【英语】2018届二轮复习虚拟语气学案（4页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习虚拟语气学案（4页）

‎2018届 二轮复习 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是高考英语必考的语法点，其遍布在听力、阅读、完形、语法填空、写作等各个题型中；语法学习，最重要的就是化繁为简，化繁为简最重要的就是要有条理、要系统。一起来看看化繁为简的虚拟语气吧！‎ 一、虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气包含两种：‎ ‎① 一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。‎ ‎② 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。‎ 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。‎ 二、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 ‎1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were)‎ 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do If I were you, I would take an umbrella.‎ 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）‎ If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.‎ 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）‎ If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.‎ 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)‎ ‎2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier, I should/would/might have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）‎ If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.‎ 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）‎ ‎3、表示与将来事实相反的情况 从句：①if+主语+were to do ‎②if+主语+should+do ‎③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）‎ 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+do If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.‎ 如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。（事实：不可能下雪）‎ If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.‎ 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：不可能来）‎ If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.‎ 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：不可能来）‎ 注意事项：‎ ‎① 错综时间句：即虚拟条件状语从句与虚拟主句中谓语动作的时间不一致。‎ If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.‎ 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。‎ If they had informed us, we would not come here now.‎ 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。‎ If he knew her, he would have greeted her that day.‎ 如果他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。‎ ‎② 虚拟条件句中的省略：‎ 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时，if 可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。‎ Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.‎ 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去了。‎ Were she here, she would agree with us.‎ 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。‎ Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here.‎ 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。‎ ‎③ 用其它形式表达虚拟条件：‎ 虚拟条件状语从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或用其它方式表示出来。如without…，but for…（要不是...）等。‎ But for his help, we would be working now.‎ 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。‎ Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.‎ 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。‎ ‎④ 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。‎ If I were you, I would go to look for him.‎ 如果我是你，就会去找他。‎ ‎⑤ 在虚拟主句中，主语只有是第一人称时，才能用should。‎ If I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.‎ 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。‎ If he had got there earlier, he would have met her.‎ 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。‎ 三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ‎1、表达和建议、要求、命令、主张等含义相关的名词性从句，一律用主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）结构。具体涉及到这些动词以及它们的名词形式：‎ 一坚持（主张）：insist 二命令：order，command 三要求：require，request，demand 四建议：suggest，advise，propose，recommend 例如：‎ It was suggested that he（should）join in the club activities.（主语从句）‎ I suggested that he（should）join in the club activities.（宾语从句）‎ My suggestion was that he（should）join in the club activities.（表语从句）‎ I had an suggestion that he（should）join in the club activities.（同位语从句）‎ 这四句话表达同一个意思：我建议他加入这个俱乐部的活动。‎ ‎2、表示重要性、必要性、吃惊等时，一律用it is+形容词+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）结构。‎ 例如：It's important that you (should) study English hard.‎ 努力学习英语是很重要的。‎ It's necessary that you (should) praise your students as much as possible.‎ 尽可能多的表扬你的学生是有必要的。‎ It is strange that she (should) not have been invited.‎ 很奇怪她竟然没有被邀请。‎ ‎3. ① wish 后面所跟的宾语从句，其谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为“要是/但愿…就好了”），其形式主要有三种：‎ 表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+一般过去时的宾语从句 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+ 过去完成时的宾语从句 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish+ would/could+动词原形 I wish it were spring all year round.我希望一年四季都是春天。‎ I wish it would be fine tomorrow.我希望明天天气好。‎ She wished she had stayed at home then.她希望她当时待在家里。‎ if only 后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。‎ ‎② would rather 后面所跟的宾语从句，其谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为“宁愿......”），其形式主要有两种：‎ 表示对现在/将来情况的虚拟：would rather +一般过去时的宾语从句 表示对过去情况的虚拟：would rather + 过去完成时的宾语从句 四、其它从句中的虚拟语气 ‎1、虚拟语气用在状语从句中 ‎① 由as if 或 as though 所引导的方式状浯从句，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：‎ 主句+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与现在事实相反）‎ 主句+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作与将来事实相反）‎ 主句+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作与过去事实相反）‎ He talks as if he knew all about it.他说起来好像知道这件事的全部一样。‎ She speaks English well as if she had studied in America.她说英语很好，好像过去在美国待过一样。‎ He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.他学英语如此努力，好像他要出国一样。‎ ‎② 由 even if 或 even though 所引导的让步状语从句，若从句与事实相反，则从句和主句都要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：‎ 主句+even if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与现在事实相反）‎ 主句+even if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作与将来事实相反）‎ 主句+even if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作与过去事实相反）‎ Even if you weren't her son, she would treat you like this.‎ 即使你不是她的儿子，她也会这样对待你的。‎ I would have married her even if she had been penniless.‎ 即使她身无分文，我也会和她结婚。‎ ‎2、虚拟语气用在定语从句中 在it is (high) time that…句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should+动词原形，表示该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。‎ It is time that we went home.=It is time that we should go home.‎ 我们该回家了。‎ It is time we left. =It is time we should leave.我们该走了。‎ It is time we summed up our results.= It is time we should sum up our results.‎ 我们该总结我们的成绩了。‎