【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题第一讲词汇辨析学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题第一讲词汇辨析学案

‎ 考点突破篇 第一讲　词汇辨析 考点1　单词辨析 ‎——形形色色的单词 ‎1.(2017·江苏卷)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________ your year ahead.‎ A.shape B.switch ‎ C.stretch D.sharpen 答案　A　[句意：到了年底，快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败，这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape“影响(某事物的发展)”，符合语境。switch转换，转变；stretch变大，拉长；sharpen使变锋利，使增强。]‎ ‎2.(2016·江苏卷)—Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life?‎ ‎—Living every day to the full，definitely.‎ A.recipe B.record ‎ C.range D.receipt 答案　A　[句意：——你能告诉我们你快乐与长寿的秘诀吗？——确切地说，是充实地过好每一天。根据答语可知，此处问的是快乐与长寿的秘诀。recipe秘诀，诀窍，符合语境。record记录；range范围；receipt收据，都与语境不符。]‎ ‎3.(2016·江苏卷)He did not ________ easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.‎ A.approach B.wrestle C.compromise D.communicate 答案　C　[句意：他不容易妥协，但他很愿意接受有关这项崇高事业方面的任何建设性的建议。compromise妥协，符合语境。]‎ ‎4.(2015·江苏卷)Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to ‎ ________ to their greatest potential.‎ A.accelerate B.improve ‎ C.perform D.develop 答案　D　[句意：学校应该是鼓励个人发展他们最大潜力的、充满活力的地方。accelerate加速；improve改善；perform执行；develop发展。]‎ ‎1.(2019·江苏卷)Nowadays the ________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.‎ A.priority B.potential C.proportion D.pension 答案　A　[句意：如今，旅游的重点(priority)从购物转向了食物和风景。potential潜力；proportion比例；pension养老金。]‎ ‎2.(2019·江苏卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind，________ man’s intelligence and creativity.‎ A.resembling B.reflecting C.reviewing D.restoring 答案　B　[句意：城市是人的手和思想的产物，反映(reflect)了人的智慧和创造力。resemble像；与……类似；review回顾；复查；restore恢复；修复。]‎ ‎3.(2018·江苏卷)Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might ________ the things they see.‎ A.indicate B.investigate C.imitate D.innovate 答案　C　[句意：孩子们不应该看暴力影片，因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的内容。imitate“模仿”符合句意。indicate“暗示”；investigate“调查”；innovate“创新”。]‎ ‎4.(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ________ you’ve made.‎ A.assignment B.association C.acquisition D.assumption 答案　D　[根据句中的actually可知选择assumption，表示“要努力弄懂事实上正在发生的事情而不是把你的行为建立在假设之上”。assignment“任务，作业”；association“协会；团体；联系；联想”；acquisition“获得；习得”。]‎ ‎5.(2017·江苏卷)Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death，smart-phones defeated ________ PCs in sales.‎ A.controversial B.contradictory C.confidential D.conventional 答案　D　[句意：在乔布斯去世仅5年后，智能手机在销量上打败了传统电脑。controversial 有争议的；contradictory矛盾的；confidential机密的；conventional 传统的， 故选D。]‎ ‎6.(2015·江苏卷)Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.‎ A.judgments B.adjustments C.comments D.achievements 答案　B　[句意：为了与国家足球改革相一致，一些学校将必须做出调整。judgement判断；adjustment调整；适应；comment评论；achievement成果，成就。]‎ ‎1.(2019·江苏卷)Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ________ options to exercise.‎ A.casual B.regular ‎ C.flexible D.tight 答案　C　[句意：与传统健身房不同，应用程序支持的健身房为人们提供了灵活的(flexible)锻炼选择。casual随便的；偶然的；regular定期的，经常的；tight紧的，严密的。]‎ ‎2.(2015·江苏卷)—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.‎ ‎—I’d like to，but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ________.‎ A.requests B.excuses ‎ C.apologies D.regrets 答案　C　[句意：——去向你妈妈道歉，戴夫。——我想去，但我担心她对我的道歉不满意。request要求，请求；excuse理由，借口；apology道歉，致歉；regret懊悔，遗憾。根据前面的“say sorry”可知选C项。]‎ ‎3.(2014·江苏卷)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to ________ the soul of Qu Yuan.‎ A.remember B.remind C.recover D.recall 答案　D　[句意：传说中端午节的起源是为了召回屈原的灵魂。A.“记起”；B.提醒，使记起；C.恢复；痊愈；D.召回，回想起，记起。根据语境可知端午节划龙舟的风俗是由屈原投江后人们想召回其灵魂的行为演化而来的，故选D。]‎ ‎4.(2014·江苏卷)I can’t meet you on Sunday.I’ll be ________ occupied.‎ A.also B.just C.nevertheless D.otherwise 答案　D　[句意：我星期天不能见你，因为到时我将会有其他的事要忙。A.也……；B.恰好；C.然而，不过；D.另外；在其他方面，根据语境可知选D。]‎ ‎5.(2014·江苏卷)Good families are much to all their members，but ________ to none.‎ A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 答案　C　[句意：好的家庭对他们所有的成员都意味着很多，但对谁也不意味着全部。根据语境中much说明意味着很多，很重要，但是“but”告诉我们家庭不是一切，与后文中的to none形成部分否定之意。]‎ ‎1.(2018·江苏卷)Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is ________ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.‎ A.keen B.reluctant C.anxious D.ready 答案　B　[句意：尽管这家旅馆服务差，但是经理却不愿投资对员工进行足够的培训。reluctant“不情愿的，勉强的”符合句意。]‎ ‎2.(2017·江苏卷)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But ________explanations are hard to find.‎ A.alternative B.aggressive C.ambiguous D.apparent 答案　A　[句意：恐龙的灭绝并不必然是由天文事件引起的，但很难找到其他的解释。alternative 可替代的；aggressive挑衅的；ambiguous模棱两可的；apparent 明显的， 故选A。]‎ ‎3.(2016·江苏卷)His comprehensive surveys have provided the most ________‎ ‎ statements of how，and on what basis，data are collected.‎ A.explicit B.ambiguous C.original D.arbitrary 答案　A　[句意：他全面的调查提供了最详尽清楚的关于如何收集，在什么基础上收集的陈述。explicit详述的；明晰的；ambiguous含糊的，不明确的；original起初的，原来的；arbitrary随机选择的，随心所欲的，无理由的。]‎ ‎4.(2014·江苏卷)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful ________ in last year’s election.‎ A.symbol B.portrait ‎ C.identity D.statue 答案　A　[句意：她两年前被软禁，但在去年的大选中仍然是一个有强大影响力的象征。A.“象征；符号；标志”；B.“肖像；描写”；C.“身份”；D.“雕像；塑像”，根据语境，人们已把她看作一种有强大影响力的代表人物，故选A。]‎ ‎5.(2015·江苏卷)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ________ review of the case.‎ A.comprehensive B.complicated C.conscious D.crucial 答案　A　[句意：警官们决定对该案件进行一次彻底和全面的审查。comprehensive综合的，广泛的；complicated复杂的；conscious有意识的；crucial至关重要的。根据and判断，所填词和thorough(彻底的；细致的)意思相近，故选A项。]‎ 一、三方法解决名词辨析题 ‎1.利用固定搭配和习惯表达 ‎2.利用句子的平衡、对比等结构 ‎3.充分把握具体的语境 二、形容词词义辨析法 形容词的考查在高考试题中比较多，具体在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项。‎ 三、副词词义辨析法 副词的考查在高考试 题中也比较多，具体在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项。具体来说，要注意：(1)一些副词的具体含义；(2)一些副词在具体句子中的辨析。‎ 四、动词词义辨析 语境词义辨析的关键是要理解句意以及上下文语境，其次要注意以下两点：一是要注意该动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，是持续性动词还是终止性动词；二是要注意一些特殊的动词，如连系动词等。这样就能做到有的放矢。‎ 词语辨析是高考的热点，主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力，因而在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。近几年考查的词语辨析主要有以下几种形式：‎ 一、一词多义和熟词生义 在英语中，大部分词都是多义词。往往一个词的使用率越高，其词义就越多。一词多义和熟词生义现象对准确理解句意形成了很大的障碍。因此，在平常学习英语的过程中，关注这一现象，并尽可能多地掌握理解词汇的诸多意义，显得格外重要。‎ 二、判断一词多义单词的具体词义的常见方法 ‎1.根据词类定词义 在英语中有些单词作为不同词性时，意思是大不相同的。如：英语单词“back”：‎ ‎(1)作名词：back 意为“背面，背部”等 My dress ties at the back.‎ 我的衣服在背后打结。‎ ‎(2)作动词：back 意为“支持”‎ I’ll back him against all the others.‎ 我将支持他反对所有其他人。‎ ‎(3)作形容词：back 意为“过期的”‎ a back issue过期的期刊 ‎(4)作副词：back意为“回来”‎ Tom will be back at once；hang on.‎ 汤姆马上就回来，别挂断电话。‎ 因此，在背英语单词的过程中要注意不要只背单词常用的词义，也要把其他词类的词义记住，这样才能保证在以后的考试中不丢分。‎ ‎2.根据专业定词义 一个名词有多种意义时，往往适用于不同的学科和专业。这类一词多义现象，是由各行各业都尽量利用常用词汇去表达各自的专业概念造成的。‎ 单词“body”在以下领域词义不同：‎ 天文学：The sun is the central body of the solar system.‎ 太阳是太阳系的中心天体。‎ 航空：The speed of a plane is associated with the shape of its body and wings.‎ 飞机的速度与机身及机翼的形状有关。‎ 因此，在平时的学习中要注意英语单词在各种不同学科中的不同译法， 这样才能使译文更为符合汉语的表达习惯。‎ ‎3.根据搭配确定词义 一般说来，对于一个孤立的词，其词义是游移不定的。但当其处于特定的搭配关系中时，它因受到周围词的制约，词义就会明朗化了。比如hot的词义很多，但在特定的搭配关系中词义就很明确。‎ hot bath 　　　　　　　　热水浴 a hot temper 暴躁的脾气 a hot band 走红的乐队 hot music 节奏强的音乐 hot news 最新消息 a hot favourite 最被看好的选手 hot dispute 激烈争论 This curry is too hot. 这咖喱太辣了。‎ 因此，遇到英语多义词时要仔细结合上下文去反复推敲，切忌望词生义，不求甚解。尤其遇到多义常用词时，不要想当然地用自己知道的常用的意思去翻译，要结合上下文，结合语境，才能更好地理解文章想要表达的意思。‎ 三、同缀词和形近词——形相似，意不同 ‎1.以-tion，-ation，-sion，-ment，-tance，-tence等结尾的名词 ‎(1)expectation 期待　　 reputation　　声誉 contribution 贡献 civilization 文明 ‎(2)equipment 设备 entertainment 娱乐 assessment 评估 arrangement 安排 ‎(3)consequence 后果 independence 独立 competence 能力；权限 intelligence 智力 ‎2.以-al，-able，-tive，-ous，-less等结尾的形容词 ‎(1)available 可以得到的 affordable 负担得起的 acceptable 可接受的 valuable 有价值的 ‎(2)special 特殊的 regional 地区的 optional 选择的 original 起初的 ‎(3)adaptive 适应的 objective 客观的 precious 宝贵的 fruitless 无成果的 ‎3.以-ly结尾的副词 hopefully 有希望地 curiously 好奇地 occasionally 偶尔 gradually 逐渐地 ‎4.形近词 ‎(1)command 命令 comparison 比较 compliment 赞美 comment 评论 ‎(2)commitment 承诺，奉献 competition 竞争 accuracy 准确 accompany 陪伴 四、近义词和反义词 ‎(1)remember 记住 remind 提醒；使想起 recover 恢复；重新获得 recall 召回；使想起 ‎(2)simply 简单地；只是 merely 只是；仅仅 五、“无关联”词 ‎(1)symbol 象征 portrait 肖像 identity 身份 statue 雕像 ‎(2)difference 差异，不同 comparison 比较 connection 连接，关系 barrier 屏障，障碍 ‎(3)differ 不同 shrink 收缩 fail 失败，衰退 decline 下降 ‎(4)associate 联系 dispute 争论 negotiate 谈判 register 登记 ‎(5)sacrifice 牺牲 substitute 代替 simplify 简化 survive 存活 ‎(6)awful 可怕的 essential 必要的 impressive 印象深刻的 convenient 便利的 ‎(7)cautious 谨慎的 grateful 感激的 tolerant 忍耐的 wild 狂野的 ‎(8)commercial 商业的 vital 重要的 comparable 类似的，同类的 profitable 有利可图的 ‎(9)dramatic 戏剧性的 regional 地区的 apparent 明显的 subtle 细微的 ‎(10)unchallenged 没有异议的 relevant 相关的 controversial 有争议的 contradictory 矛盾的 考点2　短语辨析 ‎——小小短语，谁是主角 ‎1.(2019·江苏卷)Favorable policies are ________ to encourage employees’‎ ‎ professional development.‎ A.in effect B.in command C.in turn D.in shape 答案　A　[句意：优惠政策有效地鼓励了员工的职业发展。in effect意为“在实施中；有效”，符合语境。in command负责；in turn轮流，依次；in shape健康状况良好。]‎ ‎2.(2018·江苏卷)China’s soft power grows ________ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.‎ A.in line with B.in reply to C.in return for D.in honour of 答案　A　[句意：我国的软实力的增长与我国不断得到全球各地的欣赏和理解是紧密相连的。in line with“与……紧密相连”符合句意。in reply to答复……；in return for作为对……的回报；in honour of为了纪念……；为向……表示敬意。]‎ ‎3.(2017·江苏卷)Determining where we are ________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.‎ A.in contrast to B.in defense of C.in face of D.in relation to 答案　D　[句意：根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处，这是我们生存的一项必不可少的技能。结合句意可知，这里用in relation to“与……相关；涉及”表示“我们与周边环境的关系”。in contrast to与……相比；in defense of保卫，为……辩护；in face of面对。]‎ ‎4.(2015·江苏卷)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around ________ Thomas Edison.‎ A.thanks to B.regardless of C.aside from D.but for 答案　D　[句意：如果没有托马斯·爱迪生的话，我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏，由于；regardless of不管，不顾；aside from除了，除……以外；but for要不是，如果没有……的话。]‎ ‎5.(2014·江苏卷)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay ________.‎ A.in place B.in order C.in shape D.in fashion 答案　C　[句意：为了保持好身材，Tom经常晨起慢跑，还经常做俯卧撑。A.就位，在该在的位置；B.按秩序；C.体型良好，形状良好；D.跟上潮流，追得上时尚。根据语境可知，做锻炼是为了保持体型和良好的身材，故选C。]‎ ‎1.(2019·江苏卷)More wind power stations will ________ to meet the demand for clean energy.‎ A.take up B.clear up C.hold up D.spring up 答案　D　[句意：更多的风力发电站将会涌现(spring up)，以满足对清洁能源的需求。spring up表示“迅速出现；突然兴起”，符合语境。take up拿起；占据；clear up使整洁；清理；hold up支撑；延迟。]‎ ‎2.(2018·江苏卷)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which ________ a clear road map and timetable.‎ A.calls for B.calls on C.calls off D.calls up 答案　A　[开发长江经济带是一个系统的工程，它需要一个清晰的陆路交通图和时间表。call for“需要”符合句意。call on号召；拜访；call off取消；call up使回忆起。]‎ ‎3.(2017·江苏卷)Working with the medical team in Africa has ________ the best in her as a doctor.‎ A.held out B.brought out C.picked out D.given out 答案　B　[句意：在非洲医疗团队中的工作激发了她作为医生的最大潜能。hold out坚持；伸出；bring out激发；使显现；pick out挑选；give out分发。根据句意可知选B。]‎ ‎4.(2016·江苏卷)Many businesses started up by college students have ________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.‎ A.fallen off B.taken off C.turned off D.left off 答案　B　‎ ‎[句意：由于良好的创业环境，许多大学生的创办项目已经腾飞(获得成功)。take off成功；起飞，符合语境。fall off跌落，恶化；turn off关掉；解雇；leave off停止(做)某事；戒掉，都与语境不符。]‎ ‎5.(2016·江苏卷)Parents should actively urge their children to ________ the opportunity to join sports teams.‎ A.gain admission to B.keep track of C.take advantage of D.give rise to 答案　C　[句意：父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用，符合语境。gain admission to获准进入；keep track of与……保持联系；give rise to引起，导致，都与语境不符。]‎ ‎6.(2015·江苏卷)The university started some new language programs to ________ the country’s Silk Road Economic Belt.‎ A.apply to B.cater for C.appeal to D.hunt for 答案　B　[句意：大学开始开设一些新的语言项目，以迎合国家的丝绸之路经济带。apply to 适用于；申请；cater for 迎合；满足所需；appeal to 呼吁；上诉；hunt for 搜寻。]‎ ‎7.(2015·江苏卷)The whole team ________ Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down.‎ A.wait on B.focus on C.count on D.call on 答案　C　[句意：整个球队依靠Cristiano Ronaldo，而他很少让他们失望。wait on 服侍；焦急的等待；focus on 集中于；关注；count on依靠；指望；call on 拜访；号召；呼吁。]‎ ‎8.(2014·江苏卷)—Dad，I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.‎ ‎—I see.I’ll go right away and ________.‎ A.pay him back B.pay him off C.put him away D.put him off 答案　B　[句意：——爸爸，我认为Oliver不是适合干这种工作的人。——我明白了。我这就回去让他结账走人(即辞退他)。A.报答，回报；B.偿清，付清；C.把……收起来；放好；D.put off推迟，宾语通常不是人；根据语境此处应指因为Oliver不适合干这种工作，所以给他结清账让他另觅高就，故选B。]‎ 一、利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目 关于介词短语的相关题目，一般采用将介词短语置入句子，并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识，然后读懂题干的含义。‎ 二、两方法快速判定动词短语 ‎1.看动词后的介词/副词的拓展意义；‎ ‎2.看动词含义的辨析。‎ ‎(1)含有on的短语含义有：‎ 继续(go on, carry on, hold on, insist on)；‎ 连上(turn on, try on, pull on, rely on)；‎ 开始(work on, call on, bring on)‎ ‎(2)含有off的短语含义有：‎ 离开(turn off，see off, call off, carry off)；‎ 停止(lay off, pay off, break off)‎ 一、介词短语 ‎1.需要掌握的48个常考介词短语 far from　　　　　完全不 apart from 除了 at random 任意地；随意地 by chance 偶然地 by means of 通过……方法 for fear of 唯恐 instead of 代替，而不是 regardless of 不管，不顾 in terms of 就……而言 in need of 需要 in favor of 支持，赞成 in praise of 歌颂 in search of 寻找 in view of 鉴于，由于 in the form of 以……形式 in the direction of 朝……方向 in place of 代替 in front of 在……前面 in case of 假使 in face of 面临，面对 in honour of 为纪念 in spite of 尽管 in response to 作为对……的回应 in the way 挡道，妨碍 in sight 看得见 in turn 依次 in particular 尤其，特别 in charge 负责，掌管 in time 及时；迟早 on occasion 有时，偶尔 on account of 因为，由于 on watch 值班；监视 on the line 处于危险状态 on behalf of 代表 out of sight 看不见 out of reach 够不着 out of order 发生故障 out of place 不合适的；不在适当的位置 along with 与……一起 next to 几乎，差不多；紧挨着 according to 根据 as a result of 由于……的结果 in exchange for 作为……的交换 in/with regard to 关于，至于 for lack of 因缺乏……‎ due to 由于 in addition to 除……之外 on top of 另外；在……之上 ‎2.容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组 类型 举例 差一冠词，‎ 大相径庭 in front of(在……前面)——in the front of(在……前部)‎ in charge of(负责)——in the charge of(由……负责)‎ out of question(毫无疑问)——out of the question(不可能)‎ at table(在吃饭；在吃饭时)——at the table(在桌子旁边)‎ 有无介词，‎ 意义不同 know sb认识某人——know about sb了解某人 shoot sb击中某人——shoot at sb向某人射击 search sb搜身——search for sb搜寻某人 believe sb相信某人的话——believe in sb信任某人的人格 benefit sb使某人受益——benefit from sb从某人那里得到益处 画蛇添足，‎ 误加介词 serve the people　　　　为人民服务 enter the room 进入房间 follow me 跟在我后面 marry sb 与某人结婚 go abroad 出国 live upstairs 住在楼上 母语思维，‎ 误用介词 be caught in the rain被雨淋着 leave for some place 动身去某地 set an example to sb 为某人树立榜样 in the direction 朝着……方向 do a favor for sb 帮某人一个忙 different from 和……不同 with the help of 在……的帮助下 steal sth from sb 偷某人的东西 read sth to sb 给(为)……读(念)……‎ 二、动词短语 ‎1.常考的动词短语 ‎►break短语 break away from　　脱离；挣脱 break down 损坏；(化学)分解；(汽车)抛锚；垮掉 break in 闯入，强行进入；插嘴，打断 break into 闯入；打断，突然……起来 break off 打断；折断 break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发 break up (物理)分解；粉碎，破碎；结束；散开，解散 ‎►bring短语 bring about 引起，导致 bring back 把……送回，归还；使回忆起 bring down 使倒下，降低 bring in 引进；挣得 bring out 使罢工；阐明；出版；使显现 bring up 教育，培养 ‎►come短语 come about 发生，产生 come across (偶然)遇见(或发现)‎ come off 从……离开，脱落 come on 来吧，赶快 come out 出来；(书)出版 come to 共计，达到 come up with 追上，赶上；想出(主意)；找出(答案)‎ ‎►get短语 get across 被理解 get along/on with 进展；与……和睦相处 get down 下来；记下 get down to 开始认真干 get off 出发；下车 get through 通过；打通(电话)；用完，耗尽 ‎►give短语 give away 泄露；颁发；赠送 give back 归还；使恢复 give in 屈服；呈交 give off 发出，放出(气味、光、热等)‎ give out 用尽，耗尽；分发；公布；发出(光、热等)‎ give up 放弃 ‎►hold短语 hold back 隐瞒；阻碍；控制(情感等)‎ hold out 伸出；坚持，维持 hold up 阻挡，使停顿；支撑得住 hold on 等着；别挂断；坚持住 hold on to 保留；抓住不放 ‎►make短语 make sense 有意义，讲得通 make it 及时到达；成功 make up 编造；化妆；组成，构成；和好 make up for 补偿，弥补 make room for 让地方 make use of 利用 make way for 为……开路，让路 make up one’s mind 打定主意，决定 ‎►put短语 put aside 放在一边 put away 收起来放好；储蓄 put back 放回原处；推迟 put down 放下；镇压；记下 put forward 提出(计划、建议等)；提前 put off 延期，推迟 put out 扑灭；生产；公布 put through 接通电话 put up 提出；建造；举起；张贴，公布；留宿，过夜 put up with 容忍 ‎►set短语 set about 着手干；开始做 set aside 暂时不考虑；把……放到一旁；省出，留出 set off 动身；引爆；引起，激发 set out 开始；动身；陈述，阐明 ‎►take 短语 take charge of 负责，掌管 take in 吸收；欺骗 take off (飞机)起飞；脱下；休假；迅速流行；(事业)腾飞 take on 呈现；雇用；承担(责任)‎ take over 接管，接任 take the place of 代替 take up 从事；拿起；占据(时间或空间)‎ ‎►turn短语 turn away 转过脸，走开；拒绝某人 turn down 拒绝；调小 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开 turn out 结果；证明是；关掉；生产，制造 turn over 打翻；仔细思量；移交 turn to 求助于；翻到，转到 turn up 调大；出现 ‎2.其他常考的动词短语 account for 解释，说明 answer for 对……负责；担保……‎ attend to 处理；对待；照料 care about 关心，在意；担忧 check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记 check out 结账离开 consist of 包括，由……组成 contribute to 有助于，导致 deal/do with 对付；处理；涉及；论述 figure out 想清楚，弄明白；算出 focus on/upon 集中(精神、注意力等)于……‎ glance at 匆匆一瞥 glare at 怒视 head for 朝……行进 insist on 坚持要求 object to 反对 point out 指出 reach out for 伸手去够 refer to 提到；指的是；查阅 meet with 偶遇 rely on/upon 指望，信赖 result from 因……而产生，是……造成的 result in 结果是，导致 see to 照看；处理；负责 show off 炫耀 stick to 坚持，不放弃 speed up 加快速度 suffer from 因……而受苦 use up 耗尽，用尽 watch out 警惕，注意 watch over 照管；监督；保护 wear out 耗尽，使筋疲力尽 ‎1.(2019·南通泰州七市高三调研)Thanks to the efforts in environmental protection, the wetland has been ________ to its original appearance.‎ A.restored B.delivered C.transferred D.drafted 答案　A　[句意：由于在环境保护方面的努力，这片湿地已经恢复原样了。restore恢复；deliver 递送；transfer转移；draft起草，根据题意，故选A。]‎ ‎2.(2019·江苏六校联考)Jack’s fellow workers often turn to him for help when trapped in trouble because he is a ________ of ideas.‎ A.fountain B.session C.diagram D.resource 答案　A　[句意：Jack的同事们在遇到困难时经常向他求助，因为他是一个很有思想的人。a fountain of ideas思想的源泉，说明Jack很聪明。fountain源泉；session会议；diagram图表；resource资源，故选A。]‎ ‎3.(2019·南通泰州七市高三调研)To make a breakthrough in his scientific research, the scientist has been making a(n) ________ amount of effort.‎ A.modest B.miserable C.optional D.tremendous 答案　D　[句意：这位科学家为了让科研有突破，一直以来付出了巨大的努力。modest谦虚的；miserable痛苦的；optional可选择的；tremendous巨大的，故选D。]‎ ‎4.(2019·盐城高级中学月考)It tests whether students are able to master a given body of knowledge, as well as their ability to work hard and ________.‎ A.apparently B.currently C.actually D.consistently 答案　D　‎ ‎[句意：它测试学生是否能够掌握一定的知识体系，以及他们努力工作和坚持不懈的能力。apparently显然地；currently当前，目前；actually实际上；consistently始终，一致地。此处指坚持不懈，始终如一，故选D。]‎ ‎5.(2019·常州中学月考)Mr.Blake has been ________ professor of the English department and will be made full professor this term.‎ A.concrete B.dynamic C.associate D.outspoken 答案　C　[句意：布莱克先生是英语系的副教授，这学期他将被聘为正教授。concrete具体的，实在的；dynamic动态的，有活力的；associate副的，联合的；outspoken坦率的，直言不讳的。此处表示“副教授”，故选C。]‎ ‎6.(2019·启东中学月考)During the interview, they will be asked to shape (设计) a ________ and general procedure that can be programed in a computer quickly.‎ A.straightforward B.subjective C.surplus D.steady 答案　A　[句意：在面试过程中，他们将被要求制定一个简单、通用且可以在电脑上快速编程的程序。straightforward简单的；subjective主观的；surplus剩余的；steady稳定的。根据句中programed in a computer quickly可知是简单的设计，故选A。]‎ ‎7.(2019·启东中学月考)The party, whose ________ arrangement was due last Friday, was finally delayed because of the bad weather.‎ A.temporary B.arbitrary C.ambiguous D.original 答案　D　[句意：原定于上周五举行的派对因天气原因最终被推迟。temporary暂时的；arbitrary任意的；ambiguous模糊不清的；original最初的，原始的。此处指最初的安排，故选D。]‎ ‎8.(2019·南通中学期中考试)The local people ________ building the new hotel because of the great cost.‎ A.opposed B.objected C.accused D.charged 答案　A　[句意：由于费用较高，当地人反对建新的宾馆。oppose反对，oppose doing sth反对做某事；object反对，object to doing sth反对做某事；accuse指责；charge 收费，控告。根据短语搭配以及句意得知，选A。]‎ ‎9.(2019·南通中学期中考试)China has officially set Sept.3 as “Victory Day” to mark ‎ China’s victory over Japan in World War Ⅱ.The establishment of “Victory Day” highlights Beijing’s ________ to peaceful development and the importance of ________ the past.‎ A.commitment；acknowledging B.application；admitting C.acknowledging；committing D.admission；applying 答案　A　[commitment承诺，奉献；application应用，申请；admission承认；acknowledge承认。句意：中国官方将9月3日称为“胜利日”，以纪念中国在二战中战胜日本。“胜利日”的确立，突显出中国政府对和平发展的承诺，以及承认过去的重要性。本题第一空要用名词，第二空of后用动词-ing形式，根据句意选A。]‎ ‎10.(2019·常州市监测)Studies suggest that babies learn to ________ voices before birth.They can recognize their mother’s voice among a group of women.‎ A.suspect B.compromise C.discriminate D.inspect 答案　C　[suspect怀疑；compromise妥协；discriminate辨别；inspect检阅。句意：研究表明婴儿在出生前就能辨别声音，他能在一群女人中听出妈妈的声音。根据“They can recognize their mother’s voice among a group of women.”可知此处表示“辨别”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎11.(2019·扬州市高三模拟)Historic sites impress writers with their amazing beauty, which are a great source of ________.‎ A.inspiration B.composition C.occupation D.combination 答案　A　[inspiration 灵感；composition作曲；occupation占有；combination组合。句意：历史遗迹以其惊人的美给作家留下深刻印象，这是一个伟大的灵感来源。根据句意故选A。]‎ ‎12.(2019·扬州市高三模拟)The waitress at the restaurant was usually very considerate, but on this occasion she seemed to ________ the diners.‎ A.ignore B.identify C.applaud D.satisfy 答案　A　[句意：这家餐馆的女服务员通常很体贴，但这次她似乎忽视了客人。ignore忽视；identify认出；applaud鼓掌；satisfy 使……满意。上文提到女服务员体贴，而下文中but“然而；但是”表转折，指下文与上文的“体贴”形成对比。根据句意A选项符合题意。]‎ ‎13.(2019·宿迁市高三期末测试)General Secretary Xi Jinping ________ clarified the policy that we Chinese unconditionally aid the developing countries in need, believe it or not, without any additional conditions.‎ A.apparently B.absolutely C.ambiguously D.aggressively 答案　A　[apparently显然地；absolutely绝对地；ambiguously含糊不清地；aggressively有攻击性地。句意：习近平总书记明确表示，中国无条件援助发展中国家的政策是无条件的，信不信由你。结合句意可知答案为A。]‎ ‎14.(2019·苏北四市高三一调)Chairman Xi Jinping and Kim Jong-un held talks, reaching the important ________ that the two sides agreed to make joint efforts to push for continuous new development of China-DPRK relationships in the new era.‎ A.consistence B.consensus C.conscience D.compromise 答案　B　[consistence浓度，一致性；consensus一致的意见，共识；conscience良心；compromise妥协。句意：习近平主席与金正恩主席举行会谈，达成重要共识，双方同意共同努力，推动中朝关系在新时期不断取得新发展。故选B。]‎ ‎15.(2019·宿迁市高三期末测试)Universities must adopt stricter rules and conduct stricter reviews of submitted material to make enrollment procedures more ________， the Ministry of Education said on Jan 4, 2019.‎ A.complicated B.effective C.precise D.transparent 答案　D　[complicated复杂的；effective有效的；precise精确的；transparent透明的。句意：教育部于2019年1月4日表示，大学必须采取更严格的规定，对提交的材料进行更严格的审查，以提高招生程序的透明度。故选D。]‎ ‎16.(2019·宿迁市高三期末测试)There are many online shopping payment methods in China, and you can choose, when the order is ________， cash, POS or checks, to pay for the goods.‎ A.deposited B.delivered C.deduced D.defined 答案　B　[deposit存放；deliver递送；deduce推导；define使明确。句意：在中国有很多网上购物的支付方式，当订单交付时，你可以选择现金、POS或支票支付货物。结合句意可知答案为B。]‎ ‎17.(2019·泰州市高三期末考试)To ensure a correct understanding of the new regulations, we need to clarify some ________ points of view and put the system into practice.‎ A.artificial B.arbitrary C.ambiguous D.absolute 答案　C　[句意：为了确保对新法规的正确理解，我们需要澄清一些模棱两可的观点，并将该制度付诸实践。artificial人造的；arbitrary 任意的；ambiguous 模糊不清的；absolute完全的。ambiguous “模糊不清的”符合句意。故C选项正确。]‎ ‎18.(2019·江苏名校联考)The autobiography Becoming by Michelle Obama, ________ about her life in the White House, sold well once on the market.‎ A.definitely B.essentially C.initially D.accurately 答案　B　[句意：米歇尔·奥巴马的自传《成为》，主要讲述了她在白宫的生活，一上市就卖得很好。definitely确定地；essentially本质上，主要地；initially最初；accurately正确地。essentially“本质上，主要地”符合句意。故B选项正确。]‎ ‎19.(2019·镇江市高三期末考试)Whenever I feel lonely or upset, I always do some reading, which ________ me well.‎ A.serves B.suits C.favors D.motivates 答案　A　[句意：每当我感到孤独或沮丧时，我总是读些书，这对我很有好处。serve对某人有用；suit适合；favor支 持；motivate激 励。serve sb“对某人有用/大有帮助”符合句意。故A选项正确。]‎ ‎20.(2019·泰州市高三期末考试)As an American living in Tianjin for about 10 years, Chris says that it has been a ________ to be a witness to China’s great progress.‎ A.privilege B.preference C.priority D.principle 答案　A　[句意：作为一个在天津生活了大约10年的美国人，克里斯说，能够见证中国的巨大进步是一种荣幸。privilege 荣幸；preference偏爱；priority 优先；principle原则。privilege“荣幸”符合句意。故A选项正确。]‎ ‎1.(2019·启东中学高三月考)As a programmer, he always holds a strong desire for his video games to ________ to make himself gain a firm foothold in the big city.‎ A.turn up B.break out C.catch on D.show off 答案　C　[句意：作为一名程序员，他总是有着强烈的愿望，希望他的电子游戏能流行起来，让自己在这座大城市站稳脚跟。turn up出现，发生；break out爆发；catch on流行；show off炫耀。此处指使电子游戏流行，故选C。]‎ ‎2.(2019·南通泰州七市高三调研)If we surround ourselves with people ________ our major purpose, we can get their support and encouragement.‎ A.in sympathy with B.in terms of C.in honour of D.in contrast with 答案　A　[句意：如果我们周围都是认同我们主要前进目标的人，我们就能得到他们的支持和鼓励。in sympathy with赞成；in terms of 依据；in honour of为纪念；in contrast with与……形成对比，故选A。]‎ ‎3.(2019·南通中学高三期中考试)Chinese officials hope that trade will ________ when the two countries ________ to hard currency.‎ A.turn up；scratch B.pick up；switch C.catch on；squeeze D.hold on；status 答案　B　[句意：中方官员希望两国在转向使用硬货币后，贸易会有起色。turn up出现，声音开大；scratch擦，刮。pick up捡起，接送，学会，好转，接收；switch开关，转换，转变。catch on变得流行；squeeze挤，榨，捏。hold on坚持，等一等；status地位，身份。分析句子可知，第二句应当是时间状语从句的谓语动词，而status是名词，所以排除D项。根据句子的内容分析可知，本句的意思是两国转向硬货币时，贸易会有起色(pick up)。分析选项可知B项符合题意。]‎ ‎4.(2019·常州市监测)________ the French and their revolution spirit, many countries have chosen to use the same colours on their flags.‎ A.In terms of B.In case of C.In response to D.In salute to 答案　D　[in terms of按照；in case of如果；in response to响应；in salute to致敬。句意：为了向法国人民和他们的革命精神致敬，很多国家的国旗使用和法国国旗相同的颜色。根据句意可知，此处表示“向……致敬”，故D项正确。]‎ ‎5.(2019·扬州市高三模拟)Governments around the world increasingly ________ artificial intelligence to help promote economic growth.‎ A.put out B.roll out C.make out D.reach out 答案　B　[句意：世界各国政府越来越多地推出人工智能来帮助促进经济增长。put out熄灭；roll out正式推出；make out理解，认出；reach out伸出。根据句意选B。]‎ ‎6.(2019·苏州市高三模拟)Due to large investment in housing, many cities can ________ the flow of new arrivals, improving the quality of their life.‎ A.give rise to B.make way for C.take part in D.keep pace with 答案　D　[句意：由于在住房方面的大量投资，许多城市能够跟上新移民潮的步伐，改善他们的生活质量。give rise to使发生，引起；make way for让路；take part in参加；keep pace with跟上，保持同步。由下文improving the quality of their life提高生活质量，可推理上文应是跟上移民步伐，故选D。]‎ ‎7.(2019·无锡市高三模拟)Despite the obvious privacy concerns, the use of facial-recognition technology is ________ at some public places.‎ A.out of danger B.on the run C.out of sight D.on the rise 答案　D　[句意：尽管存在明显的隐私问题，但面部识别技术的使用在一些公共场所正在兴起。out of danger脱离危险；on the run躲避，不停地奔波；out of sight看不见；on the rise 在增长。根据连词despite“尽管；虽然”可知下文的内容与上文形成对比。再根据选项的意思，故选D。]‎ ‎8.(2019·扬州市高三模拟)I wish you wouldn’t be so ________；you make faces at everything I say.‎ A.weird B.polite C.reluctant D.serious 答案　A　[句意：我希望你不要那么古怪，我说的一切你都做鬼脸。由下文的make faces可知上文应是要求不要捣乱或装怪。weird怪异的；polite有礼貌的；reluctant不情愿的；serious严肃的。根据选项可知应选A。]‎ ‎9.(2019·南京市高三期末测试)—How do you find the movie Nobodies released recently?‎ ‎—It’s fantastic.What a huge box office hit on the first day！And it has been ________ ever since.‎ A.catching on B.pushing on C.carrying on D.counting on 答案　A　[catch on 受欢迎，流行起来；push on继续做，继续前行；carry on继续；count on指望，依靠。句意：——你觉得最近上映的电影《无名小卒》怎么样？——棒极了。在第一天就获得一个巨大的票房！而且一直流行至今。故选A。]‎ ‎10.(2019·宿迁市高三期末测试)China successfully launched a spacecraft on the far side of the moon, which, ________ misunderstanding, is not always dark.‎ A.similar to B.familiar to C.contrary to D.superior to 答案　C　[similar to与……相似；familiar to某事为某人熟知；contrary to与……相反；superior to比……优越。句意：中国成功地在月球的远端发射了一艘宇宙飞船，这与误解相反，并不总是黑暗的。结合句意可知答案为C。]‎ ‎11.(2019·常州市高三期末测试)The relevant authorities have recently ________ some companies and individuals for their illegal emission that is harmful to the environment.‎ A.cut back on B.cracked down on C.followed up with D.held out on 答案　B　[句意：有关当局最近对一些公司和个人非法排放有害环境的行为进行了严厉打击。cut back on 削减；crack down on 严惩；follow up with对……采取进一步行动；hold out on 保守秘密。crack down on“严惩”符合句意。故B选项正确。]‎ ‎12.(2019·泰州市高三期末测试)According to the new regulation, every employee ‎ shall be paid ________ their work so that productivity can be increased.‎ A.in regard to B.in reference to C.in proportion to D.in contrast to 答案　C　[句意：根据新规定，每名员工都应按其工作的比例获得报酬，这样才能提高生产率。in regard to就……而言；in reference to 关于；in proportion to 与……成比例；in contrast to 和……对照。in proportion to“与……成比例”符合句意。故C选项正确。]‎ ‎13.(2019·如皋中学高三测试)—As we know, taking positive attitudes towards life is beneficial to our body and mind.‎ ‎—You can say that again.Struggle not to let negative ideas ________.‎ A.take over B.take off C.take on D.take up 答案　A　[句意：——众所周知，对生活采取积极的态度有利于我们的身心健康。——你说得对。努力不要让消极的想法控制你。take over接管，控制；take off起飞；take on呈现；take up占据。由句意可知，take over符合题意。故A选项正确。]‎ ‎14.(2019·镇江市高三模拟)President Xi said that China would ________ the new economic challenges in the world by promoting interconnected development.‎ A.correspond to B.refer to C.respond to D.subscribe to 答案　C　[句意：习主席说，中国将通过推动互联发展来应对世界新的经济挑战。respond to对……作出回应；correspond to与……一致，相符；refer to涉及，指代；参考，查阅；subscribe to订阅，同意。]‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1.(2019·天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.‎ A.statement B.impact C.impression D.judgment 答案　B　[句意：我们可以看到，人工智能已经在很多方面对我们的生活产生了影响。make an impact on对……产生影响，是固定搭配，且符合此处的语境。make ‎ a statement on sth(尤指对公众)就某事发表声明；make an impression留下印象；make a judgment作出评价。]‎ ‎2.(2019·徐州市高三质量检测)Being an experienced lecturer, Mr.Black ________ his speech to suit a younger audience.‎ A.simplified B.addressed C.exchanged D.delivered 答案　A　[句意：作为一个经验丰富的演讲者，布莱克先生简化他的演讲以适应年轻听众的需要。simplify简化；address称呼；exchange交换；deliver递送。故选A。]‎ ‎3.(2019·江苏省高三百校联考)In terms of Mrs.Meng’s being arrested without solid evidence, the western media has ________ public attention away from where it should be, that is, the rule of law.‎ A.transformed B.shifted C.attracted D.changed 答案　B　[transform转换；shift转移；attract吸引；change改变。句意：就孟女士在没有确凿证据的情况下被逮捕一事而言，西方媒体已经将公众的注意力从它应该在的地方转移开了，那就是法治。结合句意可知答案为B。]‎ ‎4.(2019·江苏省四星级学校高三联考)To make extra-class education run on the right track, China is tightening ________ of after-school training institutions.‎ A.application B.regulation C.adaptation D.cooperation 答案　B　[application申请；regulation规则；adaptation适应；cooperation合作。句意：为了让课外教育走上正轨，中国正在加强对课外培训机构的监管。故答案为B。]‎ ‎5.(2019·徐州市高三质量检测)The audience burst into laughter because of the ________ of the tongue from the host, who said, “Good ladies, evening and gentlemen”.‎ A.slip B.slide C.seal D.spit 答案　A　[句意：观众爆发出一阵笑声因为主持人的口误，说：“好女士们，晚上和先生们。” slip失误；slide滑动；seal印章；spit唾液。the slip of the ‎ tongue口误，为固定搭配。故选A。]‎ ‎6.(2019·南通市高三联考检测)Parents’ top priority is to help their kids develop the ability to show ________ in their choices of friends.‎ A.combination B.admiration C.inspiration D.discrimination 答案　D　[combination结合；admiration钦佩；inspiration灵感；discrimination区别，识别。句意：父母的首要任务是帮助他们的孩子发展在选择朋友时的识别能力。根据句意可知此处表示“识别”，故D项正确。]‎ ‎7.(2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is ________ established.‎ A.properly B.widely C.originally D.temporarily 答案　A　[句意：狗的饮食习惯需要有规律地训练才能正确养成。根据“有规律地训练”判断，这里用副词properly表示“恰当地，正确地”。widely广泛地；originally原先，最初；temporarily暂时地。]‎ ‎8.(2019·常州市高三期末)—Why not turn to Kevin? He saw what happened, so his is the only ________ account.‎ ‎—The problem is that he has refused to say anything about the accident.‎ A.tentative B.controversial C.authentic D.arbitrary 答案　C　[tentative实验性的；controversial有争议的；authentic可信的、真实的；arbitrary武断的。句意：——为什么不去找Kevin？他目睹了发生的一切，所以他的叙述是唯一可信的。——问题是他拒绝对这次事故发表任何意见。根据“He saw what happened”判断此处表示“真实可信的”，故C项正确。]‎ ‎9.(2019·盐城市高三质量检测)The large passenger aircraft C919 AC101, independently designed and developed by China, turned out to be a huge ________ success.‎ A.controversial B.contradictory C.commercial D.compulsory 答案　C　[句意：由中国独立自主开发和研究的大型民航客机C919‎ ‎ AC101是一次巨大的商业成功。controversial有争议的；contradictory矛盾的；commercial商业的；compulsory义务的。故选C。]‎ ‎10.(2019·姜堰二中高三质量检测)“We’ve never sold anyone’s data，” Zuckerberg, Facebook CEO，said ________ British law maker Damian Collins, who released some emails between Facebook and other tech companies.‎ A.in response to B.in contrast to C.in proportion to D.in addition to 答案　A　[句意：“我们从未售卖任何人的数据”，脸书CEO扎克伯格回复英国立法者Damian Collins说，其公开了脸谱网和其他科技公司之间一些电子邮件。in response to回复；in contrast to与……形成对比；in proportion to与……成比例；in addition to除……之外(还)。故选A。]‎ ‎11.(2019·徐州市高三质量检测)They ________ with joy when they heard that their class won the first place in the relay race.‎ A.picked up B.split up C.took up D.sprang up 答案　D　[句意：当听到他们的班级在接力赛中获得第一名时，他们高兴地跳了起来。pick up捡起；split up分裂；take up从事；spring up跳起。故选D。]‎ ‎12.(2019·常州市高三期末)Forty years after China started its reform and opening-up, more than 18 million rural residents have ________ poverty in South China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.‎ A.shaken off B.taken off C.paid off D.kicked off 答案　A　[shake off摆脱；take off脱下；pay off付清；kick off开赛。句意：改革开放40年来，广西壮族自治区有1 800多万农村人口脱贫。根据句意可知此处表示“摆脱”，故A项正确。]‎ ‎13.(2019·江苏省高三百校联考)Yumin, the late famous physicist, often encouraged his students to ________ what they believed in, even when facing strong opposition.‎ A.come up with B.take charge of C.put up with D.stand up for 答案　D　[come up with提出，想出；take charge of接管，负责；put up with忍受；stand up for支持，维护。句意：已故著名物理学家余民经常鼓励他的学生坚持自己的信仰，即使面临强烈的反对。结合句意可知答案为D。]‎ ‎14.(2019·丹阳高级中学高考模拟)Repairs of historic buildings have to be ________ the original structure.‎ A.in sympathy with B.in search of C.in response to D.in contrast to 答案　A　[in sympathy with赞同，支持；in search of寻找；in response to回应；in contrast to与……形成对比。句意：历史建筑的修缮必须与原有结构保持一致。故答案为A。]‎ ‎15.(2019·南通市高三联考)Chinese Sci-Fi The Wandering Earth has been a hit globally, because it ________ Chinese and Western cultures.‎ A.allows for B.appeals to C.caters for D.subscribes to 答案　C　[allow for考虑到，顾及；appeal to呼吁；cater for迎合；subscribe to订阅。句意：因为迎合了中西方的文化，所以中国科幻电影《流浪地球》在世界各地大受欢迎。此处表示“迎合”，故C项正确。]‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 After a decade at the publishing company，I was fired.I had worked so hard for so long.I was always doing my job __1__，clawing my way up the ladder.And __2__？ Doing these things had __3__ me in the end，very little of lasting value.I wondered what would happen if I let it all go—didn’t look for a job，didn’t keep my __4__ ambition.‎ My husband thought it was a great idea.“Just __5__.” he said.As a serious wind-surfer，he suggested I try the sport as a path to clarity.I had wind-surfed before，but only in __6__ water.I didn’t like high winds.I didn’t like going fast—that was __7__.But I wanted to abandon the past.My __8__ was to do nothing but read and windsurf every day.I wanted to feel the fear and do it anyway.I wanted to learn how to ride the currents，and I couldn’t think of a better way than to __9__ myself to the invisible，ever-shifting wind.‎ I decided to sail at Swell City，a favorite outpost on the Washington side of the Columbia.That July __10__ to be one of the windiest months on record.I grew to find that what I was doing did __11__ for my standing in the world.It won me no friends.Then again，I was __12__.‎ One day，a friend and her 15-year-old son came，and after I explained my __13__，he said the simplest but most profound thing: “It’s all in the __14__.” This kid had wind-surfed only three times，__15__ he knew the secret，“If you go out there knowing you’re going to __16__ it，you will，” he continued.“But if you go out there afraid you’ll get hurt，you will.” I smiled at him.Wasn’t that __17__ the same problem I’d encountered in life? I’d always been terrified I wouldn’t reach the goal or __18__ the job.I knew I had to let that fear go.And slowly I did.‎ The wind wanted nothing from me.It cared not at all about my ambition or accomplishments.It __19__ me that the beauty of life is in the trying.And that’s where I am：still trying for the turnaround in life and in the __20__.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。讲述了作者不辞劳苦地努力工作，结果却被辞退，因而陷入一种挫败感和恐惧之中，这时她的丈夫鼓励她去尝试风帆冲浪运动，由此她感受到了生命的美好在于勇敢尝试新的事情。‎ ‎1.A.breathlessly B.hopelessly C.aimlessly D.carelessly 答案　A　[根据上文I had worked so hard for so long.可知，作者不辞劳苦地努力工作着，故A项breathlessly(气喘吁吁地)正确。]‎ ‎2.A.what for B.how come C.so what D.why not 答案　C　[根据下文中的very little of lasting value可知，作者感到很无奈，辛苦工作也没有多少价值，所以她想“那又怎样呢？”故C项so what(那又怎么样)正确。]‎ ‎3.A.encouraged B.praised C.impressed D.earned 答案　D　[根据上文After a decade at the publishing company，I was fired.以及下文中的very little of lasting value可知，此处是说作者辛苦工作多年，却什么都没有赚到。故D项earned(赚到)正确。]‎ ‎4.A.modest B.secret C.previous D.frustrated 答案　C　[根据上文可知，作者在无奈之余，假想自己如果不再找工作，不再追寻从前的理想会发生什么。故C项previous(以前的)正确。]‎ ‎5.A.continue B.stop C.travel D.read 答案　B　[根据下文As a serious wind-surfer，he suggested I try the sport as a path to clarity.可知，丈夫建议她去冲浪，表明此处他同意作者就此停止工作。故B项stop(停止)正确。]‎ ‎6.A.violent B.deep C.calm D.icy 答案　C　[根据下文I didn’t like high winds.I didn’t like going fast可知，作者不喜欢很大的风，此处表示作者以前只是在平静的水里冲浪。故C项calm(平静的)正确。]‎ ‎7.A.scary B.tough C.boring D.amazing 答案　A　[根据上文I didn’t like high winds.I didn’t like going fast可知，作者觉得在大风里冲浪很可怕。故A项scary(可怕的)正确。]‎ ‎8.A.promise B.job C.regret D.plan 答案　D　[根据上文But I wanted to abandon the past.和下文I wanted to feel...ever-shifting wind.可知，此处讲述的是作者想做的事也就是作者的计划就是每天冲浪和阅读。故D项plan(计划)正确。]‎ ‎9.A.devote B.help C.treat D.limit 答案　A　[根据上文I wanted to feel the fear and do it anyway.I wanted to learn how to ride the currents可知，作者想感受恐惧并战胜它，所以想学习如何驾驭海浪，认为把自己投身于无形的一直在移动的风中是一种最好的方式。故A项devote(投入)正确。]‎ ‎10.A.turned out B.set out C.picked out D.carried out 答案　A　[根据下文的one of the windiest months on record可知，此处指的是那年七月是有记录以来风最大的月份。故A项turned out(结果是；证明是)正确。]‎ ‎11.A.anything B.everything C.nothing D.something 答案　C　[根据下文It won me no friends.Then again，I was ________.可知作者渐渐明白她所做的事情并没有帮助她立足于这个世界。故C项nothing正确。]‎ ‎12.A.satisfied B.terrified C.touched D.embarrassed 答案　B　[根据上文I grew to find that...won me no friends.可知，作者因为觉得自己一无所获，很受打击，因而又一次感到恐惧。与上文I didn’t like high winds.I didn’t like going fast—that was ________.中的害怕相呼应。故B项terrified(害怕的)正确。]‎ ‎13.A.problem B.guilt ‎ C.dream D.fantasy 答案　A　[根据第三段内容可知，作者在冲浪的时候又一次感到恐惧，受到挫折和打击，因此跟她的朋友和朋友的孩子解释了自己所遇到的问题和困扰。故A项problem(问题)正确。]‎ ‎14.A.health B.action ‎ C.attitude D.behavior 答案　C　[根据下文“If you go out there...you will.”可知，小男孩的观点是如果你认为你会成功，你就会成功，如果你惧怕你会受到伤害，那么你就会受伤害，这里讲述的是一个人对待问题的态度。故C项attitude(态度)正确。]‎ ‎15.A.so B.yet C.or D.for 答案　B　[根据设空处前面的This kid had，wind-surfed only three times和后面的he knew the secret可知，设空处前后文之间是转折关系，即虽然他只冲浪了三次，但是他了解了其中的秘密，故B项yet(但是)正确。]‎ ‎16.A.shake B.make ‎ C.name D.serve 答案　B　[句意见第14题解析。故B项正确，make it意为“成功”。]‎ ‎17.A.merely B.precisely C.approximately D.rarely 答案　B　[根据下文I’d always been terrified...I did.可知，作者认为小男孩说得简单却深刻的道理恰恰也正适用于她在生活中遇到的问题，比如害怕自己不能实现目标，或者不能找到工作。故B项precisely(恰好；正是)正确。]‎ ‎18.A.lose B.quit ‎ C.offer D.land 答案　D　[根据上一题解析可知，作者对现实生活充满恐惧，担心自己的目标不能实现，或者找不到工作。land有“谋得(工作、合约等)”的意思，故D项正确。]‎ ‎19.A.warned B.reminded C.challenged D.puzzled 答案　B　[根据上文The wind wanted nothing from me.It cared not at all about my ambition or accomplishments.可知，作者意识到风本身不会向她索取任何东西，它也不在意她的理想和成就。是风提醒作者，生命的美好在于尝试，故B项reminded(提醒)正确。]‎ ‎20.A.marriage B.family ‎ C.sky D.wind 答案　D　[根据上文It ________ me that the beauty of life is in the trying.可知，此时的作者在受到小男孩的启发后，不管是在生活中还是在风浪里都会无所畏惧地尝试寻找转折点。故D项wind(风)正确。]‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·江苏省高三百校联考)‎ As is tradition, technology companies from around the world have flocked to Las Vegas for the annual Consumer Electronics Show.There are thousands of eye-catching items to swoon over, whether you’re a nerd or not.Here are a few of the most interesting, exciting and possibly life-changing products seen at the show, which runs from Tuesday to Friday.‎ Item 1‎ You thought your curved TV was cool? The LG Signature OLED TV R is a 65-inch 4K TV that is, unlike your lame and rigid screen, rollable, and can retract(收回) into its base when you’re not enjoying it.While you can control it using either Google Assistant or Amazon Alexa, the TV R also supports Apple’s AirPlay 2 and HomeKit.‎ Item 2‎ Gaming laptops aren’t new, but they usually lack power compared to their beefier desktop counterparts.Nvidia’s latest announcement changes that, and brings the desktop-class power found in its RTX line of graphics cards to laptops.More than 40 laptop models will turn up by the end of the month with RTX graphics cards inside, which can produce more realistic graphics and boost performance for the most gamers.‎ Item 3‎ If sleeping is harder than it should be, the Dreem band might be able to help you figure out what you’re doing wrong.The Dreem band is a fabric-covered headband that wraps around your head and uses a combination of sensors like the ones in your Apple Watch to detect various biometrics like your heart rate and respiration activity.It also uses bone conduction to communicate audio cues to you privately.‎ Item 4‎ Samsung’s shown off its Micro LED technology in the past, using it to build The Wall, a 146-inch TV.The company’s now showing off a smaller Micro LED TV.Using Samsung’s Micro LED panels, you can create a variety of display sizes supporting different aspect ratios, going from an ultra-wide 21：9 screen to a perfectly square 1：1 display without losing image quality.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　‎ 本文是一则广告。按照惯例，来自世界各地的科技公司纷纷涌向拉斯维加斯，参加一年一度的消费类电子产品展销会。不管你是不是书呆子，都有成千上万的吸引眼球的东西让你神魂颠倒。这里有一些最有趣、最令人兴奋、可能会改变生活的产品。‎ ‎1.If one likes doing things by himself, which of the items suits him best?‎ A.Item 1. B.Item 2.‎ C.Item 3. D.Item 4.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据Item 4中Samsung’s shown off its Micro LED technology...without losing image quality.可知，如果一个人喜欢自己做事情，Item 4最适合他。故选D。]‎ ‎2.Which of the following technologies appeared for the first time in the show?‎ A.The TV R User’s controlling the TV by Google Assistant.‎ B.Nvidia’s laptops’ solving the problem of power.‎ C.The Dreem band’s detecting your heart rate.‎ D.Samsung’s Micro LED technology making a 146-inch TV possible.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据Item 2中Nvidia’s latest announcement changes that, and brings the desktop-class power found in its RTX line of graphics cards to laptops.可知，“Nvidia笔记本电脑解决了电源问题”是第一次出现在展会上。故选B。]‎ B ‎(2019·南通市高三调研)‎ We all have defining moments in our lives—meaningful experiences that stand out in our memory.Many of them owe a great deal to chance：a lucky encounter(相遇) with someone who becomes the love of your life.A new teacher who spots a talent you didn’t know you had.These moments seem to be the product of fate or luck.We can’t control them.‎ But is that true? No necessarily.Defining moments shape our lives, but we don’t have to wait for them to happen.We can be the authors of them.It is possible to create defining moments if we understand more about them.Our research shows that they all share a set of common elements.We start by asking：why do we remember certain experiences and forget others? In the case of big days, such as weddings, the answer is pretty clear—it’s a celebration that is grand in scale and rich in emotion.No surprise that it’s more memorable than a maths lesson.But for other experiences in life—from holidays to work projects—it’s not so clear why we remember what we do.‎ Consider an experiment in which participants were asked to submerge(浸入) their ‎ hands for 60 seconds in buckets filled with 14 ℃ water.(Remember 14 ℃ water feels much colder than 14 ℃ air.) They were then asked to submerge their hands for 90 seconds instead of 60, but during the final 30 seconds, the water warmed up to 15 ℃.The participants were then given a choice：would you rather repeat the first trial or the second?‎ Psychologists have explained the reasons for this puzzling result.When people assess an experience, they tend to forget or ignore its length.Instead, they seem to rate the experience based on two key moments：the best or worst moment, known as the peak, and the ending.‎ In the participants’ memories, what stood out for them was that the longer trial ended more comfortably than the shorter one.So when we assess our experiences, we don’t average our minute-by-minute feelings.Rather, we tend to remember flagship moments：the peaks, the pits(低谷) and the transitions.What we don’t remember are the bits in between—sometimes there is little to distinguish one week from the next.‎ Partly this is because there may be only a dozen moments in your life that show who you are—those are big defining moments.But there are smaller experiences, too, in the context of a memorable holiday, romantic date or work achievement.Once we understand how we remember certain moments and why, we can start to create more moments that matter.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文为议论文。我们每个人的生活中都有决定性的时刻——有意义的经历会在我们的记忆中脱颖而出，这些时刻似乎是命运或运气的产物，我们无法控制它们。但是一旦我们理解了我们是如何记住某些特定的时刻以及为什么，我们就可以开始创造更多重要的时刻。‎ ‎3.How does the author understand defining moments?‎ A.We can create defining moments in our lives.‎ B.Defining moments are just out of our control.‎ C.No similarities exist between defining moments.‎ D.Defining moments consist of smaller experiences.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据题干defining moments定位到第二段，可以看到第一行里有连接词but，可知转折后的为重点，由we can be the authors of them.(我们可以成为它们的作者)可知，我们可以在生活中创造决定性的时刻。故A选项正确。]‎ ‎4.We can learn from the experiment that ________.‎ A.the striking moments are more likely to be remembered B.the length of an experience determines our memory of it C.it is meaningful to distinguish the bits in between flagship moments D.all the components of an experience should be equally remembered 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的Instead they seem...and the ending.(相反，他们似乎是根据两个关键时刻来评价这段经历的：最好或最差的时刻，也就是所谓的巅峰时刻，以及结束时刻)可知，那些引人注目的时刻更容易被记住。同义替换将peak替换为striking。故A选项正确。]‎ ‎5.What would probably be discussed in the following part of the text?‎ A.What to prepare for life’s trials.‎ B.Why to create defining moments.‎ C.Whom to owe our good fates to.‎ D.How to create life’s big moments.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据原文的最后一段中的Once we understand how...more moments that matter.(一旦我们理解了我们是如何记住某些特定的时刻以及为什么，我们就可以开始创造更多重要的时刻)可知，接下来就应该要说怎么做了，即how to create life’s big moments。故D选项正确。]‎