【英语】上海市虹口区2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试试题(解析版)

【英语】上海市虹口区2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试试题(解析版)

上海市虹口区2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试 英语试题 I 略 II. Grammar and Vocabulary 20%‎ Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.‎ News From The World of Medicine SHORT ON SLEEP? DON'T FORGET TO DRINK WATER In a Pennsylvania State University study involving more than 20,000 participants, people who said they got only six hours of sleep regularly ran a greater risk of dehydration (脱水) than ___1___ who got eight hours. The reason might lie with a hormone (荷尔蒙) called vasopressin, ___2___ helps control the body’s fluid levels. It’s let out in larger quantities later in the sleep cycle, ___3___ people getting less shut-eye might not have the best amount of it. If you know you’re short on slumber, ___4___ (make) a point of drinking water.‎ TEN-MINUTE CANCER TEST Australian researchers have developed a test ___5___ can discover cancer cells in ten minutes with 90 percent accuracy. Healthy DNA and cancer DNA, it turns out, stick to metal surfaces differently. When cancer DNA ___6___ (add) to water mixed with gold nanoparticles (纳米颗粒), the water remains its rosy color, when healthy DNA is added, the water turns blue. ___7___ the test is cheap and simple, it could be used at your primary care physician's office, with follow-up if necessary.‎ EXERCISE PREVENTS FALLS Each year, at least a third of people ___8___ the age of 65 fall downwards. Research found that there's one factor related to notably reduced risk: exercise. People who took part in Tai Chi fell 19 percent ___9___ (often), while those who did balance and functional exercises, such as ‎ step-ups, chair rises, or standing on one leg, fell 24 percent less often. Most useful of all was ____10____ (combine) different types of exercise, including lifting weights and balance exercises.‎ ‎【答案】1. those ‎2. which 3. so ‎4. make 5. that ‎6. is added ‎7. Because 8. over ‎9. less often ‎10. to combine ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了三则医疗方面的信息，分别是缺乏睡眠的人容易脱水，十分钟癌症测试以及运动可以防止摔倒。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 考查代词。句意：宾夕法尼亚州立大学一项涉及2万多名参与者的研究发现，经常只睡6小时的人比那些睡8小时的人更容易脱水。此处指代“只睡8小时的人们”应用代词those。故填those。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：原因可能在于一种叫做血管加压素的荷尔蒙，它有助于控制身体的液体水平。本句为非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词vasopressin，且先行词在从句中做主语，表示“血管加压素”，故应用关系代词which。故填which。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 考查连词。句意：在睡眠周期的后期，它会大量释放，所以睡眠时间较短的人可能没有最好的睡眠时间。结合上下文语境可知，前后句意为因果关系，故应用连词so。故填so。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 考查祈使句。句意：如果你知道自己睡眠不足，一定要注意喝水。本句为祈使句，句首动词用原形。短语make a point of表示“特别注意……”。故填make。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。句意：澳大利亚研究人员开发了一种检测方法，可以在十分钟内发现癌细胞，准确率高达90%。本句为定语从句修饰先行词test，且先行词在从句中做主语，表示“测试方法”故用关系代词that。故填that。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 考查动词时态语态。句意：当把癌症DNA加入到含有金纳米颗粒的水中时，水仍然是玫瑰色，当加入健康的DNA时，水变成蓝色。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据下文the water remains its rosy color可知，为一般现在时，主语为cancer DNA，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is added。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 考查连接词。句意：因为这个测试既便宜又简单，所以可以在你的初级保健医生办公室使用，必要时可以进行随访。本句为原因状语从句，表示“因为”，句首字母要大写。故填Because。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：每年，至少有三分之一的65岁以上人口跌倒。结合句意表示年龄上的“超过，在……以上”应用介词over。故填over。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 考查比较级。句意：参加太极拳锻炼的人减少了19%，而那些进行平衡和功能锻炼的人，比如步态提升、椅子上升或单腿站立的人减少了24%。根据下文fell 24 percent less often.可知，此处都是表示运动的人跌倒减少的百分比，故填less often。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：最有用的是把不同类型的运动结合起来，包括举重和平衡运动。此处应用动词不定式做表语说明主语的具体内容。故填to combine。‎ Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ The Floating School Life on the islands can feel a bit isolated due to a lack of electricity and internet connectivity.‎ Although some of the islands have primary schools, most young people must travel to the larger islands or to the mainland to attend high school. Schools on the islands follow the ___11___ curriculum (课程). They don't teach subjects such as maritime skills, swimming or local fishing traditions, and so the curriculum isn't always ___12___ with students' everyday life.‎ So, we ___13___ the Floating School after winning funding through a US State Department grant competition called Seeds for the Future. Before we started the school, we spoke with young people, community leaders and teachers on the islands to find out the topics young people are most interested in. We also learned about the various ___14___ of students and young people who don't go to school. Thus, we ___15___ our own non-formal educational programme that fits with the context of life on the islands. For example, those working in fishing have responsibility ___16___ the marine life, so we teach environmental protection and discourage destructive fishing practices.‎ The Floating School is a wooden boat that can ___17___ up to twenty people and it goes to the students, not the other way around -- we use it to transport educational materials, tools, and teachers to young people living on the islands. Our teachers are local young ___18___— so far we have had journalists, photographers, computer engineers and musicians — and students who want to ___19___ their skills.‎ At first, many of the young people thought the Floating School would be the same as their schools on the islands. They had thought of the teachers to be _____20_____. But our students learn through art, media and literature. They don't have to wear uniforms or shoes, and the teachers treat the students as equals, without judging them. This means our students can be themselves.‎ ‎【答案】11. J 12. I ‎13. C 14. K ‎15. E 16. A ‎17. H 18. D ‎19. F 20. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由一艘木船组成，可以最多搭载20人的水上学校。文章说明了水上学校开设的原因，以及水上学校所开展的有自己特色的非正规教育方案，以及学生们对水上学校的评价和看法。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：岛上的学校遵循国家课程。此处修饰名词curriculum应用形容词，且表示“国家的”，故填national。故选J。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：他们不教授海事技能、游泳或当地捕鱼传统等课程，因此课程并不总是与学生的日常生活相关。结合句意表示“与……相关”短语为be connected with，故填connected。故选I。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：因此，我们通过美国国务院的一项名为“未来种子”的拨款竞赛赢得了资金，从而建立了这所水上学校。结合句意表示“建立”动词为found，且建立学校发生在过去，故应用一般过去时。故填founded。故选C。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：我们还了解了学生和不上学的年轻人所关心的各种问题。根据上文various为形容词修饰名词可知，应填名词concern，且concern为可数名词，由various修饰应用复数形式，故填concerns。故选K。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：因此，我们启动了自己的非正规教育方案，适合岛上的生活情况。结合句意表示“启动”应用动词launch，再根据上文We also learned about可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填launched。故选E。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：例如，那些在渔业工作的人有责任保护海洋生物，所以我们教环境保护和劝阻破坏性的捕捞做法。根据句意表示“保护”应为动词preserve，且根据上文have responsibility do sth.“有责任做某事”可知，后跟动词原形，故填preserve。故选A。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：这所漂浮的学校是一艘最多能载20人的木船，它开向学生，而不是学生到它这儿来——我们用它向岛上的年轻人运送教育材料、工具和教师。结合句意表示“最多搭载”短语为carry up to，且can后跟动词原形，故填carry。故选H。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：我们的老师都是当地年轻的专业人士——到目前为止，我们有记者、摄影师、计算机工程师和音乐家——还有学生想要分享他们的技能。结合句意表示“专业人士”且由形容词young修饰，应填名词professional，结合后文可知，专业人士不止一个故用名词的复数形式，故填professionals。故选D。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：我们的老师都是当地年轻的专业人士——到目前为止，我们有记者、摄影师、计算机工程师和音乐家——还有学生想要分享他们的技能。结合句意表示“分享”应用动词share，根据上文want to do sth.“想要做某事”可知，应填动词原形。故填share。故选F。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：他们原以为老师很严格。此处做be动词的表语，结合句意表示“严格的”形容词为strict，填strict。故选B。‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ School Counselors (辅导员) Matter Overwhelmed (压垮) by homework? Worried about a friend? Feel like you don't fit in? Sometimes it's impossible to ___21___ tough times alone. Problems can build up and you may suffer from insomnia (失眠), have difficulty concentrating, or even become depressed. It's time for you to talk to someone. Your school counselor can be a great place to start.‎ A high school counselor who is a licensed professional offers a variety of ___22___ to high school students. He or she often provides advice and resources to students regarding their future college and ___23___ plans. A counselor may also help students who are ___24___ behavioral problems, family issues and stress. He or she often acts as a grief counselor to students in the event of an accident or other ___25___ situations. The job is quite demanding. ___26___, high school counselors are often very knowledgeable about developmental and family psychology, and skilled at providing direct therapy for troubled individuals.‎ Counselors meet with students individually or in small groups. Group meetings can really help people who are dealing with ___27___ issues. Not only do you get great ideas in a group setting, but it can also help to know that other students are experiencing the same thing and that they understand. How ___28___ you meet with your counselor depends on the issue. Some concerns are dealt with in a one-time meeting. Others require regular meetings for a while.‎ School counselors are all about helping to make your school experience the best it can be. The role of the school counselor today is very ___29___ what it was like in the past. Instead of ‎ just focusing on schoolwork and careers, today's counselors are there for students in a broader way. They help students address almost any problem that might get in the way of learning, guide students to productive futures, and try to create a _____30_____ environment for everyone at school.‎ ‎21. A. get off B. get through C. get in D. get to ‎22. A. services B. activities C. opportunities D. arguments ‎23. A. housing B. career C. training D. family ‎24. A. accustomed to B. sticking with C. committed to D. struggling with ‎25. A. unfamiliar B. unreasonable C. unforgettable D. unexpected ‎26. A. Otherwise B. However C. Therefore D. Rather ‎27. A. difficult B. personal C. similar D. emergent ‎28. A. long B. soon C. much D. often ‎29. A. different from B. dependent on C. close to D. famous for ‎30. A. competitive B. positive C. social D. working ‎【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了高中辅导员是有执照的专业人员，为高中生提供各种各样的服务，经常为学生提供关于未来大学和职业规划的建议和资源。同时介绍了辅导员的工作内容，以及辅导员的重要性。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时候一个人是不可能度过困难时期的。A. get off下车；B. get through度过，熬过；C. get in进入；D. get to到达。根据后文Problems can build up and you may suffer from insomnia可知，此处是指一个人去度过那些困难的时期。故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：高中辅导员是有执照的专业人员，为高中生提供各种各样的服务。A. services服务；B. activities活动；C. opportunities机会；D. arguments争论。根据后文He or she often provides advice and resources to students可知，高中辅导员是为高中生提供各种各样建议和资源的服务的。故选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他或她经常为学生提供关于未来大学和职业规划的建议和资源。A. housing房屋；B. career职业，事业；C. training训练；D. family家庭。根据上文future college可知，大学之后应当是就业问题，故也提供职业规划建议和资源。短语career plan“职业规划”。故选B。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：辅导员也可以帮助那些正在行为问题、家庭问题和压力中挣扎的学生。A. accustomed to习惯于；B. sticking with坚持；C. committed to致力于；D. struggling with挣扎，与……争斗。根据后文behavioral problems, family issues and stress可知，这些都是不好的事情，应用是指在这些问题中挣扎。故选D。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在发生意外或其他意外情况时，他或她经常充当学生的悲伤顾问。A. unfamiliar不熟悉的；B. unreasonable不合理的；C. unforgettable难忘的；D. unexpected意外的。根据上文an accident or other可知，此处是指意外故事或者其他意外情况。故选D。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，高中辅导员通常对发展心理学和家庭心理学非常了解，并且擅长为有问题的个人提供直接治疗。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Rather不如说。结合上下文语境可知，此处为因果关系，应用therefore。故选C。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：小组会议真的可以帮助那些正在应对类似问题的人。A. difficult困难的；B. personal个人的；C. similar类似的；D. emergent紧急的。结合后文Not only do you get great ideas in a group setting, but it can also help to know that other students are experiencing the same thing and that they understand.可知，小组会议中都是与你有着类似问题的人们。故选C。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：你多久见一次你的辅导员取决于这个问题。A. long长期地；B. soon不久；C. much许多；D. often经常。结合后文Some concerns are dealt with in a one-time meeting.可知，此处是指与辅导员会面的频率，短语how often“多久一次”。故选D。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查形容词短语辨析。句意：如今学校辅导员的角色与过去大不相同。A. different from不同于；B. dependent on依赖于；C. close to靠近；D. famous for以……著称。结合后文Instead of just focusing on schoolwork and careers, today's counselors are there for students in a broader way.可知，如今的辅导员与过去的辅导员大不相同了。故选A。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们帮助学生解决几乎所有可能妨碍学习的问题，引导学生走向有成效的未来，并努力为学校里的每个人创造一个积极的环境。A. competitive竞争的；B. positive积极的；C. social社会的；D. working有工作的。结合上文guide students to productive futures, and try to create a可知，辅导员引导学生走向有成效的未来，并努力为学校里的每个人创造一个积极的环境。故选B。‎ Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎(A)‎ Born in the 1950s, shopping malls were once the symbol of the U.S. consumer culture, but many are now dying out.‎ Dying shopping malls can be found across the United States, often in middle-class suburbs. Economic decline in certain areas together with an upward trend towards online shopping and new forms of urban shopping centers have pushed the once seemingly unbeatable shopping malls into decline. It is estimated that 15 to 50 percent of shopping malls may close in the coming decades.‎ American shopping culture follows its housing culture. Numerous shopping malls were therefore born after the Second World War, as Americans with cars and fat wallets moved to the suburbs. U.S. shopping malls were built at a rapid pace as shoppers fled cities, peaking in the mid-1990s when they were being built at a rate of 140 a year. Thus, too many shopping malls are left though construction has gradually decreased since then.‎ Currently, there are around 1,500 shopping malls across the U.S. Most share a handful of similar feature. They usually contain two or three stories of stores separated by walkways. Food courts serve pizza and other fast food. Parking lots are big enough to easily misplace a car.‎ Shopping malls in Europe might contain grocery stores or childcare centers, while those in Japan are often built around mass transit (交通枢纽). But the suburban American shopping malls are hard to get to and mainly sell clothes and gifts.‎ As many shopping malls became redundant (过剩的), leaders in many U.S. towns who once fought for malls now struggle with how to transform them to new uses. Highland Mall in Texas is being transformed into a community college campus, and Lakeland Mall in Florida now houses a megachurch (大型教会). Others have been redeveloped to include housing, offices and even green space. However, it is hard to imagine every shopping mall meeting the demands for such transformations.‎ ‎31. What is this passage mainly about?‎ A. The introduction to American consumer culture.‎ B. The changes in Americans' shopping habits.‎ C. The growth of American shopping centers.‎ D. The decline of American shopping malls.‎ ‎32. When did the construction speed of IS shopping malls reach the highest point?‎ A. After the Second World War B. In the mid-1990s.‎ C. After mass transit appeared. D. In the 2000s.‎ ‎33. What do many U.S. towns do to solve the redundant shopping malls?‎ A. They make them look different from each other.‎ B. They make them more accessible to the public.‎ C. They change them to serve other purposes.‎ D. They move them to the urban areas.‎ ‎【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国曾经盛极一时的购物中心正在衰落。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第一段Born in the 1950s, shopping malls were once the symbol of the U.S. consumer culture, but many are now dying out.‎ ‎ (购物中心诞生于20世纪50年代，曾是美国消费文化的象征，但现在许多购物中心正在衰落)结合文章说明了购物中心的衰落的原因和当初修建的原因。以及随着许多购物中心变得多余，许多美国城镇通过将购物中心改造成其他用途来解决这一问题。由此可知，文章主要介绍了美国购物中心的衰落。故选D。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段中U.S. shopping malls were built at a rapid pace as shoppers fled cities, peaking in the mid-1990s when they were being built at a rate of 140 a year. (随着购物者逃离城市，美国的购物中心建设速度很快，在上世纪90年代中期达到顶峰，当时购物中心的建设速度为每年140座)可知，购物中心的建设速度在20世纪90年代中期达到最高点。故选B。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句As many shopping malls became redundant, leaders in many U.S. towns who once fought for malls now struggle with how to transform them to new uses. (随着许多购物中心变得多余，许多曾经为购物中心而战的美国城镇的领导人现在正在努力把它们变成新的用途)可知，许多美国城镇通过将购物中心改造成其他用途来解决多余的购物中心。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。‎ 如第二小题属于一一对应型，根据第三段中U.S. shopping malls were built at a rapid pace as shoppers fled cities, peaking in the mid-1990s when they were being built at a rate of 140 a year. (随着购物者逃离城市，美国的购物中心建设速度很快，在上世纪90年代中期达到顶峰，当时购物中心的建设速度为每年140座)可知，购物中心的建设速度在20世纪90年代中期达到最高点。故选B。‎ ‎(B)‎ ‎34. This passage is mainly intended to _______.‎ A. Advertise a university programme B. promote a newly built school C. Provide suggestions for summer trips D. introduce a well-known college ‎35. All of the following are the features of Imperial Global Summer School EXCEPT that _______.‎ A. it is ideally situated B. it offers scholarships C. it has excellent teachers D. it enrolls international students ‎36. Which of the following statements is true of Imperial Global Summer School?‎ A. It gives just one session every year.‎ B. Most of its students thought highly of it.‎ C. It is intended for students interested in city life.‎ D. Its students need to find accommodation by themselves.‎ ‎【答案】34. A 35. B 36. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一则广告。文章主要介绍了一个大学项目——Imperial Global Summer School的相关信息，包括招收学生、职工团队、开课日期时间等。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据文章中What is Imperial Global Summer School?及Why choose our Global Summer School?可知，文章主要是为Imperial Global Summer School做广告，根据第一段内容可知，Imperial Global Summer School是一个大学项目。故选A。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中Imperial Global Summer School brings together more than 300 students from across the global( Imperial Global Summer School将来自全球各地的300多名学生聚集在一起)以及the programme is delivered by academic staff from Imperial, a world top ten university. (该课程由世界排名前十的帝国理工学院的教职工授课)；以及文章最后Central London location(伦敦市中心的位置)可知，Imperial Global Summer School的特色是有优秀的教师团队、招收国际学生以及理想的地理位置，而B选项“提供奖学金”没有提到。故选B。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据文章中99% of students would recommend the programme. (99%的学生将会推荐这个项目)可知，Imperial Global Summer School的大多数学生对它评价很高。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】隐含意义推理判断题。这类题的题干中常含有：infer/suggest/imply/conclude/intend/purpose/be likely to等标志性词语。解决这类问题时要理解文章潜在的含义和作者所给的提示。同时，要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作出合理的猜测和推断。‎ 如第1小题，根据文章中What is Imperial Global Summer School?及Why choose our Global Summer School?可知，文章主要是为Imperial Global Summer School做广告，根据第一段内容可知，Imperial Global Summer School是一个大学项目。故选A。‎ ‎(C)‎ Music. We hear it everywhere, every day. Getting into a lift, going around a supermarket or simply relaxing at home, music is our constant companion. And music can have a significant effect on the way we think and feel, so it's worth paying attention to what we're listening to.‎ Music can have a powerful effect on our moods, in terms of both reducing and increasing stress. Listening to calm gentle music in bed can help us drop off to sleep. Some airlines play smoothing music on board planes at take-off and landing, to calm nervous travelers. Athletes often listen to fast loud music to help them prepare for games. The American swimmer Michael Phelps is known to listen to rap music before important races to help pump him up.‎ The mood-altering effect of music can be especially acute for the people who actually play the music. Musicians who do not have high self-esteem (自尊心) can suddenly overflow with confidence once they go on stage. It's as though the music gives them a different personality.‎ And it's not only those who feel ill at ease with themselves who can benefit. Scientists have conducted research into the effect of music on students studying for exams. They found that listening to calm music with a regular beat can actually help students recall facts and improve their performance in exams. Classical music, preferably something by Mozart, seems to have the most beneficial effect. A word of caution, however: it's best not to over-rely on this method, as you won't be able to listen to music in an exam.‎ For most of us though, music is one of life's great pleasures. And it's a pleasure that endures. Researchers have found that we don't often grow out of the music that we love as teenagers, because our musical tastes are such a huge part of our identity, personality and outlook on life. So don't delete those songs you downloaded when you were fifteen - you'll probably still love them when you're fifty.‎ ‎37. What would be the best kind of music to play to nervous drivers stuck in traffic jam?‎ A. Rap music. B. Gentle classical music.‎ C. Cheerful folk music. D. Heavy metal music.‎ ‎38. The word "acute" in paragraph 3 most probably means _______ in the passage.‎ A. powerful B. controllable C. complex D. opposite ‎39. Which of the following statements about music is true according to the passage?‎ A. Pop music improves students' academic performance.‎ B. Music has magic power to change musicians' personality.‎ C. Music generally influence people's thoughts and emotions.‎ D. Sportsmen listen to fast music to relieve their stress before games.‎ ‎40. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A. Musical tastes affect our characters to a great extent.‎ B. We have to find ways to make the pleasure of music last.‎ C. We will be fond of different kinds of music as we grow up.‎ D. A part of our personality and tastes are well developed in our teens.‎ ‎【答案】37. B 38. A 39. C 40. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了音乐对人的思想和情感有很大的影响。文章说明了不同的音乐对人们情绪的影响不同，以及研究人员还发现音乐在很大程度上能影响人们的性格。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第二段中Some airlines play smoothing music on board planes at take-off and landing, to calm nervous travelers. (一些航空公司在飞机起飞和降落时播放舒缓的音乐，以安抚紧张的旅客)可推知，对于堵车的司机来说，听温和舒缓的古典音乐最好。故选B。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据后文Musicians who do not have high self-esteem can suddenly overflow with confidence once they go on stage. It's as though the music gives them a different personality. 可知，没有高度自尊的音乐家一旦走上舞台就会突然充满自信。就好像音乐赋予了他们不同的个性。即音乐对情绪的改变作用对于真正演奏音乐的人来说尤其强大。故划线单词意思是“强大的”。故选A。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中And music can have a significant effect on the way we think and feel, so it's worth paying attention to what we're listening to. (音乐对我们的思想和感受有很大的影响，所以我们应该注意听什么)可知，音乐通常影响人们的思想和情感。故选C。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Researchers have found that we don't often grow out of the music that we love as teenagers, because our musical tastes are such a huge part of our identity, personality and outlook on life.‎ ‎ (研究人员发现，我们在青少年时期喜欢的音乐并不多，因为我们的音乐品味在我们的身份、个性和人生观中占了很大一部分)可推知，音乐品味在很大程度上影响我们的性格。故选A。‎ Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‎ Are You Treated Too Nicely?‎ A new study found that when trying to build high self-esteem in children, parents may unconsciously be creating little narcissists (自恋狂). ___41___‎ Parents who are always praising their children may be trying to develop high self-esteem. ___42___ In fact, too much special treatment can lead to narcissistic behavior.‎ ‎"___43___ That may not be good for them or for society." Brad Bushman, co-author of the study and professor of communication and psychology at the Ohio State University, said in a press release. "People with high self-esteem think they're as good as others, whereas narcissists think they're better than others."‎ This study, as well as previous studies about parent-child relationships Bushman has worked on, caused him to alter his own parenting style. When he began his research, he thought that children should be treated like they are special by their parents. ___44___ He said that interventions (干预) can help parents learn how to better support their children.‎ ‎"Parent training interventions can, for example, teach parents to express affection and appreciation toward children without telling children that they are superior to others," Bushman said. "Future studies should test whether this can work."‎ A. Now he is careful not to follow that model.‎ B. Children whose parents tell them they are special are more likely to become narcissists.‎ C. But actually, they have realized that they are running their children.‎ D. Children believe it when their parents tell them that they are more special than others.‎ E. And he carefully carries out the principle.‎ F. However, the study showed that loving and emotionally warm parents are more likely to have confident kids.‎ ‎【答案】41. B 42. F 43. D 44. A ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，总是表扬孩子的父母可能是在试图培养孩子的自尊心。然而，研究表明，充满爱心和情感温暖的父母更有可能生出自信的孩子。事实上，过多的特殊待遇会导致自恋行为。研究人员指出父母培训干预可以教会父母表达对孩子的喜爱和欣赏，而不必告诉孩子他们比别人优越。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 上文A new study found that when trying to build high self-esteem in children, parents may unconsciously be creating little narcissists(自恋狂).(一项新的研究发现，当试图在孩子身上建立高度自尊时，父母可能会无意识地培养出小的自恋者)中的“narcissists”可对应到B选项中“become narcissists”，都是在说明父母对孩子成为自恋者的影响。B选项“父母告诉孩子他们很特别的孩子，更有可能成为自恋者”符合上下文语境。故选B。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 根据上文Parents who are always praising their children may be trying to develop high self-esteem.(总是表扬孩子的父母可能是在试图培养孩子的自尊心)可推知，本句承接上文说明哪些父母可以培养出有自信的孩子，故F选项“然而，研究表明，充满爱心和情感温暖的父母更有可能生出自信的孩子”符合上下文语境。故选F。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 根据后文People with high self-esteem think they're as good as others, whereas narcissists think they're better than others.(自尊心强的人认为自己和别人一样好，而自恋者认为自己比别人更好)可推知，孩子成为自恋者是因为父母告诉这些孩子他们比别人更特别，而这些孩子相信了。故D选项“当父母告诉孩子们他们比别人更特别时，孩子们就相信了”符合上下文语境。故选D。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 根据上文This study, as well as previous studies about parent-child relationships Bushman has worked on, caused him to alter his own parenting style. When he began his research, he thought that children should be treated like they are special by their parents. (这项研究，以及之前Bushman所从事的关于亲子关系的研究，使他改变了自己的育儿方式。当他开始他的研究时，他认为孩子应该被他们的父母当作特殊的人来对待)可知，Bushman对亲子关系的研究改变了自己的育儿方式，故他现在开始学着不去遵循将孩子当作特殊的人来对待的模式了。故A选项“现在他小心翼翼地不去遵循那个模式”符合上下文语境。故选A。‎ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentence English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎45. 父亲参与家庭教育对孩子的成长有积极的影响。(involve)‎ ‎46. 这款应用程序操作便捷，不妨下载一个在手机里。(better)‎ ‎47. 我的祖父人老心不老，他很幽默，常常会逗乐年轻人。(remain)‎ ‎48. 虽然过春节时城市里不准燃放烟花，但人们仍觉得少不了要热闹庆祝一番。(it)‎ ‎【答案】45. Fathers’ being involved/Involving fathers in family education has a positive effect on children’s growth.‎ ‎46. The App is easy to use/user-friendly, so you’d better download one on your mobile phone.‎ ‎47. My grandfather who/that remains young at heart is so humorous that he often amuses the young people.‎ ‎48. Although it isn’t allowed to let off fireworks, people still think it necessary to celebrate the spring festival warmly.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查固定短语和非谓语动词。固定短语have a positive effect on“对……有积极影响”；本句中involve可用动名词短语involving fathers或fathers’ being involved做主语，时态为一般现在时，主语为动名词短语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故翻译为Fathers’ being involved/Involving fathers in family education has a positive effect on children’s growth.‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。固定短语be easy to do sth.“做某事很容易”；had better do sth.“最好做某事”；表示“操作便捷”可用短语be user-friendly。结合句意应用一般现在时，且上下文为因果关系，应用so连接，第一句主语为App，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故翻译为The App is easy to use/user-friendly, so you’d better download one on your mobile phone.‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查定语从句和状语从句。本句为限定性定语从句修饰先行词grandfather，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，故用关系代词who/that；且本句为so…that…引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。结合句意应用一般现在时，主语为grandfather，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故翻译为My grandfather who/that remains young at heart is so humorous that he often amuses the young people.‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查状语从句和it的用法。固定短语let off fireworks“放烟花”；本句为让步状语从句，表示“虽然”且位于句首故用although引导；固定句式it be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”，为it做形式主语结构；固定用法“think+it+形容词”表示“认为……怎么样”，为it做形式宾语结构。结合句意应用一般现在时。故翻译为Although it isn’t allowed to let off fireworks, people still think it necessary to celebrate the spring festival warmly.‎ V. Guided Writing ‎49.Directions: Write an English composition in 100-120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.‎ 常言道：“良言一句三冬暖，恶语伤人六月寒”。一句鼓励的话能给人带来温暖，一句伤人的话会使人情绪低落。请你结合某一次经历，讲述自己的故事和感受。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】 As the saying goes, a good word can make people feel warm in winter while a bad word can make them feel cold in summer. It reminds us that simple warm words can lift up a person who loses heart and help him make it through the day while a destructive word to someone depressed can be what it takes to kill him. Here is my story about this saying.‎ Last summer vacation, I went to the bank alone to withdraw money. But there were a lot of people at the counter, so I used the ATM which also were crowded. I waited at the back of the line and finally it was my turn. But after I inserted my card into the machine, the machine went wrong. I tried many times and failed. People behind me got more and more anxious, and some even started swearing. Just as I was getting really embarrassed, a woman behind me whispered in my ear, “Don’t worry and take your time. Let me help you, kid.” Later, with her help, I managed to withdraw the money.‎ I was very grateful to that lady, whose words brought great warmth to me. From then on, I also decided to pass on this kind behavior.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇开放性写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，常言道：“良言一句三冬暖，恶语伤人六月寒”。一句鼓励的话能给人带来温暖，一句伤人的话会使人情绪低落。请你结合某一次经历，讲述自己的故事和感受。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：warmth(温暖)；hurtful (令人感到伤痛的)；withdraw money (取钱)；go wrong (出毛病)等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般过去时。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如But there were a lot of people at the counter, so I used the ATM which also were crowded.运用了定语从句；But after I inserted my card into the machine, the machine went wrong.运用了时间状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎