【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之五（24页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之五（24页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之五 ‎[一]‎ The loud continuous noise of the cars or the sound of a plane can force its way into the deepest forest, yet it’s not only humans that are bothered by the noise.‎ Bioacoustician Bernie Krause has been studying the effect of noise pollution on wildlife, and has come across some interesting behavior, especially among animals that communicate by vocalization (发声), like humans.Birds use sound to communicate, but in noisy places, these animals have to shout over the natural noise to be heard.‎ Krause mentions a study of nightingales to clarify what he means.The birds responded to traffic noise by singing louder and louder until they actually went beyond noise pollution standards in the city.To belt out their songs, they increased their lung pressure fivefold, but scientists state that this is not dangerous for the birds themselves.‎ Studies show that sudden noise can cause certain birds to leave their nests, exposing the young to their enemies.One study also showed that songbirds that nested closer to busy motorways were much less productive than those that nested farther away.Mammals (哺乳动物) too are affected.A recent study showed that nursing caribou respond to plane noise by not producing enough milk to feed their young.‎ In some cases noise pollution can actually help some animals while harming others.Toads and frogs are known to vocalize in synchrony so that no predator can zero in on them.Krause found that when planes flew overhead and masked the toads’ songs, they lost their synchronicity, and it took them 45 minutes to get it back again.That gave Great Horned Owls and coyotes plenty of time to find individual toads by sound.‎ According to Krause, “Not only will noise pollution bother wildlife, but it won’t help our lives either.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。噪声污染不仅困扰着人类，也对野生动物产生巨大的影响。‎ ‎1．How did nightingales react to traffic noise?‎ A．By synchronizing their singing.‎ B．By producing louder sounds.‎ C．By harming themselves.‎ D．By leaving their nests.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The birds responded to traffic noise by singing louder and louder until they actually went beyond noise pollution standards in the city.”可知，夜莺面对交通噪声会用更高的声调来唱歌。‎ ‎2．How do young caribou suffer from aircraft noise?‎ A．They receive less food.‎ B．They can’t sleep at night.‎ C．They are often displaced.‎ D．They can’t hear their mothers.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。第四段的末尾提到caribou，由文中的描述“nursing caribou respond to plane noise by not producing enough milk to feed their young”可知，在有飞机噪声的情况下，哺乳期的母驯鹿不会生产足够的奶水来喂养它们的幼崽，因此驯鹿幼崽得到较少的食物。‎ ‎3．What would happen if toads and frogs failed to sing in union?‎ A．They might become defenceless.‎ B．They would stop communicating.‎ C．They would soon regain their rhythm.‎ D．They might be unable to hunt in groups.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“it took them 45 minutes to ...by sound”可知，蟾蜍和青蛙齐声和鸣，这样掠食者便难以找到目标；当飞机从上空飞过，蟾蜍的声音被噪声所影响，它们与青蛙的声音便会失去同步性，而它们需要45分钟时间才能再次找到声音的协调性，这就给了大角猫头鹰和郊狼足够的时间来捕食蟾蜍，因而使它们失去防御。‎ ‎★4.What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Animals’ reaction to noises.‎ B．The causes of noise pollution.‎ C．The effects of noise pollution on wildlife.‎ D．The ways animals communicate with each other.‎ 解析：选C　主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段第一句可知，受噪声困扰的不仅仅是人类，野生动物也深受其扰。接下来，第三、四、五段通过研究进一步证明了噪声污染对野生动物产生的影响。由此可知，C选项恰到好处地概括了文章主旨。‎ ‎[二]‎ Shopping for and choosing clothes is challenging enough. But imagine if you were unable to use your arms to do anything, or used a wheelchair.‎ The conditions are reality for four people who became the “customers” of 15 students at Parsons School of Design at the New School this year. The students spent their spring term creating clothing to fit their customers’ unique requirements as part of a class run by Open Style Lab, a nonprofit organization whose aim is to design functional and fashionable clothing for people with disabilities.‎ ‎“Disability overlaps (重叠) with aging and universal design，” said Grace Jun, the director of the program. “We need to see it as part of our life cycle. It’s something that we need to not only see from a human rights standpoint but also for its economic value.”‎ ‎“I’m always looking at me being the problem and the clothing as being OK，” said Kieran Kern, who gets around in a wheelchair. When Ms. Kern approached Open Style Lab, she was looking for a coat that would be easy to put on with the limitations of a weaker body. Her team came up with a design with a circular rod (杆) that runs through the collar and allows Ms. Kern to swing the coat across her back with one hand.‎ ‎“The idea of having a coat that sees the parts that make me as just parts and not as a problem that I need to solve was really liberating in an identity sense，” Ms. Kern said. “Because generally, when you have a different body, you don’t really see yourself.”‎ ‎“I think the challenges the students faced throughout the course had a lot to do with the exchange of ideas，” Ms. Jun said. “They were able to understand that no two people with a disability are alike. Being able to design uniquely means you have to have a collaborative (合作的) process.We’re designing with each other, not for.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个旨在为残疾人设计实用且时尚的服装的项目。这个项目不仅改变了残疾人的自我认知，而且使学生设计者受益良多，促进了人与人之间的交流，增强了他们的团队合作意识。‎ ‎9．What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Aging. B．Disability.‎ C．Design. D．The program.‎ 解析：选B　代词指代题。第三段第一句说到“残疾往往与衰老和千篇一律的设计联系在一起”，结合本项目的目标——为残疾人设计实用的、时尚的服装，我们可知此处Grace Jun是说“我们需要把残疾这个问题当作生活的一部分。我们不仅需要从人权的角度去看待，也需要从经济价值方面看待残疾问题”。所以it指代的就是上文提到的Disability。‎ ‎★10.What’s Ms.Kern’s attitude towards what Open Style Lab is doing?‎ A．Favorable. B．Skeptical.‎ C．Uninterested. D．Dissatisfied.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。根据Kieran Kern在第四段中谈到的“I’m always looking at me being the problem and the clothing as being OK”和第五段中谈到的可知，她认为这个项目改变了她对自我的认知，故选Favorable (赞成的)。‎ ‎11．What did the students find challenging according to Ms.Jun?‎ A．Creativity in fashion design.‎ B．Interpersonal communication.‎ C．Making clothing part of a wearer.‎ D．Meeting the needs of the disabled.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容“I think the challenges the students faced throughout the course ...you have to have a collaborative (合作的) process.We’re designing with each other, not for.”可知，在为残疾人设计服装时，交流和合作是必需的，这也正是挑战所在。‎ ‎12．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Open Style Lab B．A new fashion industry C．Disability is no longer a problem D．Designs that do more than meet the eye 解析：选D　标题归纳题。第二段点明了文章的主旨——一个为残疾人设计实用且时尚的服装的项目。D项作标题符合这一主旨。“Designs that do more than meet the eye”表明了这些设计除视觉效果之外还具有实用性。‎ ‎[三]‎ What was the last thing you did before going to bed last night？You were probably on a device (设备): reading emails, surfing the web or checking social media.‎ You’re not alone. A study by the National Sleep Foundation shows 48% of American adults use devices such as phones or laptops in bed.‎ Unlike reading and watching TV, modern devices are interactive (互动的) rather than passive. Their connectivity to the outside world comes into the bedroom.‎ It appears there is a marked difference between staying up late with a good book or watching television in bed and using smartphones and laptops.The way we interact with electronic devices allows them to eat into far more of the time we should be asleep, according to researchers.‎ ‎“These devices are causing sleep procrastination (拖延)，” says ‎ Marthew Walker, a professor of neuroscience and psychology at the University of California, Berkeley.‎ ‎“Sending a text message, posting something on Facebook or checking your email means you are waiting for a response and revs up your emotional nervous system.”‎ Ben Carter, a professor at King’s College London, conducted a review of 20 studies into the effect of technology on children’s sleep patterns, finding even those who did not use phones or other devices before bed but had them in their bedrooms, slept less deeply than those who left their devices in another room.‎ ‎“It is perhaps the biggest unaddressed public health problem of our time. Sleep is necessary for a wide range of functions that serve our health and well-being.” says Colin Espie, a professor of sleep medicine at the University of Oxford.‎ Yet surprisingly, Walker says technology itself may hold the answer to control our sleep. There are already many devices on the market that claim to monitor and aid people in sleeping. And Walker hopes to use machine-learning technology to produce new ways to help those who are not sleeping properly.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了睡眠前使用电子设备对我们的睡眠及健康带来的影响。‎ ‎1．What does the author think of smartphones and laptops compared with TV?‎ A．They work in a more active way.‎ B．They consume less of our time.‎ C．They have more positive effects.‎ D．They do less harm to our health.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三、四段可知，与读书和看电视相比，使用手机等电子产品更具有互动性。由此可知答案选A。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined part “revs up” in Paragraph 6‎ ‎ probably mean?‎ A．Makes something stop working.‎ B．Makes something function normally.‎ C．Makes something operate more quickly.‎ D．Makes something develop more steadily.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。画线部分上文提到使用电子产品会导致我们推迟睡眠时间，由此可知，睡前发短信、使用社交网络等行为会使我们的情感神经系统“更加活跃”。rev up “使快速运转”。‎ ‎★3.What’s Colin Espie’s attitude to using electronic devices? ‎ A．Favorable.　　　　　 B．Opposed.‎ C．Unconcerned. D．Ambiguous.‎ 解析：选B　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段可知，Colin Espie认为，睡眠前使用电子产品是我们面临的最大的健康问题，由此可知他反对睡眠前使用电子产品。‎ ‎4．What can we learn from the text?‎ A．Many people rely on electronic devices to fall asleep.‎ B．Ben Carter studied different age groups’ sleep patterns.‎ C．The use of electronic devices may make people eat more.‎ D．Just the presence of electronic devices may affect one’s sleep.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第七段的“finding even those who did not use phones or other devices before bed but had them in their bedrooms, slept less deeply than those who left their devices in another room”可知，就算睡前不使用电子设备，只要电子产品出现在卧室就会影响孩子们的睡眠。‎ ‎[四]‎ You know the saying "You're as young as you feel." Well, there may be some truth t, according to that, according to researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.‎ Ellen Langer, a Harvard psychologist who studies how the mind ‎ influences the body, and colleagues reviewed the scientific literature for evidence that a person’s perception of their age might influence their health. They published their results in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science.‎ In one study that Langer led, 47 women had their hair done. The women who thought their new hairdos made them look younger did look younger to objective observers, who were shown before-and-after pictures. The women who thought they looked younger also showed a drop in blood pressure. Another study involving 4,421 men found that thise who became bald(秃顶)at a relatively young age were more likely to get cancer and heart disease than men who did not. Similarly, another study involving 2,017 men found that those who lost their hair early were more likely to develop heart disease. “We believe that the feelings associated with being older than one’s real age account for some of these health outcomes,” the researchers wrote.‎ The researchers also described studies that found that women who had children later in life were more likely to be healthier and live longer than those who had children early, which they attributed to the fact that these mothers tend to spend more time with younger women. Similarly, people who marry younger partners tend to live longer than those who marry older partners, according to other studies.‎ Taken together, the research “supports the general mind-body hypothesis(假说)that when a younger mind is prepared, a younger body can accompany it.” While the mechanism remains unclear, the researchers figured that suggestions associated with aging can “make one unconsciously or consciously aware of old age and set in motion a series of physiological processes that can have real effects on short-term and long-term health.”‎ ‎8. The underlined word “perception” in Paragraph 2 means .‎ A. view B. appearance C. influence D. creation ‎9. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 3?‎ A. Blood pressure is highly related to hairdos.‎ B. Feeling older than real age may be tied to health problems.‎ C. Getting cancer or heart disease is the cause of hair losing.‎ D. The women who love hairdos look younger than those don’t.‎ ‎10. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that .‎ A. a younger mother is more likely to live longer B. the younger one of a couple lives much longer C. often staying with younger people can benefit people’s health D. people who want to live longer need to marry young ‎11. The passage mainly tells us that .‎ A. Getting bald too early is not good to marry young B. Women had better give birth later in their life C. Feeling younger to a couple is very important to their health D. People’s feeling of their age may have an effect on their own health ‎【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D ‎【解析】本文告诉人们对自己年龄的感觉可能对自己的健康有影响，经常和年轻人呆在一起能有益于人们的健康。‎ ‎8. A 词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句They published their results in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science. 他们在《心理SC透视》杂志上发表了他们的研究成果。‎ 可知上句的意思是：同事们审阅科学文献以获取证据：一个人对自己年龄的看法可能影响他们的健康。划线词的意思是“观点，看法”。故选A。‎ ‎9. B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句We believe that the feelings associated with being older than one’s real age account for some of these health outcomes,”可知感觉比实际年龄老可能与健康问题有关。根据句意可知选B。‎ ‎10. C ‎11. D 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句You know the saying "You're as young as you feel." Well, there may be some truth；根据最后一段the researchers figured that suggestions associated with aging can “make one unconsciously or consciously aware of old age and set in motion a series of physiological processes that can have real effects on short-term and long-term health.”可知本文告诉人们对自己年龄的感觉可能对自己的健康有影响。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎[五]‎ Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing，our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.‎ A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身）nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances» so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.‎ Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees (雇员),because those people represent the companies to their customers.‎ As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are.‎ There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply cause he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.‎ ‎12. Which of the following is the newspaper editor’ opinion according to Paragraph 2?‎ A. People’s appearances carry messages about themselves.‎ B. Customers’ choices influence dress standards in companies.‎ C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.‎ D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.‎ ‎13. What can be inferred from the text?‎ A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.‎ B. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.‎ C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.‎ D. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.‎ ‎14. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?‎ A. Employees Matter B. Personal Choices Matter C. Appearances Matter D. Hiring Managers Matter ‎15. The author’s attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as_________.‎ A. enthusiastic B. Negative C positive D. sympathetic ‎【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. B ‎【解析】又是一年毕业季，很多大学毕业生又要开始为寻找一份可以乃以生存的工作而奔忙了，但是，影响就业成功的因素很多，其中有一点就是面试时的着装。‎ ‎12. 推理判断题。根据第二自然段的首句可知作者的意思是有纹身或戴鼻环去面试不会被公平的对待，故本题选C。‎ ‎13. 推理判断题。通读第三自然段可知本文作者的意思是：员工的穿着不再是员工的私人问题，而是影响到公司的声誉和发展的大问题。选B。‎ ‎14. 主旨大意题。本文大意是关于员工的着装问题，即员工的外貌问题，故本题选C。‎ ‎15. 作者意图题。根据本文后两个自然段可知作者对于员工着奇装异服的态度也是否定的，故选B。‎ ‎[六]‎ If you have ever found yourself looking for your keys, misplacing your cell phone or wanting to keep track of your bicycle or car, then the TrackR, a device (装置) that works with your smartphone created by a Californiabased company, is for you! At $29.95 each, not like the expensive GPS systems, or with TrackR Pack purchase deals, you can’t afford not to have one!‎ Install (安装) the free TrackR app on your smartphone. Connect the app to your device and then you are ready to go! Simply attach the TrackR to whatever you don’t want to lose. The entire process of setting it up only takes 5 minutes or less.‎ If you have the hard TrackR, you can just hide it under your car’s floor mat, in the trunk or somewhere it won’t be found if your car gets stolen. If you forget where you parked your car, take out your smartphone and open the TrackR app. Tap on the “lost item” icon on the screen and the app will tell you exactly where it is.‎ You can also attach it to your pet. Put it on their collar, and the problem of searching for them as they run off to nearby places will be over! Attach it to your keys and wallet, and never waste a minute searching the whole house for it. The affordable TrackR even comes with a ‎ doublesided adhesive (黏合剂) so you can stick it to your laptop or under your bike seat. Track down and punish the thieves who steal your expensive things!‎ The convenience and the ability to find actually any object means that the TrackR is one of the most useful articles that you’ll find for any price. However, the best thing it can give is peace of mind, and it doesn’t get any better than that.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款高科技定位追踪器——TrackR。‎ ‎28．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?‎ A．How the TrackR works.‎ B．The features of the TrackR.‎ C．Why the TrackR is invented.‎ D．The advantages of the TrackR.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第二段的内容尤其是“Install (安装) the free TrackR app”“Connect the app to your device”及“attach the TrackR to”可知，本段主要讲的是TrackR是如何工作的。故选A。‎ ‎29．What can the TrackR help people do?‎ A．Walk their pets nearby.‎ B．Recognize the thieves.‎ C．Seek their misplaced car.‎ D．Find them a parking place.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you forget where you parked your car, take out your smartphone and open the TrackR app ... the app will tell you exactly where it is.”可知，当你不记得自己把车停在哪里时，TrackR会告诉你它的准确位置。故选C。‎ ‎30．What can we infer about the TrackR?‎ A．It’s far from affordable.‎ B．It’s on sale worldwide.‎ C．It can be easily folded.‎ D．It’s small in size.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“hide it under your car’s floor mat”和第四段中的“Put it on their collar”“Attach it to your keys and wallet”“stick it to your laptop or under your bike seat”可知，你可以将TrackR放在汽车的垫子下面，系在宠物的颈圈上，附在钥匙上，放在钱包里，粘在笔记本电脑上或自行车座位下，由此可推知TrackR的尺寸应是很小的。故选D。‎ ‎31．What’s the best title for the text?‎ A．TrackR — no limits B．TrackR — no worries C．TrackR — your item protector D．TrackR — your financial manager 解析：选B　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款跟踪装置TrackR的相关内容，有了它，人们就不用担心丢东西了。故B项作本文标题最佳。‎ ‎[七]‎ David Rees runs a truly distinctive business. He charges customers $15 to sharpen their pencils to perfection, using a variety of tools.‎ I know what you’re thinking — is this a joke? The 39yearold gets asked that question a lot. To clarify everything, he even created a special section on his website telling everyone he’s actually providing a real service.‎ You can supply your own pencil or you can have Rees sharpen one of his own favorite 2B pencils. After that, he mails it to you in a display tube with the shavings in a separate bag, and an authentic certificate which just happens to mention the pencil is so sharp as to be a dangerous object.‎ To achieve the desired result, the master sharpener uses all kinds of tools, including general sandpaper, pocket knives and even a special $450 sharpening machine.“It depends on what the customer wants to use his/her pencil for，” he says. That determines the most appropriate pencilsharpening technique. Some customers buy pencils as inspirational ‎ symbols while others buy them because of their special memories of classic 2B pencils.‎ ‎$15 to have a pencil sharpened is a bit expensive though, right? You’re not the only one who feels that way, and David’s unique business has really angered lots of people, who talk of inequality in America, saying it is so insane for the wealthy to pay $15 to sharpen a pencil. But others will say, “This is just our urge to put an end to the welfare state because new ideas arise along with the business.”‎ David admits his trade is sort of unusual. But there are those who actually value his service, as is proven by the over 500 orders he has gotten.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一项为他人提供削铅笔的独特服务。‎ ‎28．How could David make money by sharpening pencils?‎ A．He invented new tools for the job.‎ B．He promoted his skill on his website.‎ C．He saved lots of time for other people.‎ D．He provided quality service for his customers.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“To achieve the desired result, the master sharpener uses ...even a special $450 sharpening machine.”可推知，主人公给客户提供高质量的削铅笔服务，故选D。‎ ‎29．From his words, we can infer that David Rees .‎ A．knows all kinds of pencil users B．provides personalized services C．values ideas behind the pencils D．always writes in pencil 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It depends on what the customer wants to use his/her pencil for”可知，主人公会给客户提供个性化的服务，故选B。‎ ‎30．What does the underlined word “insane” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A．Deliberate. B．Rewarding.‎ C．Unreasonable. D．Irresponsible.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“$15 to have a pencil sharpened is a bit expensive though, right？”，并结合第二段第一句“I know what you’re thinking — is this a joke？”可推知，此处的insane意为“十分愚蠢的，疯狂的”，C项与此意接近。deliberate“故意的”；rewarding“值得做的”；irresponsible“不负责任的”。‎ ‎31．What seems to be the author’s attitude to David Rees’ trade?‎ A．It’s a fancy service.‎ B．It has a good reputation.‎ C．It’s awfully expensive.‎ D．It wastes time and money.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。根据全文的整体内容可知，作者认为主人公所提供的削铅笔服务是与众不同的、别致的，故选A。‎ ‎[八]‎ James Gross, a psychology professor at Stanford University, has a 13-year-old daughter who loves math and science. “It hasn’t occurred to her yet that’s unusual,” he says. “But I know in the next couple of years, it will.”‎ She’s already being pulled out of class to do advanced things with a couple of other kids, who are guys. And as someone who studies human emotion for a procession, Gross says, “I know as time goes on, she will feel increasingly lonely as a girl who’s interested in math and science, and be at risk of narrowing her choices in life before finding out how far she could have gone.’’‎ Gross’ concern clearly shows what has been a touchy subject in the world of science for a long time: Why are there still so few women in science, and how might that affect what we learn from research?‎ Women now make up half the national workforce, earn more college and graduate degrees than men, and by some estimates represent the largest single economic force in the world. Yet the gender gap in science persists, to a greater degree than in other professions, particularly in high-end, math-intensive fields such as computer science and engineering.‎ According to US Census Bureau statistics, women in fields commonly referred to as STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) made up 7 percent of that workforce in 1970, a figure that had jumped to 23 percent by 1990. But the rise essentially stopped there. Two decades later, in 2011, women made up 26 percent of the science workforce.‎ ‎5. According to James Gross, in the near future his daughter may .‎ A. become a great scientist B. feel lonely and have fewer choices C. be pulled out of class with some guys D. learn math and science better and better ‎6. We can learn from the text that .‎ A. women are cleverer than men in college B. men represent the largest single economic force C. women make up more than 50% of the national workforce D. the number of women graduating from college is larger than that of men ‎7. How does the author develop the last paragraph?‎ A. By providing examples.‎ B. By making comments.‎ C. By following time order.‎ D. By explaining the process.‎ ‎8. Which of the following is the best title for the text?‎ A. Why It Is Important to Get More Women Into Science B. James Gross, Confusion About His daughter C. Situation of Women in the Whole Country D. Future of women in the Workforce ‎【答案】5. B 6. D 7. C 8. A ‎【解析】本文主要讲述了长期以来科学界一直存在的一个敏感话题：为什么科学界的女性仍然如此之少，而这又会如何影响我们从研究中获得的知识呢？分析中可知大学毕业的女性多于男性，但在高端的数学密集领域非常少。而这几年来根据资料显示女性在STEM中的人数在逐年上升，这更说明女性在这一领域的重要性。‎ ‎5. B 推理判断题。第二段中的“I know as time goes on, she will feel increasingly lonely as a girl who’s interested in math and science，and be at risk of narrowing her choices in life before finding out how far she could have gone.”分析句意，可知随着时间的推移，作为一个对数学和科学感兴趣的女孩，她会感到越来越孤独，有可能会限制她在生活中的选择。故B符合题意。‎ ‎6. D 推理判断题。根据第四段“.Women now make up half the national workforce, earn more college and graduate degrees than men, .Women now make up half the national workforce, earn more college and graduate degrees than men,”分析本句，可知“现在妇女占全国劳动力的一半，比男子获得更多的大学和研究生学位，据估计，这是世界上最大的单一经济力量。”由此可推断出大学毕业的女性比男性的数量多，因此选D。‎ ‎7. C3　‎ 推理判断题。最后一段“According to… made up 7 percent … in 1970, … jumped to 23 percent by 1990….Two decades later, in 2011, women made up 26 percen…”分析上文可知1970年女性构成这个领域劳动力的7%,1990年攀升到23%，2011年占据了26%，由此可知是以时间为顺序来展开最后一段的。‎ ‎8. A　‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了长期以来科学界一直存在的一个敏感话题：为什么科学界的女性仍然如此之少，而这又会如何影响我们从研究中获得的知识呢？分析中可知大学毕业的女性多于男性，但在高端的数学密集领域非常少。而这几年来根据资料显示女性在STEM中的人数在逐年上升，这更说明女性在这一领域的重要性。分析选项中可知A项符合题意。可知故选A。‎ ‎[九]‎ It was close to midnight and it was unusual to see vehicles on the road. However, several trucks pulled over and workers silently unloaded camera equipment and cardboard boxes, and then carried them inside the Morgenson family home.‎ What took place over the next eight weeks was inspired by a Hollywood movie called The Joneses about a family of marketers who move into a local neighborhood to sell their products secretly to their neighbors. The idea was to test the power of word-of-mouth marketing. By filming a ‘rear’ family in unscripted (无剧本的) situations, my team and I would document how the Morgensons’ circle of friends responded to brands and products the Morgensons bought into their lives.‎ With the help of 35 video cameras and 25 microphones hidden in side the furniture, the operation done secretly showed something shocking. The most powerful hidden persuader of all isn’t in your TV or on the shelves of your supermarket. It’s a far more important influence that’s around you almost every waking moment: your very own friends and neighbors. There is nothing quite so persuasive as observing someone we respect or admire using a brand or product.‎ Our analysis also found that the brands the Morgensons used went faster. About one third of the Morgensons’ friends began promoting these same brands to their friends. We also found that the brands their friends were most likely to buy at the Morgensons’ suggestion were the bigger and better-known ones. This proved my thoughts that traditional marketing and secret marketing work well together. The most persuasive advertising strategies are strengthened by word-of-mouth advertising.‎ Whenever I meet with company managers, I tell them that the people who hold the real marketing power are mouse-clicking consumers and their wide circles of real-life friends. In other words, the people who hold the real power are us.‎ ‎9. The author and his team went to the Morgenson family home to .‎ A. visit the Morgensons B. sell products to them C. shoot a Hollywood movie D. carry out marketing research ‎10. According to the text, people are more likely to buy a product when .‎ A. noticing an advertisement for it on TV B. the product appears repeatedly in a movie C. seeing their friends using the same product.‎ D. someone is promoting it in the supermarket.‎ ‎11. In which part of a newspaper can you most probably read the text?‎ A. Travel. B. Business.‎ C. Lifestyle. D. Entertainment.‎ ‎【答案】9. D 10. C 11. B ‎【解析】 本文关于购物。本文对Morgenson如何在朋友圈销售他们的产品所做的调查及分析。‎ ‎9. D .‎ ‎【名师点睛】推理判断之根据事实细节，推断合理信息。‎ 推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文.‎ ‎【解题剖析】此题属于推理判断题中的（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。答案需要从文章的“The idea was to test the power of word-of-mouth marketing. By filming a ‘rear’ family in unscripted (无剧本的) ‎ situations, my team and I would document how the Morgensons’ circle of friends responded to brands and products the Morgensons bought into their lives.”进行推断。‎ ‎【答案定位】根据第二段中的最后部分“The idea was to test the power of word-of-mouth marketing. By filming a ‘rear’ family in unscripted (无剧本的) situations, my team and I would document how the Morgensons’ circle of friends responded to brands and products the Morgensons bought into their lives.”分析本句中可知他们到Morgenson家是去测试口碑营销的力量。我和我的团队会记录下Morgensons的“朋友圈”对morgensons引入他们生活中的品牌和产品的反映。第四段总结“我们的分析还发现，品牌morgensons用流行得更快，约有三分之一的的morgensons的朋友开始推动这些品牌给他们的朋友而且销售的很好”由此可推断出是对市场营销所做的调查。‎ ‎【推理关系】题干The author and his team went to the Morgenson family home to ☞文章内容The idea was to test the power of word-of-mouth marketing. By filming a ‘rear’ family in unscripted (无剧本的) situations, my team and I would document how the Morgensons’ circle of friends responded to brands and products the Morgensons bought into their lives. ‎ ‎【答案】test the power…would document how the Morgensons’ circle of friends responded to brands and products the Morgensons bought into their lives.☞D选项. carry out marketing research ☞关键词document how the Morgensons’ circle of friends responded to和marketing research。‎ ‎10. C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后“The most powerful hidden persuader of all isn’t …It’s a far more important influence that’s around you almost every waking moment: your very own friends and neighbors. There is nothing quite so persuasive as observing someone we respect or admire using a brand or product.”分析发现最有说服力的营销策略是在周围的影响：那些你敬重的人或你钦佩的人在用某一个品牌或产品。分析C 项（看到他们的朋友使用相同的产品可能会买一种产品。）可知故选C。‎ ‎11. B 推理判断题。根据本文的内容主要是关于一个市场营销手段的测试，可知是关于产品的，与生意有关，故应该是在商业版面的，故选B。‎ ‎[十]‎ Residents in the poorest counties in the U.S. face a life expectancy up to decade shorter than their counterparts in the wealthiest areas, according to a study published in the American Journal of Public Health.‎ Researchers from East Tennessee State University wanted to better understand how socioeconomic status was associated with heath outcomes. To find out they divided the country’s 3,141 counties into 50 new ‘states’ (with 2 percent of the counties in each) based on household income as opposed to geographic proximity (接近).‎ The researchers broke down the data by county since they found state-level data may hide some ‘impact of socioeconomic differences on both the best-off and worst-off counties.’ They then examined health data from the wealthiest and poorest ‘states’ (top and bottom 2 percent) to see how residents differed on factors like smoking, clinical care and excessive drinking. Researchers found that there was nearly a 10-year gap in the life expectancy of men with an average of 79.3 years in the wealthy counties compared to 69.8 years in the poorest. For women, the difference was slightly less - 83 years in the wealthiest counties and 76 years in the poorest.‎ The study authors caution that while they found a connection between socioeconomic status and health outcomes, they did not analyze cause and effect. But they suggest that the data shows how policy makers should not just focus on state-wide initiatives (主动性) but more targeted efforts to help those most at risk. “With limited resources, methods of pinpointing the poorest counties can assist in the allocation of resources ‎ and programs to those communities that are in the greatest need,’’ the study authors wrote.‎ ‎12. How did Researchers divide the counties?‎ A. By social status. B. By income.‎ C. By health. D. By living places.‎ ‎13. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?‎ A. The women difference is less than the man in life expectancy.‎ B. The wealthiest ‘state’ like hiding their wealth.‎ C. Most health data is unbelievable.‎ D. Most poorest ‘state’ smoke and drink a lot.‎ ‎14. What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A. The researchers think their study is perfect.‎ B. People still don’t know the cause of life expectancy.‎ C. The government should learn something from the study.‎ D. The American resources allocation is not fair at all.‎ ‎15. What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Ways to have a long life expectancy B. Great income differences in the USA C. The health problem in the USA D. Men in richest 10 years longer in poorest ‎【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D ‎【解析】 根据研究发现，美国最贫困的县的居民面临的寿命比最富裕地区的同龄人短10岁。‎ ‎12. B ‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段最后“they divided the country’s 3,141 counties into 50 new ‘states’ (with 2 percent of the counties in each) based on household income as opposed to geographic proximity (接近).”分析句意可知他们划分县是根据家庭收入而不是地理上的接近。可知选B．by income(收入)与之相符，故选B。‎ ‎13. A ‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段最后“…expectancy of men with an average of 79.3 years in the wealthy counties compared to 69.8 years in the poorest. For women, the difference was slightly less - 83 years in the wealthiest counties and 76 years in the poorest.” 分析句意可知，富裕国家男性平均寿命为79.3岁，而最贫穷者为69.8岁，平均寿命相差接近10年。对妇女来说，差别稍小一些——在最富有的县83年，在最贫穷的76年（相关只有7岁）。 由知可知妇女之间的差别要比男性小些。分析选项可知A项符合题意。‎ ‎14. C ‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一部分“they suggest that the data shows how policy makers should not just focus on state-wide initiatives (主动性) but more targeted efforts to help those most at risk. “With limited resources, methods of pinpointing the poorest counties can assist in the allocation of resources and programs to those communities that are in the greatest need,”但研究者认为，数据表明政策制定者不应该只关注国家范围的举措，而应努力地更有针对性的帮助贫困县，帮助把有限的资源和分配到这些最需要的社区。分析这句可知是政府应该从他们的研究中吸取教训。故选C。‎ ‎15. D 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“ Residents in the poorest counties in the U.S. face a life expectancy up to decade shorter than their counterparts in the wealthiest areas”分析本句可知，根据美国公共卫生杂志发表的一项研究，美国最贫困的县的居民面临的寿命比最富裕地区的同龄人短10岁。也就是说富裕地地区的居民要比贫穷地方的男子寿命长10年。故选D。‎