【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解典题18篇训练学案（30页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解典题18篇训练学案（30页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解典题18篇训练 ‎ ‎【一】‎ Many high school students consider a college education useless. Therefore, they choose not to go to college. If you’re one of them, think again. Here are some reasons why you should go to college and receive a good education there.‎ Schools and universities are the first sources of knowledge. We take that knowledge later on to build our careers after graduation. More knowledge will be gained after you start working, but without an education, that job will not be within easy reach. Knowledge leads to knowledge.‎ While limited within the walls of the educational institutions, we openly explore other cultures of the world. We come to know that ours is not the only culture. Other cultures have valuable insights to share, enriching our own. Education also makes us want to travel and interact with various cultures, broadening our horizons.‎ When there’s a downturn（衰退）in the economy, those who attended college will be more likely to find a new job than those who only finished grade school and have a limited skills set. The more education you have, the more chances you will get to improve the quality of your life as you have a better job and earn a higher salary.‎ When you’re skilful and knowledgeable, you get to “rub knees” with people of similar backgrounds and tastes. It means a good education leads to excellent networking. Good networking can benefit you a lot in your later life.‎ A good education makes you a more interesting person. You can talk about ideas and events instead of just other people and what’s on sale in stores. An educated person doesn’t gossip, having a preference to discuss ideas and listen to what other people have to say.‎ ‎21. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. Sources of knowledge.‎ B. Benefits of attending college.‎ C. The disadvantages of not being educated.‎ D. The reason why some people think college useless.‎ ‎22. How does the writer develop the passage?‎ A. By giving examples. B. By listing reasons.‎ C. By following directions. D. By offering suggestions.‎ ‎23. Which of the following are not mentioned by the writer about going to college?‎ A. Gaining more knowledge.‎ B. Enlarging social networks.‎ C. Becoming a humorous person.‎ D. Experiencing diverse cultures.‎ ‎【二】‎ From a child I was fond of reading, and all the little money that came into my hands was ever laid out in books. Pleased with the Pilgrim’s Progress, my first collection was of John Bunyan’s works, in separate little volumes. I afterwards sold them to enable me to buy R. Burton’s Historical Collections; they were small chapmen’s books and cheap, 40 or 50 in all. My father’s little library consisted chiefly of books in religion, most of which I read, and have since often regretted that, at a time when I had such a thirst for knowledge; more proper books had not fallen in my way, since I realized that I should not be a clergyman（牧师）. Plutarch’s Lives there was, in which I read abundantly, and I still think that time spent to great advantage. There was also a book of Defoe’s, called An Essay on Projects, and another of Dr. Mather’s called Essays to Do Good which perhaps gave me a turn of thinking that had an influence on some of the principal future events of my life.‎ This bookish preference at length determined my father to make me a printer, though he had already one son (James) of that profession. In 1717, my brother James returned from ‎ England with a press and letters to set up his business in Boston. I liked it much better than that of my father, but still have a thirst for the sea. To prevent the concerned effect of such a desire, my father was impatient to have me bound to my brother. I stood out some time but at last was persuaded, and signed the contract, when I was yet but 12 years old.. I was to serve as an apprentice（学徒）till I was 2l years of age, only I was to be allowed journeyman’s wages during the last year. In a little time I made great proficiency in the business, and became a useful hand to my brother..‎ I now had access to better books. An acquaintance with the apprentices of booksellers, enabled me sometimes to borrow a small one, which I was careful to return soon and clean. Often I sat up in my room reading the greatest part of the night, when the book was borrowed in the evening and to be returned early in the morning, in case it should be missed or wanted. And after some time an imaginative tradesman Mr. Matthew Adams who had a pretty collection of books and who visited our printing house frequently took notice of me, invited me to his library, and very kindly lent me such books as I choose to read.--From Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin ‎24. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the author’s change of thought?‎ A. Pilgrim’s Progress B. Plutarch’s Lives C. An Essay on Projects D. Essays to Do Good ‎25. What was the reason that his father made him a printer?‎ A. His father thought he had a gift for painting.‎ B. He liked the printing business better than any other things.‎ C. His brother, as a printer, promised to take good care of him.‎ D. His father worried that his longing for sea might affect his future.‎ ‎26. What does the underlined sentence “I now had access to better books.” in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A. My desire for books was completely satisfied.‎ B. I could afford the books that I really preferred.‎ C. My spare time was mostly occupied with reading D. I could read more books which I was interested in.‎ ‎【三】‎ You know the feeling –you have left your phone at home and feel anxious, as if you have lost your connection to the world. “Nomophobia”（无手机恐惧症）affects teenagers and adults alike. You can even do an online test to see if you have it. Last week, researchers from Hong Kong warned that nomophobia is infecting everyone. Their study found that people who use their phones to store, share and access personal memories suffer most. When users were asked to describe how they felt about their phones, words such as “hurt” (neck pain was often reported) and “alone”‎ predicted higher levels of nomophobia.‎ ‎“The findings of our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices,” said Dr. Kim Ki Joon. “People experience feelings of anxiety and unpleasantness when separated from their phones.” Meanwhile, an American study shows that smartphone separation can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.‎ So can being without your phone really give you separation anxiety? Professor Mark Griffiths, psychologist and director of the International Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham Trent University, says it is what is on the phone that counts –the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out).‎ ‎“We are talking about an internet-connected device that allows people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives,” says Griffiths. “You would have to surgically remove a phone from a teenager because their whole life is ingrained in this device.”‎ Griffiths thinks attachment theory, where we develop emotional dependency on the phone ‎ because it holds details of our lives, is a small part of nomophobia. For “screenagers”, it is Fomo that creates the most separation anxiety. If they can’t see what’s happening on Snapchat or Instagram, they become panic-stricken about not knowing what’s going on socially. “But they adapt very quickly if you take them on holiday and there’s no internet,” says Griffiths.‎ ‎27. Which of the following may Dr. Kim Ki Joon agree with?‎ A. We waste too much time on phones.‎ B. Phones have become part of some users.‎ C. Addiction to phones makes memories suffer.‎ D. Phones and blood pressure are closely linked.‎ ‎28. According to Griffiths, we get nomophobia because ________.‎ A. we are accustomed to having a phone on us B. we need our phones to help us store information C. we worry we may miss out what our friends are doing D. we fear without phones we will run into a lot of trouble ‎29. Which of the following phrase has the closest meaning to the underlined phrase “ingrained in” in Paragraph 4?‎ A. relied on B. opposed to C. approved of D. determined by ‎30. Where can you probably find the above passage?‎ A. In a research report. B. In a fashion brochure.‎ C. In a science textbook. D. In a popular science magazine.‎ ‎21-23 BBC 24-26 ADD 27-30 BCAD ‎【四】‎ Computer problems?‎ Experienced IT engineer will sort out problems with home computers (PCs and Macs). Phone ‘the Computer Doctor’ now for a free estimate.‎ ‎09651 325693‎ Room to let Two students looking for one more to share the house. Own room with single bed, wardrobe, desk and chair. Near university campus and shopping centre. £250 per month + bills (including Wi-Fi). Non-smokers only.‎ Phone Luka 719 873 466.‎ Lost!!!‎ Small grey cat missing in the Less Hall area. She’s frightened of dogs and teenage boys. If you see her, please, please phone：‎ ‎09651 324472‎ We really miss her!‎ DRUMMER WANTED For recently formed band Must have ability and experience. We play mostly indie rock.‎ Many songs already written. Some performances in local pubs in Nov/Dec. Send emails and sound samples to： newband@hotmail.com.‎ Phone 719 533 857 for any question.‎ ‎21. Which number would you phone if you want to rent a room near the university campus?‎ A. 09651 324472. B. 09651 325693.‎ C. 719 873 466. D. 719 533 857.‎ ‎22. Who is most likely to be accepted as a drummer?‎ A. A person who is learning music.‎ B. A person who is good at writing songs.‎ C. A person who has worked in local pubs.‎ D. A person who has given rock performances.‎ ‎23. Where can we most probably read the passage?‎ A. A poster. B. A magazine.‎ C. A noticeboard. D. A national newspaper.‎ ‎【五】‎ On Sunday 23 April, more than 30, 000 people participated in the 2017 London Marathon, running 26.2 miles (42.2 kilometres) around the city centre.‎ The London Marathon has taken place every year since 1981. At the first one just 6,225 people completed the course, and since then it has grown into one of the biggest sporting events in the world. It is one of the ‘World Marathon Majors’, which is a competition made up of six global marathon events. The overall male and female winners receive $ 1 million in prize money between them. There are eleven people who have run every London Marathon since it began—they call themselves the ‘Ever Presents’.‎ This year, the winners of the London Marathon were surprisingly both from Kenya— Daniel Wanjiru, who finished in 2 hours and 5 minutes, and Mary Keitany, whose time was 2 hours and 17 minutes.‎ However, most marathon runners are not professional athletes. They are amateurs who have trained for months to raise money for charity or just as a personal challenge. For example, Tom Harrison took three days just to reach the run’s halfway point, as he is crawling the course on his hands and knees dressed as a gorilla (大猩猩), trying to raise money and attention for the charity ‘The Gorilla Organisation’.‎ Matthew Rees was another runner to encourage people, as he stopped just before the finish line to help David Wyeth run the last 200m. They did not know each other before, but Matthew saw that David was exhausted and possibly close to collapsing, and wanted to help him ‎ finish.‎ Every year there are lots of touching stories like this from the London Marathon, and it is a huge achievement even to run the 26.2 miles!‎ ‎24. What do we know about London Marathon from the text?‎ A. It has been held continuously for 37 years.‎ B. Most of its runners are professional athletes.‎ C. Each winner can receive $ 1 million in prize money.‎ D. It’s the most influential sporting event in the world ‎25. What makes the winners of London Marathon this year special?‎ A. Their nationality. B. Their speed C. Their prize money. D. Their purpose.‎ ‎26. Why does the author mention the story of Tom Harrison?‎ A. To tell us competitors can help each other.‎ B. To prove some amateurs are not good runners.‎ C. To indicate participation matters more than success.‎ D. To show the sports event means charity for some people.‎ ‎17. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. The London Marathon B. Impressive Marathon Runners C. Touching Stories behind Marathon D. The History of the London Marathon ‎【六】‎ One of my all-time favorite holiday destinations is the Gold Coast. With its beautiful beaches, mountain hinterland and theme parks, the variety from one location to another is fantastic! And it’s also important that it’s like a playground for my children.‎ The Gold Coast certainly offers something for every member of our family. We all love heading down to the beach for an early morning swim or surf. The beaches feature some of the softest golden sand and pumping waves, making them ideal for surfing. Safety is important, especially when I’m out with the kids, and I feel better knowing that lifeguards are continually on patrol (巡逻). The long coast also offers the perfect setting for a leisurely walk at sunset—a favorite activity of mine.‎ Then, of course, there’s the bargain-hunting in the city’s center. For shopping-goers, there are amazing shopping centers, boutiques and the usual chain stores. I always pick up loads of goodies at Pacific Fair.‎ The Gold Coast is very popular for its theme parks—Sea World, Warner Bros Movie World and Dream World. The seal and dolphin presentations at Sea World keep both children and adults on the edge of their seats as the sea creatures go through a series of complicated jumps, flips and rolls. It’s great entertainment and an educational window to the underwater world for the kids. Our kids also enjoy meeting the characters at Movie World and watching how real movies are made.‎ Night-time is equally fun, as we usually set off to find the best local restaurants and cafes. The mix of cultures and influences has given the Gold Coast a wide variety of choices, including modern Australian, Italian, Asian and seafood, although sometimes nothing beats fish and chips!‎ A visit to the Gold Coast in the Sunshine State is really worthwhile and fun.‎ ‎28. Why does the author consider the Gold Coast as her ideal holiday destination?‎ A. There are a lot of shopping centers.‎ B. The whole family can have fun there.‎ C It’s a safe and interesting place for kids.‎ D. The author can walk leisurely along the coast.‎ ‎29. What does the underlined word “boutiques” probably mean?‎ A. Theme parks. B. Beautiful parks.‎ C. Small shops. D. Local restaurants.‎ ‎30. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?‎ A. What the theme parks offer.‎ B. How popular the Gold Coast is.‎ C. Why kids love theme parks so much.‎ D. What people can do in the Gold Coast.‎ ‎31. What makes night-time in the Gold Coast attractive for tourists?‎ A. The presentations. B. The entertainments.‎ C. The shopping centers. D. Various choices of food.‎ ‎【七】‎ What makes us human? Is it our thoughts? Our emotions? Our behavior?‎ All of these things make us who we are, but at the center of it all lies the genome (基因组)—the genes inside our bodies that determine everything from our hair color to our intelligence. But if we could change our genome, would we still be human?‎ Recently, a group of scientists from the United States - and South Korea worked together to successfully “edit” a human embryo (胚胎) and remove a genetic mutation (变异) that would have led to heart disease, reported The Guardian.‎ This was achieved with the help of CRISPR—a gene-editing tool that allows scientist to edit ‎ the genome by cutting, changing or adding to parts of it.‎ Scientists involved in DNA editing are certain about the good of their work, and hope that in the future, diseases or birth defects could simply be “edited out”.‎ However, others aren’t so sure. People are worried that the science could be used not only to remove life-threatening illness, but also to make a “perfect” baby whose DNA had been chosen to improve their intelligence or other qualities. It might make having a baby similar to choosing a new house or car. Critics (评论家) say that this is a shallow way of thinking about raising children.‎ ‎“It makes you think about who we are as people, and it makes you ask if humans should be using the kind of power... that is changing human evolution (进化),” Jennifer Doudna of the University of California, Berkeley told MIT Technology Review.‎ Still, others worry that DNA editing could be turned into an expensive service that would only be available to the people who could afford it. That might mean the rich would be given another advantage in a world where they already have plenty of them.‎ ‎“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades’ for their children, leading to even greater inequality than we already live with,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Francisco Center for Genetics, told BBC News.‎ ‎32. Why are the questions asked in Paragraph 1?‎ A. To attract the readers’ interest.‎ B. To seek answers from the readers.‎ C. To show those things aren’t important.‎ D. To correct our understanding of human beings.‎ ‎33. Which of the following will Jennifer Doudna most probably agree with?‎ A. Having a perfect baby is not so good for the family.‎ B. Life-threatening illnesses should be removed before birth.‎ C. DNA editing might cause unexpected problems to humans.‎ D. DNA editing may enlarge the gap between the rich and the poor.‎ ‎34. What does the underlined word “them” most probably refer to?‎ A. Advantages. B. Expensive services.‎ C. Perfect children. D. Qualities. ‎ ‎35. What does the author think of DNA editing?‎ A. It’s good for human evolution.‎ B. It will make humans look similar.‎ C. Its influence is still quite uncertain.‎ D. It can only be afforded by the rich.‎ 答案：21〜25 CDCAA 26〜30 DABCA 31〜35 DACAC ‎ The TED speaker series features “ideas worth spreading.” With over 1,400 to choose from, we’ve selected a few that are perfect for students.‎ ‎1. Larry Smith: Why You Will Fail to Have a Great Career We humans have an excellent ability to make excuses for ourselves. Larry Smith, a professor of economics at the University of Waterloo in Canada, tells us why most of us will fail to have a great career. But there is a way out— if you try to pursue your passion. ‎ ‎2. Andy Puddicombe: All It takes Is 10 Mindful Minutes ‎ Between dance team, volunteering and—oh, right—lectures, your life’s crazy factor is about to go way up. In this entertaining and informative talk, mindfulness expert Andy Puddicombe teaches us how to be “more healthy, more mindful and less distracted” by taking just 10 minutes out of the day to be more present.‎ ‎3. Shane Koyczan: To This DAY For the Bullied and Beautiful This talk is sure to stay with you. Shane Koyczan’s “To this DAY” is an affecting spoken-word poem about bullying and being different that gained over 10 million views on YouTube. In this talk, Koyczan gives a live reading of the poem, along with some stories about his background.‎ ‎4. Susan Cain: The power of Introverts(性格内向者)‎ Does a cup of tea and a good book sound like a perfect Friday night? In this personal talk, Susan Cain argues that introverts have important talents and abilities. Our culture may value being social and outgoing, but the word needs all kinds.‎ ‎56. What does Larry Smith advise students to do for a good career?‎ A. Don’t be too optimistic.‎ B. Learn from others’ lessons.‎ C. Never make excuses for yourself.‎ D. Match your interests with your career.‎ ‎57. Whose talk can make people who are shy more confident?‎ A. Susan Cain’s. B. Larry Smith’s. C. Shane Koyczan’s . D. Andy Piddicombe’s.‎ ‎【答案】56. D 57. A ‎【解析】 TED演讲者系列的特点是“值得传播的想法”，有超过1400的选择，我们为学生选择了一些完美的演讲。主要有Larry Smith的Why You Will Fail to Have a Great Career ？Andy Puddicombe的All It takes Is 10 Mindful Minutes；.Shane Koyczan的Shane Koyczan以及Susan Cai的The power of Introverts的演讲。‎ ‎56. D ‎ 推理判断题。根据Larry Smith “… why most of us will fail to have a great career. But there is a way out— if you try to pursue your passion.” ‎ 为什么我们大多数人都不会有伟大的事业？。但如果你努力追求你的爱好，就有出路。分析句意可知，如果你做的事业就是你喜欢的，就会有，即兴趣与你的事业是匹配的，一致的。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D项。‎ ‎57. A ‎ 推理判断题。根据Susan Cain: 部分中倒数第二句“In this personal talk, Susan Cain argues that introverts have important talents and abilities.” 在这个话题中，Susan Cain认为，内向的人有重要的天赋和能力。可知会让那些内向的人更自信。people who are shy Shy（害羞的人，怕羞的人）是Introverts(性格内向者)，分析选项可知A 项是正确的。‎ ‎【八】‎ As I begin to tell my friends about the seven days you treated my wife, Laura, in what turned out to be the last days of her young life, they stop me at about the 15th name that I recall. The list includes the doctors, nurses, social workers, and even cleaning staff members who cared for her.‎ ‎“How do you remember any of their names?” they ask.‎ ‎“How could I not?” I respond.‎ Every single one of you treated Laura with such professionalism and kindness and dignity as she lay unconscious. When she needed shots, you apologized that it was going to hurt a little, whether or not she could hear. When you listened to her heart and lungs through your stethoscopes(听诊器)and her gown (长衫)began to slip, you pulled it up to respectfully cover her. You spread a blanket when the room was just a little cold and you thought she’d sleep more comfortably that way. ‎ You cared so greatly for her parents, helping them climb into the room’s awkward recliner(躺椅), fetching them fresh water almost by the hour, and answering every one of their medical questions with patience.‎ Then there was how you treated me. How many times did you walk into the room to find me sobbing, my head down and resting on her hand, and quietly go about your task, as if willing ‎ yourselves invisible? How many times did you help me set up the recliner as close as possible to her bedside? How many times did you check on me to see whether I needed anything, from food to drink, from fresh clothes to a hot shower.‎ Really, I have all of you to thank for it with my eternal gratitude and love.‎ ‎58. We can infer from the first paragraph that  .‎ A. the writer could remember 15 doctors’ names B. the writer’s friends treated Laura for seven days C. the doctors were unable to save Laura in the end D. the writer’s friends didn’t want to listen to his story ‎59. How did the doctors and nurses treat the writer?‎ A. They helped him to get a bed close to his wife’s.‎ B. They gave him an examination to see if he was ill.‎ C. They tried not to disturb him when he was in deep sorrow.‎ D. They provided him with food, drink, fresh clothes and shower daily.‎ ‎60. The passage is mainly developed by   .‎ A. giving examples B. comparing evidence C. listing suggestions D. showing different opinions ‎【答案】58. C 59. C 60. A ‎【解析】 作者的妻子临终前，医院的医生、护士、社会工作者，甚至还有清洁工作人员，都非常关心她，同时作者及家人也得到了他们的无声的帮助，在文章中作者表达自己对这些人的感激和感谢。‎ ‎58. C ‎ 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Laura, in what turned out to be the last days of her young life,” 劳拉，这是她年轻生命的最后几天里。由此可知劳拉已死去，可知医生也无法挽救她的生命，分析选项可知C符合题意，故选C项。‎ ‎59. C ‎ 推理判断题。根据第六段的“How many times did you walk into the room to find me sobbing, my head down and resting on her hand, and quietly go about your task , as if willing yourselves invisible?”可知有多少次，医生和护士走进房间，发现当作者在哭泣，头垂下来，放在劳拉的手上，他们静静地做着自己的事，仿佛他们自己没有被看见似的。可知医生和护士不想打扰作者。分析选项可知C 项是正确的。‎ ‎60. A ‎ ‎【解题剖析】此题属于篇章结构题中的（3）了解文章的修辞手法。答案需要从文章的整体结构人手。‎ ‎【答案定位】本文的第一段有很多人关心他的妻子在临终前的人的名单，其后的第二段提出了问题“是怎么记得他们的名字”，第三段反问“怎么能记不得呢？”接着下面的第四、五和六段用一连串的事例来说明。最后一段是总结段。因此本文是以给出例子来展开的。‎ ‎【推理关系】题干The passage is mainly developed by ☞本文的第一段有很多人关心他的妻子在临终前的人的名单，其后的第二段提出了问题“是怎么记得他们的名字”，第三段反问“怎么能记不得呢？”接着下面的第四、五和六段用一连串的事例来说明。最后一段是总结段。因此本文是以给出例子来展开的。‎ ‎【答案】☞A选项 ‎【名题点睛】篇章结构题之（3）了解文章的修辞手法。‎ ‎（3）了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。‎ ‎【九】‎ Everybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catch or wake up early in order not to miss varies by culture？‎ From data collected, it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep, on average, are sporting events, time changes, and holidays.‎ Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to "winter time" starting on October 26.‎ Russia's other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year's Eve, Russians have the world's latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 a. m.‎ Russians also get up an hour later on International Women's Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.‎ Similarly, Americans' late nights, late mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends. ‎ Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey (冰球) final. ‎ The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation. The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.‎ It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in ‎ some of these nations, it's likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that's the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?‎ ‎61. What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep?‎ A. They don't fall asleep until very late. B. They don't sleep much on weekends.‎ C. They sleep longer than people elsewhere. D. They get less sleep on public holidays.‎ ‎62. The underlined word “deprivation” in the last paragraph but one means .‎ A. depression B. loss C. observation D. trouble ‎63. What is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a device to record their sleep patterns?‎ A. They have trouble falling asleep. B. They are involved in a sleep research.‎ C. They want to get sufficient sleep. D. They want to go to bed on regular hours.‎ ‎64. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?‎ A. Sleeplessness does harm to people's health.‎ B. It is important to study our sleep patterns.‎ C. Few people really know the importance of sleep.‎ D. Average people probably sleep.‎ ‎【答案】61. D 62. B 63. C 64. C ‎【解析】 许多人熬夜或早起因为不同的文化而原因各不相同。从收集到的数据来看，我们的睡眠时间、体育赛事、假期等因素都会让我们失去最多的睡眠。这个数据令人震惊，然而却几乎没人意识到睡眠对我们是多么的重要。‎ ‎61. D ‎ 推理判断题。根据第四段“.Russia's other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year's Eve, Russians have the world's latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 a. m.” 在公共假日，俄罗斯人通常熬夜和早起。除夕之夜，俄罗斯人有了世界上最新的就寝时间，大约凌晨3点30分睡觉。可知俄罗斯人在公共假期的睡的非常少。分析选项可知D项（他们在公共假日睡眠较少）符合题意，故选D项。‎ ‎62. B ‎【解题剖析】此题属于猜测词义中的（4）：依据逻辑推理猜测词义。答案需要推断works和contributions对比关系。‎ ‎【答案定位】根据倒数第二段中的“The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning”接着讲述世界杯期间，英国人比平常晚睡半小时但比平常早起，可知由于世界杯赛时，很多人的睡眠少了，即世界杯是造成英国人睡眠不足的主要原因。可推知：此处stayed up a half-hour later to watch it,… woke up earlier than usual the next morning和loss 关系。‎ ‎【推理关系】题干The underlined word “deprivation” in the last paragraph but one means ☞文章内容The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning ‎【答案】d up a half-hour later to watch it,… woke up earlier than usual the next morning和loss 关系。☞B选项loss ‎ ‎ 63. C ‎ 推理判断题。根据第九段中的“…. not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it's likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person.”可知使用这种装置就是为了比一般人睡的多点。分析选项可知，C项（想有充足的睡眠）符合题意，故选C项。‎ ‎64. C4 ‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Even if that's the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?” 尽管如此，上述发现仍然令人震惊。如果我们当中最有健康意识的人一年中的睡眠水平有如此剧烈的波动，那么我们其余的人会失去多少睡眠呢？从句意中可推断出很少有人意识到睡眠的重要性，故选C。‎ ‎【十】‎ The fence was long and high. He put the brush into the whitewash and moved it along the top of the fence. He repeated the operation. He felt he could not continue and sat down.‎ He knew that his friends would arrive soon with all kinds of interesting plans for the day.‎ They would walk past him and laugh. They would make jokes about his having to work on a beautiful summer Saturday. The thought burned him like fire.‎ He put his hand into his pockets and took out all that he owned. Perhaps he could find some way to pay someone to do the whitewashing for him. But there was nothing of value in his pockets—nothing that could buy even half an hour of freedom. So he put the bits of toys back into his pockets and gave up the idea.‎ At this dark and hopeless moment, a wonderful idea came to him. It filled his mind with a great, bright light. Calmly he picked up the brush and started again to whitewash.‎ While Tom was working, Ben Rogers appeared. Ben was eating an apple as he walked along the street. As he walked along it, he was making noises like the sound of a riverboat. First he shouted loudly, like a boat captain. Then he said “Ding－Dong－Dong”,“Ding－Dong－Dong” again and again, like the bell of a riverboat. And he made other strange noises. When he came close to Tom, he stopped.‎ Tom went on whitewashing. He did not look at Ben. Ben stared a moment and then said: “Hello! I'm going swimming, but you can't go, can you？”‎ No answer. Tom moved his brush carefully along the fence and looked at the result with the eye of an artist. Ben came nearer. Tom's mouth watered for the apple, but he kept on working.‎ Ben said, “Hello, old fellow, you've got to work, hey？”‎ Tom turned suddenly and said, “Why, it's you, Ben! I wasn't noticing.”‎ ‎“Say—I'm going swimming. Don't you wish you could? But of course you'd rather work—wouldn't you? Of course you would.”‎ Tom looked at the boy a bit, and said, “What do you call work？”‎ ‎“Why, isn't that work？”‎ Tom went back to his whitewashing, and answered carelessly.‎ ‎“Well, maybe it is, and maybe it isn't. All I know is, it suits Tom Sawyer.”‎ ‎“Oh come, now, you don't mean to say that you like it？”‎ The brush continued to move.‎ ‎“Like it? Well, I don't see why I shouldn't like it. Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day？”‎ Ben stopped eating his apple. Tom moved his brush back and forth, stepped back to look at the result, added a touch here and there, and stepped back again. Ben watched every move and got more and more interested. Soon he said，“Say, Tom, let me whitewash a little.”‎ Tom thought for a moment, and was about to agree, but he changed his mind.‎ ‎“No—no—it won't do, Ben. You see, Aunt Polly wants this fence to be perfect. It has got to be done very carefully. I don't think there is one boy in a thousand, maybe two thousand, that can do it well enough.”‎ ‎“No—is that so? Oh come, now—let me just try. Only just a little.”‎ ‎“Ben, I'd like to, but if it isn't done right, I'm afraid Aunt Polly … ”‎ ‎“Oh, I'll be careful. Now let me try. Say—I'll give you the core of my apple.”‎ ‎“Well, here—No, Ben, now don't. I'm afraid …”‎ ‎“I'll give you all of it.”‎ Tom gave up the brush with unwillingness on his face, but joy in his heart. And while Ben worked at the fence in the hot sun, Tom sat under a tree, eating the apple, and planning how to get more help. There were enough boys. Each one came to laugh, but remained to whitewash. By the time Ben was tired, Tom sold the next chance to Billy for a kite; and when Billy was tired, Johnny bought it for a dead rat—and so on, hour after hour. And when the middle of the afternoon came, Tom had won many treasures.‎ And he had not worked. He had had a nice idle time all the time, with plenty of company, and the fence had been whitewashed three times. If he hadn't run out of whitewash, Tom would have owned everything belonging to his friends.‎ He had discovered a great law of human action, namely, that in order to make a man or a boy want a thing, it is only necessary to make the thing difficult to get.‎ ‎65. How many characters are mentioned in this story?‎ A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7‎ ‎66. Why did Tom take all his bits of toys out of his pockets?‎ A. Because he was tired and wanted to play with his toys B. Because he wanted to throw his toys away C. Because he wanted to know if he could buy help with his toys D. Because he wanted to give his toys to his friends ‎67. Tom was about to agree to let Ben whitewash when he changed his mind because ________.‎ A. Tom wanted to do the whitewashing by himself B. Tom planned to make Ben give up his apple first C. Tom was unwilling to let Ben do the whitewashing D. Tom was afraid Ben would do the whitewashing better ‎68. We can learn from the passage that ________.‎ A. Tom was interested in whitewashing the fence B. Tom had a lot of friends who are ready to help others C. Tom was unwilling to whitewash the fence, but he managed to let other boys do it for him D. Tom was good at whitewashing the fence, so he looked at the result of work with the eye of an artist ‎69. What made Ben Rogers eagerly give up his apple and offer to brush the fence for Tom?‎ A. His warm heart and kindness to friends. B. His curiosity about Tom's brushing job.‎ C. Tom's threat. D. Aunt Polly's idea.‎ ‎70. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?‎ A. The Happy Whitewasher B. Tom And His Fellows C. Whitewashing A Fence D. How To Make The Things Difficult To Get ‎【答案】65. B 66. C 67. B 68. C 69. B 70. A ‎【解析】本文是故事类文章。 Tom不得不在周六帮助Aunt Polly来粉刷篱笆，于是他就想出一个绝妙的主意，就是设法让路过的小朋友们认为这是一项只有最棒的孩子才能做好的工作，从而让他们自愿地拿出他们喜欢的东西来换取这项粉刷工作的机会，最终Tom在自己没动手工作的情况下不仅完成了粉刷工作，而且得到了许多其他小朋友的东西。‎ ‎65. B ‎ 细节理解题。通读文章可知，人物有Tom，Ben Roger，Billy，Johnny及Aunt Polly，共计5‎ 个人物，分析选项可知B项正确。‎ ‎66. C 推理判断题。根据第四段“He put his hand into his pockets and took out all that he owned. Perhaps he could find some way to pay someone to do the whitewashing for him…. So he put the bits of toys back into his pockets and gave up the idea.”分析本句可知，Tom想从口袋中找出什么东西，看是否能用玩具来让其他的人帮他干活。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C项。‎ ‎67. B ‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Tom sat under a tree, eating the apple, and planning how to get more help.” 汤姆坐在树下，吃着苹果，并计划如何获得更多的帮助。根据本保存可知因为他想要让Ben用手中的苹果来这次粉刷的工作。从中可知Tom是个聪明的孩子。分析选项可知B项符合题意。故选B项。‎ ‎68. C 推理判断题。根据文章描述可知，Tom不得不在周六帮助Aunt Polly来粉刷篱笆，于是他就想出一个绝妙的主意，就是设法让路过的小朋友们认为这是一项只有最棒的孩子才能做好的工作，从而自愿地拿出他们喜欢的东西来换取这项粉刷工作的机会，最终Tom在自己没有动手工作的情况下不仅完成了粉刷工作而且得到了许多其他小朋友的东西。分析选项可知C项符合题意。‎ ‎69. B ‎ 推理判断题。根据第17---19段中Tom和Ben的对话可知，Tom说“Like it? Well, I don't see why I shouldn't like it. Does a boy get a chance to whitewash a fence every day？” Ben stopped eating his apple. Tom moved his brush back and forth, stepped back to look at the result, added a touch here and there, and stepped back again. Ben watched every move and got more and more interested. Soon he said，“Say, Tom, let me whitewash a little.”可知当Tom说这可不是男孩每天都有机会粉刷篱笆，于是Ben就注视着Tom的“认真”粉刷，越来越对些感兴趣了。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。‎ ‎70. A ‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知， Tom用自己的聪明才智不仅把一项粉刷工作完成，而且还得到了小朋友们手中的东西，度过了一个快乐的周六。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。‎ ‎【十一】‎ Business administration is the most popular undergraduate major in U.S. colleges and universities, accounting for as much as one-fifth of all bachelor degrees awarded each year. Students naturally think of a business degree as the surest way to land a good job after graduation. Many international students agree. Twenty percent studied business last year-the second most popular major after engineering, according to the Institute of International Education.‎ Below are descriptions of three of U.S. colleges and universities with strong offerings in business.‎ Bentley College Waltham, Massachusetts Bentley offers its 4,000 undergraduates a top-flight business education and an equally strong liberal-arts program that leaves them well-prepared to join the ranks of future business leaders. The college occupies a scenic campus only a shuttle-bus ride from Boston’s Harvard Square. More than 90 percent of students seek career-oriented internships（实习）.‎ Bucknell University Lewisburg, Pennsylvania Bucknell’s 3,500 undergraduates benefit from small classes and an engaging staff at this liberal-arts institution in a remote but beautiful campus in central Pennsylvania. Accounting and financial management are specialties in the introductory management course that create and sell a product and then donate their profits to charity（慈善）.‎ University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio This urban university with 21,000 undergraduates, located a mile from downtown Cincinnati, was the-birthplace of cooperative education over a century ago. Under this five-year “earn while you learn” program, more than 3,000 students alternate academic study with ‎ internships in local businesses and other organizations.‎ ‎21. What makes business administration popular with U.S. college students?‎ A. A good job after graduation.‎ B. Scenic campuses near downtown.‎ C. Easy access to bachelor degrees.‎ D. A shortcut to academic achievements.‎ ‎22. What does Bentley College do for its students?‎ A. Encourage them to join in charity sale.‎ B. Train them to be business leaders.‎ C. Benefit them from small-size classes.‎ D. Provide them the first-class business education.‎ ‎23. Where can students combine academic study with working experience?‎ A. The Institute of International Education. B. Bentley College.‎ C. University of Cincinnati. D. Bucknell University.‎ ‎【十二】‎ A Hobby is a regular activity that is done for enjoyment, typically during one’s leisure（闲暇的） time. By continually taking part in a particular hobby, one can acquire practical skill and knowledge in that area. Is travel a good hobby? Travel, in the youngest sort, is a part of education and, in the elder, a part of experience. Some may think otherwise. To them, visiting churches, castles, libraries, etc. is an absolute wastage of time. They may further say that one can read the account of these or see the films of the important places of the world. They forget that touch of actuality gives a different type of sensation and satisfaction.‎ Travelling may be an expensive hobby but it makes up for the financial loss. If a traveller has ‎ interest in life and its manifestations（表现）, one can find much to keep oneself absorbed and happy. A student of any stream can definitely find something of his own interest and studies. One can definitely find everything that satisfies his cravings for knowledge and feelings.‎ As a hobby, travelling keeps us busy during leisure time; it is the best method to make use of time. Till a person breaks from dull routine, physically and mentally, one cannot find satisfaction. Travelling helps us to achieve this break. At a new place, one is curious to know and eager to gather all the unknown information about the place which he has neither read nor heard before and he gets thrills and surprises which keep the interest and enthusiasm alive and encourage us to keep our journey on.‎ While travelling, one comes across a number of people from varied backgrounds and places. By interacting with them, he comes to know about their traditions also. In case one has psychological bent of mind, one increases one’s experience and power to understand others. Understanding human nature is, perhaps, the best part of education. Travelling satisfies all demands of a good hobby-it is absorbing education and refreshment to the mind, body and soul.‎ ‎24. What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A. Different views on travel.‎ B. The drawbacks of travel.‎ C. The importance of touching nature.‎ D. Differences between a hobby and travel.‎ ‎25. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “cravings” in the second paragraph?‎ A. changes. B. researches. C. desires. D. problems.‎ ‎26. What can a person do to benefit himself both in his mind and body?‎ A. Travel about at his rush hours.‎ B. Take a break from daily routine by travelling.‎ C. Stay curious to know things around every day.‎ D. Interact with people from diverse cultures.‎ ‎27. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Curiosity Killed the Cat B. Travel Is a Good Hobby C. Absorb Education & Refresh Yourself D. Stay Hungry & Never Forget Your Ambition ‎【十三】‎ Sweet or salty? What kind of tastes do you like? If like me, you have a sweet tooth and you probably can’t resist eating cakes, biscuits or chocolate and will sweeten your tea or coffee with spoonfuls of sugar-delicious! But the taste makes it very easy to ignore the warnings that too much of the white stuff（东西）is bad for our health.‎ Consuming sugar is an addiction-the more we eat, the more we want. Today’s processed food, like ready meals, is related to the stuff and many fizzy（起泡的）drinks contain seven teaspoons of sugar in just one can. In the UK, statistics show that sugar consumption is at its highest level in history and the government is trying to get the food industry to cut the amount of sugar in popular products like chocolate bars by 20% by 2020.‎ Of course, sugary food tastes nice, it can help lift our mood, and a part in it can refresh us. But there are dangers too :a high-sugar diet is linked to putting on weight, and being overweight can increase the risk of getting type 2 diabetes（糖尿病）. With these warning signs, I have considered changing my diet by replacing sugary snacks with fruit and salty biscuits-but that’s boring!‎ I’m not alone. BBC journalist Radhika Shanghani, has gone one step further. Encouraged by some well-knowns and nutritionists promoting a ‘zero tolerance’ approach to sugar, she gave it up altogether, thinking it would make her healthier. Initially she says, “My first fortnight involves ‎ mood swings. I have disturbing headaches and feel permanently hung-over.” These symptoms disappeared but she still found food shopping hard as she was stressing about buying the right things.‎ Her experiment wasn’t a success. She eventually sought advice from Susan Jebb, professor of diet and population health at Oxford University who said: “Lots of people enjoy sugar and gain pleasure from it, so one has to find a balance between enjoyment and eating the right amount.”‎ ‎28. What is a person with a sweet tooth most likely to do?‎ A. Reject sweet cakes. B. Have his coffee black.‎ C. Add sugar to his drinks. D. Remember the harm of sweet food.‎ ‎29. What can we infer from the 2nd and 3rd paragraphs?‎ A. Sugar consumption is all bad for us.‎ B. Processed food contains no sugar.‎ C. People in UK tend to consume less sugar.‎ D. Chocolate bars are popular with the British.‎ ‎30. Why does the author want to change his diet?‎ A.T o avoid being overweight. B. To quit his boring life.‎ C. To enjoy sugar-free food. D. To cheer himself up.‎ ‎31. What can we learn about the BBC journalist?‎ A. She replaced her usual diet with salty biscuits.‎ B. She promoted a balance between joy and pressure.‎ C. She reduced her sugar consumption successfully.‎ D. She suffered some side effects from eating no more sugar.‎ ‎【十四】‎ Last year DeepMind’s AlphaGo programme took on and beat two of the world’s best players of the Chinese game of Go（围棋）-an unbelievable achievement seen as a milestone in the development of artificial intelligence (A). That programme was trained by first giving it vast amounts of data from amateur and professional games.‎ The new AlphaGo Zero began with a blank board and nothing but the rules of Go and set about playing against itself. Within three days it was so advanced that it took on the previous version, which had taken months to develop, and defeated it by a hundred games to zero.‎ DeepMind says that creating knowledge from first principles without learning from human expertise（专门技能）is an important step in developing artificial intelligence. The company’s founder Demis Hassabis said this breakthrough could help in real world problems such as designing new drugs or discovering new materials.‎ In 1997, Garry Kasparov was defeated by Deep Blue, a computer program written by IBM, running on a supercomputer. This was the first time that a ruling world chess champion was defeated by a computer program in tournament conditions. Superficially, AlphaGo’s win against Lee Sedol can be compared to Deep Blue’s win against Gary Kasparov, which happened almost 20 years ago. So: what’s the big deal? We have to understand the differences between chess and Go.‎ In chess, each player begins with 16 pieces of six different types. Each piece of type moves differently. The goal of the game is to seize the other player's king. Go starts with an empty board. The goal of the game is to gain as much territory（领地）as possible.‎ Although the rules of Go might appear simpler than those of chess, the complexity of Go is higher. Also, games usually last longer for lots of moves. A typical game in Go might last for 150 moves vs.80 in chess.‎ ‎32. What helped the new AlphaGo Zero defeat the previous version?‎ A. A supercomputer.‎ B. Some human expertise.‎ C. A blank board and the rules of Go.‎ D. Abundant data from various games.‎ ‎33. Which of the following is TRUE about the AlphaGo programme?‎ A. It records the steps in the development of AI.‎ B. It might help solve some real world problems.‎ C. It may help develop a new computer system.‎ D. It will rule the world Go champions.‎ ‎34. What can we learn about the Game of Go from the text?‎ A. Each player starts with 16 pieces of six types.‎ B. It lasts longer for more rules.‎ C. It is more complex than the game of chess.‎ D. It takes far fewer moves than the game of chess.‎ ‎35. What is the author’s attitude towards the outcome of AI development?‎ A. Doubtful. B. Disappointed. C. Uncaring. D. 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Insurance is issued by Live Life Insurance Group.‎ ‎10% OFF ALL BOOKINGS for departures from 5 to 11 September 2017‎ ‎*Child must be accompanied by two paying adults.‎ ‎**Terms and conditions apply.‎ ‎21. Which benefit is mentioned in the advertisement?‎ A. A free flight to any destination in Africa B. a 20% discount on any course at Tanya Language School C. 20% off any book purchased at Ruby Bookstore D. a free bowl of dessert at any restaurant ‎ ‎22. Which of the following bookings may receive the most benefits?‎ A. B.‎ ‎ C. D. ‎ ‎23. This passage is probably taken from a(an)_____________‎ A. textbook B. instruction C. poster D. report ‎【十六】‎ A young woman sits alone in a café sipping tea and reading a book. She pauses briefly to write in a nearby notepad before showing her words to a passing café waiter: "Where are the toilets please?" This is a familiar scene in Tokyo’s so-called "silent cafés", where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads. ‎ The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation. The phenomenon is not limited to coffee shops but covers everything from silent discos, where participants dance alone wearing wireless headphones connected to the DJ, to products such as small desk tents designed for conversation-free privacy in the office. One Kyoto company even offers single women the opportunity to have a "one woman wedding"—a full bridal affair, complete with white dress and ceremony, and the only thing missing is the groom. The trend has its own media expression-“botchi-zoku”, referring to individuals who consciously choose to do things completely on their own.‎ One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled ‎ 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time. Speaking quietly at the entrance of the cafe, Miss Higashikokubaru said: “I heard about this place via Twitter and I like the idea of coming here. I work as a nurse and it's always very busy. There are very few quiet places in Tokyo, and it's a big busy city. I just want to come and sit somewhere quietly on my own. I’m going to drink a cup of tea and maybe do some drawings. I like the idea of a quiet, calm atmosphere.”‎ The desire to be isolated is not a new concept in Japan, home to an estimated 3.6 million "hikikomori" - a more extreme example of social recluses(隐士) who withdraw completely from society. ‎ ‎24. What is special about the “silent cafes”?‎ ‎ A. It provides various tea and books. ‎ ‎ B. It has attracted many popular young people.‎ ‎ C. It offers service by writing not by speaking ‎ D. People are not allowed to communicate.‎ ‎25. Which of the following statement can’t account for the idea of being alone in Japan?‎ ‎ A. Unstable economic situation ‎ B. A change in traditional family support pattern ‎ C. The rising demand for privacy ‎ D. The increasing social isolation26. What do we know about Higashikokubaru?‎ ‎ A. She doesn’t like to be a nurse. ‎ B. She doesn’t like the life in big cities.‎ ‎ C. She travelled to Tokyo on her work days. ‎ D. She enjoys her solo time in a quiet place.‎ ‎27. What is the best title of the passage?‎ ‎ A. Lonely Japanese ‎ B. One woman wedding ‎ C. Social recluses in Japan ‎ D. Silent cafes ‎【十七】‎ In March, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio ended a decade-long citywide ban on cellphone in public schools and left them to make up their own rules because he argued that by denying access for some students, the city was exacerbating (使加重) the achievement gap in students’ performance.‎ Two researchers from the London School of Economics, Richard Murphy and Louis Philippe Beland argued that this might have the opposite effect because students are not generally using their phones to assist in their classroom work during school. “Schools could significantly reduce the education achievement gap by prohibiting cellphones use in schools, and so by allowing phones in schools, New York may unintentionally increase the inequalities of outcomes,” they told CNN.‎ However, some educators have come to embrace the technology in their students’ pockets. Teacher Ken Halla has been teaching world history and Advanced Placement for 22years but his students’ cellphone ownership forced him to adapt to his classroom dynamics where he no longer is the single authority lecturing, according to the National Education Association (NEA). He now roams (漫步) the classroom and encourages students to use their cellphones to help them complete their assignments, this way they are less likely to let their devices distract themselves.‎ ‎“It’s harder to do negative behavior when the phones are out and the teacher is walking around.” Mr Halla told the NEA. “I’ve always been that type of person who likes to adapt and change as time goes on. Otherwise, I wouldn’t still be teaching many years down the road.”‎ ‎28. Why did Bill de Blasio stop the ban on cellphones in New York public schools?‎ A. Because it negatively affected students’ health.‎ B. Because it limited most students’ progress.‎ C. Because it enlarged academic gap among students.‎ D. Because it was requested by parents and students.‎ ‎29. What did the two researchers think of New York’s act?‎ A. Appreciative B. Meaningless C. Impractical D. Worrying ‎30. What is Halla’s class like?‎ A. Students can solve problems using cellphones.‎ B. Students can use cellphones at will.‎ C. The class focused on how to use cellphones.‎ D. He is the only center of the entire class.‎ ‎31. What does the underlined phrase in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A. A sympathetic one. B. A humorous one. ‎ C. An easy-going one. D. An open-minded one. ‎ ‎【十八】‎ Psychologists take opposing views of how external (外部的) rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Some other researchers who study various aspects of mental life, state that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. ‎ The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful ‎ use of small monetary rewards inspires creativity in grade-school children, according to a study in the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology.‎ ‎“If they know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much expectation for rewards.”‎ Esenberger holds the view that a teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts to tighten grading standards and restore falling grades at major universities.‎ In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points towards valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.‎ ‎32. Psychologists are divided about their attitudes toward ____.‎ A. the choice between moral encouragement and monetary rewards B. the appropriate amount of external rewards C. the study of relationship between actions and consequences D. the effects of external rewards on students' performance33. Which of the following can best raise students' creativity according to Robert Esenberger? ‎ A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before.‎ B. Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness.‎ C. Giving them rewards they really deserve.‎ D. Giving them rewards they expect.‎ ‎34. The phrase “token economics” in Para5 probably refers to______________‎ A. ways to develop economics B. systems of rewarding students C. approaches to solving complex problems D. methods of improving performance ‎35. What is the author’s attitude towards the topic? ‎ A. Opposed B. Supportive C. Objective D. Doubtful 答案：21-23 CDC 24-27 CCDD 28-31 CDAD 32-35 DCBC