与主语的关系是主动还是被动；3. 时态的表达形式是否正确；4. 并列连词前后的时态是否一致；5. 主从句的时态是否一致等。‎ 例1：【2015四川】I was only four when she passes away.‎ 答案与分析：passes改为passed。根据I was only four可知，该句描述的是过去的事实，应用过去时。‎ 例2：【2014课标Ⅰ】 Since then — for all these years — we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.‎ 答案与分析：had改为have。根据时间状语since then可知，应该用现在完成进行时。‎ 例3：【2015课标I】Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.‎ 答案与分析：去掉been。这个句子意为“很多研究表明，全球变暖已经成了一个非常严重的问题”，因此句子应该用完成时态的主动语态。‎ 八：非谓语动词 首先分析句子结构，遇到动词时，判断该动词是不是谓语动词，如果这个动词前没有独立的主语，那么可能是非谓语动词。‎ 例1：【2015浙江】 The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.‎ 答案与分析：felt改为feel。在这个句子中，谓语动词是made，felt前是宾格me，因此可以断定felt没有主语，应该是非谓语动词。这里考查的是make sb. do sth.结构，因此应该用feel而不是felt。‎ 例2：【2015课标II】 We’ve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.‎ 答案与分析：sing改为singing。这里是singing作伴随状语。‎ 例3：【2015四川】 It’s been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.‎ 答案与分析：want后加to。want后面是动词不定式作宾语。want、decide等词后接动词不定式。‎ 例4：【2015陕西】 I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.‎ 答案与分析：just 后面加to。这里是动词不定式作目的状语。‎ 总之，在做短文改错题的时候，一定要细心读、认真看，只要有牢固的英语语言知识功底，加上平时的练习，就能明察秋毫，把错误准确地挑出来，加以改正。‎ 典题演练 ‎【一】‎ Dear Li Hua,‎ I’m pretty delighting to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. I’ve been thinking about a question you asked me. In your opinion, you should come back before you finish your study abroad. For one reason, what you are studying is bad needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a good job. As a matter of fact, a great many of big companies in our city are hoping to employ people as you. For other reason, it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parent as they are getting old. Therefore, I think it’s a good idea for you to return. So what are you waiting?‎ Best wishes!‎ John 答案：1.delighting--delighted 2. a question---the question 3. your opinion---my opinion 4. before---after 5. bad--badly 6. many of中of去掉 7.as you--like you 8.other reason--another reason 9. your parent---your parents 10.waiting 后添加for ‎【二】‎ ‎ I have been away from my hometown for more than ten years.I heard of that great changes have taken place here.In the past,there used to being a clear river running through it.People worked hard all year round but live ‎ a poor life.Now people's dream of living a richer life have come true.Tall buildings can be seen somewhere,but pollution is also becoming more seriously.To our happy,people have realized most important task is to protect the environment.I believe the future of your hometown will be better and better.‎ 答案：第2句：heard of中of去掉； here改为there.‎ ‎ 第3句：being改为be ‎ 第4句：live改为lived’‎ ‎ 第5句：have改为has ‎ 第6句：somewhere改为everywhere;seriously改为serious ‎ 第7句：happy改为happiness; most前加the ‎ 末句：your改为my.‎