【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案十三：　健康

【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案十三：　健康

‎2020届二轮复习 阅读理解专题话题训练学案十三：　健康 Part A　Reading　‎ Passage 1‎ 题材:睡眠问题　词数:304　建议时间:8分钟 Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early.Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7 to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.‎ How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours.For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的).But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10 to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours.And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime?Watch TV.‎ ‎“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone,” says Dr.Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School.She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.Other ‎ experts say part of the problem is chemical.Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.‎ Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to.Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am.Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.‎ ‎1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?‎ A.American kids’ sleeping habits.‎ B.Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.‎ C.Activities to prevent sleeplessness.‎ D.Learning problems and lack of sleep.‎ ‎2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?‎ A.7 hours. B.8 hours.‎ C.10 hours. D.18 hours.‎ ‎3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?‎ A.They are affected by certain body chemicals.‎ B.They tend to do things that excite them.‎ C.They follow their parents’ examples.‎ D.They don’t need to go to school early.‎ Passage 2‎ 题材:健康生活　词数:192　建议时间:9分钟 ‎“You are what you eat,” goes the common English saying.But actually, you are what you drink.Why? Because 75 percent of your body is water!　1　When we don’t give our bodies enough water, our organs cannot work properly.We are also easier to catch diseases.When we are sick, drinking plenty of water should be one of the first things we do.　2　 ‎ Is your body asking for more water?‎ If you experience headaches, sleeplessness, allergies (过敏) or dizziness (头昏眼花), your body might be telling you to drink more water.‎ ‎　3　Even problems such as nervousness or forgetfulness can be caused by lack of water.In addition, the medicines that treat these illnesses can sometimes dry out your body further.The more water you are lacking in, the worse your health will be—no matter how much medicine you take.　4　 ‎ Helpful tips Try these tips to help yourself drink more water.‎ ‎•Don’t wait until you are thirsty to drink.　5　 ‎ ‎•Plan to have enough water.‎ ‎•Carry a bottle of pure water with you wherever you go.‎ ‎•Don’t hesitate by frequent trips to the toilet.‎ A.Drink water regularly and drink each time.‎ B.All kinds of drink will contribute to your health.‎ C.If you’re thirsty, you’re already lack of water.‎ D.Then, we should take drugs and have a good rest.‎ E.Lack of water may be the real reason for your sickness.‎ F.Therefore, it is important to listen to your body when it asks for a drink!‎ G.With this fact in mind, it’s no surprise that drinking enough water is crucial for good health.‎ Passage 3‎ 题材:健康生活　词数:289　建议时间:8分钟 There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths:‎ I’ll never lose weight—I come from a fat family.‎ Wrong!While we can’t change the body type we are born with,we can’t blame our genes for making us fat.There’s plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families,and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.‎ I am fat because I burn calories slowly.‎ Wrong!Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In ‎ fact,although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat!Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.‎ Exercise is boring.‎ Wrong!Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that’s fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route.If you do yoga,try a tai chi class.If you like swimming,set yourself a distance or time challenge.‎ No pain,no gain.‎ Wrong!Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed,pain is your body telling you something’s wrong,and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly,but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If they don’t,rest and seek medical advice.‎ ‎1.What does the author think about being fat?‎ A.It is the family genes that make people fat.‎ B.People are fat because they consume too little energy.‎ C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.‎ D.It is the consequence of people’s unbalanced lifestyle.‎ ‎2.According to the author,how can we make exercise more interesting?‎ A.By taking varied exercise. B.By choosing simple exercise.‎ C.By doing regular exercise. D.By sticking to outdoor exercise.‎ ‎3.What is the author’s opinion about “No pain,no gain” in exercising?‎ A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience. B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.‎ C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal. D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.‎ ‎4.What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A.To declare the importance of keeping fit.‎ B.To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.‎ C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.‎ D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.‎ Part B　Writing　‎ 一、话题语料积累 ‎1.话题词汇积累 ‎①　　　　　　[ˈdɒktə]n.医生 ‎ ‎②　　　　　　[nɜːs]n.护士 ‎ ‎③　　　　　　[ˈpeɪʃnt]n.病人 ‎ ‎④　　　　　　[fɪˈzɪʃn]n.医生,内科医生 ‎ ‎⑤　　　　　　[ˈsɜːdʒən]n.外科医生 ‎ ‎⑥　　　　　　[ˈspeʃəlɪst]n.专科医生 ‎ ‎⑦　　　　　　[ˈdentɪst]n.牙医 ‎ ‎⑧　　　　　　[ˈæmbjələns]n.救护车 ‎ ‎⑨　　　　　　[ˈhɒspɪtl]n.医院 ‎ ‎⑩　　　　　　[ˈklɪnɪk]n.门诊部,诊所 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[wɔːd]n.病房 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi]n.紧急情况 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈtæblət]n.药片,片剂 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[pɪl]n.药丸,丸剂 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈbændɪdʒ]n.绷带 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈmedsn]n.医学,药物 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn]n.检查 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[keɪs]n.病例 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈresəpi]n.食谱,处方 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[prɪˈskrɪpʃn]n.处方,处方药 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn]n.手术 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˌsɪɡəˈret]n.香烟 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[blʌd]n.血液 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈvaɪrəs]n.病毒 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈɪlnəs]n.疾病 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[helɵ]n.健康 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈsɪmptəm]n.症状 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[kəʊld]n.感冒 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[dɪˈziːz]n.疾病 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈkænsə]n.癌症 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[kɒf]n.咳嗽 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[fluː]n.流感 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈhedeɪk]n.头痛 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈɪndʒəri]n.受伤,损伤 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈfiːvə(r)]n.发烧 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˌəʊvəˈweɪt]adj.超重的 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈbækeɪk]n.背疼 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[wuːnd]n.创伤,伤口 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈtuːɵeɪk]n.牙痛 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈtemprətʃə]n.温度,体温 ‎ ‎　　　　　　n.血压 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[pʌls]n.脉搏 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[dɪˈpreʃn]n.抑郁症 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[strəʊk]n.中风 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[fəˈti:g]n.疲劳 ‎ ‎2.话题佳句积累 ‎①　　　 (take) exercise helps you stronger and healthier. ‎ 锻炼有助于你身体更强壮更健康。‎ ‎②People show more concern 　　　 health now.  ‎ ‎ 现在人们更加关注健康。‎ ‎③Do more exercise and have enough sleep, and you will feel 　　　 (relax) and energetic. ‎ 多做锻炼并且睡眠充足,你将会感到放松、有活力。‎ ‎④We had better take part in more outdoor 　　　(activity), which is good for our health. ‎ 我们最好参加更多的户外活动,这有利于我们的健康。‎ ‎⑤I think　　　(make) friends has great effects on our healthy life. 我认为交朋友对我们健康的生活有很大的影响。 ‎ ‎⑥Only in this way can you keep 　　　 (health).  只有这样做你才能保持健康。‎ 二、综合练习 ‎1.词句练习 ‎(1)根据汉语意思完成句子 ‎①You should have a walk outdoors　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(而不是打电脑游戏)all the time. ‎ ‎②I will introduce you to something about　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(如何做眼保健操). ‎ ‎③It is important for you　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 (少摄入糖和脂肪). ‎ ‎④Only when you sleep well　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(你才能感到精力充足). ‎ ‎⑤I advise that you(should)　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　(不要长时间看电视). ‎ ‎(2)翻译句子 ‎①人们常常说时间就是金钱, 但事实上时间比金钱更珍贵。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎②不同的人对健康有不同的看法。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎③但是, 有些人认为钱不是最重要的,因为健康和才智对人来说才是最重要的。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎④如果我有机会得到这笔钱, 我会把一些捐给需要的孩子们。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑤再也没有什么比你保持健康更珍贵的了。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑥只有这样,我们才能在学习和娱乐中保持平衡。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑦锻炼有益于我们的健康。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑧医生一直在检测健康与肥胖的关系,他们已经发现梨型身材的人比苹果型身材的人体内脂肪少。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎2.段落练习 阅读下列各句,并根据其意思之间的联系组成一篇文理通顺的短文。‎ ‎①I would like to give you some advice.‎ ‎②Secondly, we should keep a healthy diet.‎ ‎③Thirdly, we should do some exercise in order to keep fit, such as jogging and playing ball games.‎ ‎④Only when you follow these tips can you keep healthy.‎ ‎⑤Firstly,I think sleep is important.‎ ‎⑥We will feel good during the day after a good sleep.‎ ‎⑦Fresh vegetables, fruit and fish are good for us.‎ ‎⑧Lastly, I think it is very important to have a good state of mind.‎ 组成短文后的正确顺序为:　　　　　　　 ‎ ‎3.篇章练习 假设你是 David, 你的朋友 Mary 向你询问如何保持健康。请你给她发一封邮件提些建议。内容要点如下:‎ ‎(1)注意合理饮食。多吃鱼、肉、豆类等食品,特别是新鲜蔬菜和水果, 不要吃太多甜食。‎ ‎(2)注意锻炼身体。劳逸结合, 多参加体育活动。‎ ‎(3)保证充足的睡眠。不要熬夜,每天至少睡8个小时。‎ 注意:(1)词数100左右; (2)可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯; ‎ ‎ (3)邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。‎ Dear Mary,‎ How nice to hear from you! In your letter you asked me how to keep healthy. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours,‎ David 单选模拟仿真练　‎ ‎1.—What are your hobbies?‎ ‎—My hobbies include 　　　　 and literature. ‎ A.to cook B.cook C.cooked D.cooking ‎2.No reader 　　　　 take a book out of the library without permission of the librarian. ‎ A.might B.must C.shall D.could ‎3.Many firefighters 　　　　 tried to rescue the people in the building were injured in the fire. ‎ A.where B.which C.who D.that ‎4.Hard 　　　　 it is, the Chinese government is determined to open up the new Silk Road. ‎ A.while B.as C.although D.however ‎5.When the power of love 　　　　 the love of power, the world will likely be in peace. ‎ A.overcomes B.will overcome C.is overcoming D.overcame ‎6.One mark of a successful man is 　　　　 he can quickly focus on what’s important. ‎ A.why B.whether C.what D.that ‎7.Mom, I promise I 　　　　 all the work by the time you are back this evening. ‎ A.will have done B.have done C.will be doing D.have been doing ‎8.—Why do you want to go to the United States?　‎ ‎—　　　　, sir. ‎ A.To travel B.Travelling C.Travelled D.Travel ‎9.Some people dream of success without action, 　　　　 others wake up and work hard at it. ‎ A.since B.as C.while D.until ‎10.Open your heart, and you will make yourself better 　　　　. ‎ A.known B.knowing C.to know D.know ‎11.You 　　　　 have got better grades in the last examination, but you were so careless. ‎ A.must B.need C.could D.can ‎12.—How did that accident happen?‎ ‎—You know, I couldn’t see the road clearly, because it 　　　　 heavily. ‎ A.snowed B.is snowing C.snows D.was snowing ‎13.—What is it 　　　　 makes you study so hard? ‎ ‎—To go to my dream university.‎ A.what B.that C.who D.whether ‎14.The tables on the inn are so close that there’s hardly room for customers to move 　　　　them. ‎ A.under B.between C.across D.behind ‎15.With　　　　approach of the 2016 Olympic Games, the Chinese Tennis Association has introduced a new national team logo to the public. ‎ A.an B.the C.a D.不填 答案 Topic 13　健康 Part A　Reading Passage 1‎ ‎[高级语块]‎ ‎1.according to按照 ‎2.even though即使 ‎[高级句式]‎ ‎1.According to a new survey by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early.(even though 引导让步状语从句) ‎ ‎2.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.(how much sleep you need为主语从句) ‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国青少年的睡眠习惯及存在的问题。‎ ‎1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二句可知,该项调查主要关注的是美国青少年上床睡觉的时间,也就是他们的睡眠习惯,所以选 A。‎ ‎2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal.”可知C项正确。‎ ‎3.B　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段前两句的内容可知选 B。‎ Passage 2‎ ‎[高级语块]‎ ‎1.ask for要求 ‎2.in addition此外 ‎3.lack of缺乏……‎ ‎[语篇解读]　我们身体中百分之七十五的成分都是水,因此饮用足够的水对我们的健康意义重大。本文讲述的就是饮水的重要性以及如何饮用足够的水。‎ ‎1.G　过渡句。后面讲述了不饮用足够的水的害处,因此饮用足够的水对我们的健康是很重要的。‎ ‎2.D　细节句。 从前一句话可知,生病时喝水是很重要的,然后应该吃药并好好休息。‎ ‎3.E　主题句。联系该空所在的上一段你的身体缺水是所表现出的症状可以得出此答案。‎ ‎4.F　总结句。有时服药使得你的身体更加缺水,因此认真听一下你的身体的需求是非常重要的。‎ ‎5.C　细节句。本句是对 “Don’t wait until you are thirsty to drink.”的进一步阐释,结合选项中的thirsty可知选C项 。‎ Passage 3‎ ‎[高级语块]‎ ‎1.put on weight体重增加 2.be born with生来具有 3.blame...for...把……归咎于……‎ ‎[高级句式]‎ ‎1.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exercising, their muscles will turn into fat.(while连接两个并列分句,两个that引导宾语从句,as引导时间状语从句,if引导条件状语从句) ‎ ‎2.There’s plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families, and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.(that引导同位语从句,先行词为evidence,其中and连接两个并列分句,在后一个并列分句中that引导表语从句) ‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为健康生活类。本文介绍了一些人对肥胖与锻炼的错误认识。‎ ‎1.D　推理判断题。由第一行黑体字下面的内容:habits of eating too much and exercising too little可知答案选D。‎ ‎2.A　细节理解题。根据第三行黑体字下面的描述:varied program that’s fun as well as progressive以及接下来给我们提出的让自己的体育活动丰富多彩的建议可知,作者认为为了让体育活动不那么枯燥,我们就要让它多样化,所以答案为A项。‎ ‎3.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话:If they don’t,rest and seek medical advice.可以推断出如果我们进行的体育活动给我们的身体带来持久的疼痛的话,我们就应该停下来休息一下并去看医生,所以答案为B项。‎ ‎4.B　主旨大意题。文章第一段给出了本文的主题:对于肥胖和体育锻炼存在着一些错误认识,以及Here are some more ‎ myths可知本文提出了几种错误的观点并加以澄清,所以答案为B项。‎ Part B　Writing 一、话题语料积累 ‎1.话题词汇积累 ‎①doctor　②nurse　③patient　④physician　⑤surgeon　⑥specialist　⑦dentist　⑧ambulance　⑨hospital　⑩clinic　ward　emergency　tablet　pill　bandage　medicine　examination　case recipe　prescription　operation　cigarette　 blood　 virus　 illness　 health　 symptom　 cold　 disease　‎ cancer cough　flu　 headache　 injury　 fever　 overweight backache　wound　 toothache　 temperature　 blood pressure pulse　depression　stroke　fatigue ‎2.话题佳句积累 ‎①Taking　②about　③relaxed　④activities　⑤making　⑥healthy 二、综合练习 ‎1.词句练习 ‎(1)①instead of playing computer games ‎②how to do eye exercises ‎③to eat less sugar and fat ‎④can you feel energetic ‎⑤not watch TV for a long time ‎(2)①People often say time is money, but in fact time is more valuable than money.‎ ‎②Different people hold different opinions on health.‎ ‎③However, some people think money is not the most important for the reason that health and intelligence are vital to people.‎ ‎④If I have the chance to get this sum of money,I will donate some to the children in need.‎ ‎⑤Nothing is more precious than you keep fit.‎ ‎⑥Only in this way can we keep balance between study and entertainment.‎ ‎⑦Exercise is beneficial to our health.‎ ‎⑧Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the pear-shaped people have less internal fat than the apple-shaped people.‎ ‎2.段落练习 ‎①-⑤-⑥-②-⑦-③-⑧-④‎ ‎3.篇章练习 One possible version:‎ Dear Mary, ‎ How nice to hear from you! In your letter you asked me how to keep ‎ healthy. I would like to give you some advice. ‎ As you know, we teenagers grow very fast, so we need plenty of nutritious food, such as fish, meat, and beans, especially fresh vegetables and fruit.You’d better not eat too much food rich in sugar or fat.Besides, you should take physical exercise regularly instead of studying in the classroom all the time.For example, you can play basketball with your friends or swim after school.‎ What’s more, having enough sleep is very important.So I advise that you should at least sleep for eight hours every day and not stay up too late in the evening.Only in this way can you keep fit.‎ Yours,‎ David 单选模拟仿真练 ‎1—5 DCCBA　6—10 DAACA　11—15 CDBBB