2020届二轮英语特优复习专题四语法填空课件

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2020届二轮英语特优复习专题四语法填空课件

专 题 突 破 第 二 部 分 专题四 语法填空 【考点分析 】 全国卷 3 年考点分布表 【结论 】 从以上表格可以看出,考查形式主要为 “ 有提示词 ” 和 “ 无提示词 ” ,比例基本上分别是 7 个和 3 个。 “ 有提示词 ” 部分以考查 “ 谓语动词 ( 含非谓语动词部分 ) ” 为重点,每套试题基本上是 4 个,三年总共出现了 37 次!而 2019 年和 2018 年的卷 Ⅱ 都达到了 5 个! “ 词类转换 ” 出现的频率次之,三年共出现 15 次。 “ 比较等级 ( 含最高级 ) ”“ 代词 ( 的格 ) ” 也经常出现在试题中。在 “ 无提示词 ” 部分, “ 冠词 ” 出现最多,为 7 次;近两年来, “ 关系词 ” 在三套试题中均出现了一次,真正成了常见的考查内容。介词和连词也是考查的重要方面,值得引起我们的高度重视。 总之, “ 语法填空 ” 所涉及的考点都是最基本的词汇和语法知识,主要考查词类转换、谓语动词,兼顾名词、冠词、介词、连词等的考查。 注: 为了方便统计,加之人称代词属于实词类,尽管 2017 年卷 Ⅱ 的第 67 题是以 “ 无提示词 ” 的形式考查的人称动词 it ,本书仍将其归到了 “ 有提示词 ” 的 “ 代词 ( 的格 ) ” 方面,特此说明。 【展望 2020 】 根据上面的规律和分析可知, 2020 的 “ 语法填空 ” 在文章体裁、长度等方面仍然会保持相对的稳定,在考题涉及方面仍然会以词类转换、谓语动词等为主要考查对象。因此,考生在平时的训练中,应切实加强 “ 四个必考点 ( 连词、谓语动词、非谓语动词、词类转换 ) ” 和 “ 四个常考点 ( 冠词、介词、比较级、名词的复数 ) ” 的练习,同时,适当注意 “ 四个可考点 ( 代词、助动词、情态动词、连接性副词 ) ” 即可。 栏 目 导 航 02 高 考 例 析 03 追 踪 练 习 04 课 后 作 业 01 考 点 突 破 01 考 点 突 破 (2019 全国 Ⅰ 卷 ) The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88° , there is evidence __ 1 __ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bayin Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __ 2 __ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000 - 25,000 polar bears worldwide. 02 高 考 例 析 Modern methods __ 3 __ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid - 1980s, and are expensive __ 4 __ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut __ 5 __ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a __ 6 __ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by __ 7 __ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating( 聚集 ) around human settlements, leading to the illusion( 错觉 ) that populations are __ 8 __ (high) than they actually are. Of __ 9 __ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __ 10 __ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data. 【语篇解读 】 本文是一篇科普类说明文,介绍了北极熊的生存现状。 【思路点拨 】 1 . that  考查关系词。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为 there be 句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词 evidence 内容,故填 that 。 2 . poorly  考查副词。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词 poorly 修饰谓语动词 “ has been studied” ,意为 “ 研究很少 ” 。 3 . of /for  考查介词。此处 “ tracking polar bear populations” 作 Modern methods 的定语,用 of 连接, methods of doing sth 意为 “ 做某事的方法 ” ,构成固定结构。也可理解为 “ 对于跟踪北极熊的方法 ” 用 for 。故填 of/ for 。 4 . to perform  考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,意为 “ 跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的 ” ,故此填 to perform 。 5 . have reported  考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语 “ in recent years” 可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填 have reported 。 6 . belief  考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处为名词形式,故填 belief 。 7 . noting  考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 by 可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填 noting 。 8 . higher  考查形容词比较级。根据其后 “ than they actually are” 可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填 higher 。 9 . the  考查冠词。此处为特指,意为 “ 在已知的 19 个北极熊亚种群中 ” ,故填 the 。 10 . are  考查谓语动词。根据 “ three are declining” ,此处数词 six 作主语,代指前文中的 “ polar bear subpopulations” ,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,需填 are 。 (2018 全国卷 Ⅰ ) According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __ 1 __(long) than non - runners.You don't have to run fast or for long__ 2 __(see)the benefit.You may drink, smoke , be overweight and still reduce your risk of __ 3 __ (die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it __ 4 __ (be) more effective at lengthening life __ 5 __ walking, cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __ 6 __ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __ 7 __ (cause) . The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise … it's probably running.To avoid knee pain , you can run on soft surfaces , do exercises to __ 8 __(strength)your leg muscles( 肌肉 ), avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap , easy and it's always __ 9 __ (energy) . If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give __ 10 __ a try. 【语篇解读 】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处,它可以帮助人们延年益寿。 【思路点拨 】 1 . longer  考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活 3 年。根据 than 可知,应用比较级,故填 longer 。 2 . to see  考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语,故填 to see 。 3 . dying  考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处 of 是介词,其后用动名词。故填 dying 。 4 . is  考查动词的时态。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时。故填 is 。 5 . than  考查比较句型。解析见上题。根据文章中的 “ more effective” 可知,此处填 than 。 6 . that/which  考查定语从句的关系词。此处 “ a study” 是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填 that 或 which 。 7 . causes  考查名词复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天 5 到 10 分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填 causes 。 8 . strengthen  考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处 to 是不定式,其后用动词原形。故填 strengthen 。 9 . energetic  考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据 “ it's” 可知,系动词后用形容词作表语。故填 energetic 。 10 . it/running  考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处 give it a try 意为 “ 试试 ” 。此处 it 也可以指 running 。故填 it 或 running 。 【温馨提示 】 本文比较难的一个题是 10 题 ( 根据命题者设计此题的意图,本书倾向于本题答案为 it ,并将其归纳到 “ 无提示词 ” 部分 ) 。短语 give it a try 不容易想出来。 give a try 试试。 give sb. sth.; give sth. to sb . 这些短语学生都很清楚。但 give 后加 it 或 sth . 的变化形式,比较少见。因此,我们在加大阅读的同时,多注意语言方面的特殊表达;同时高考复习要尽可能多地复习相关的短语,尤其是用得比较多而课本中出现较少的短语。 03 追 踪 练 习 (2019 全国卷 Ⅱ ) A 90 - year - old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for 1. ______ (be)Britain's oldest full - time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield , 2. ______ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 3. ______ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated ( 提名 ) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award , proud Irene 4. ______ (declare) she had no plans 5. ______ (retire) from her 36 - year - old business. Irene said , “ I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6. ______ (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, 7. ______ because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31 — who works alongside her in the family business — said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said , “ We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 8. ______ (say) she was short - listed , we thought it was 9. ______ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 10. ______ (wonder) . ” 【语篇解读 】 本文记叙了 90 岁高龄的 Irene 因一直坚持工作而被评为 Woman of the Year 。 1 . being  介词 for 后面接名词或动名词,故填 being 。 2 . which  此句为非限定性定语从句,用 which 来引导,指代 “ pet shop ” ,故填 which 。 3 . finally  空格处修饰动词,应填副词,故填 finally 。 4 . declared  因事情发生在过去,且后半句动词用 had ,可知该句时态为一般过去时,故填 declared 。 5 . to retire   have no plans to do sth 表示 “ 没有做某事的计划 ” ,故填 to retire 。 6 . have made  根据时间状语 “ over the years ” ,可推出该句应用现在完成时态,故填 have made 。 7 . but  此处句意为 “ 我工作不是因为我必须做,而是因为我想做 ” ,表示转折,故填 but 。 8 . saying  现在分词与 call 为主动关系,故填 saying 。 9 . a   joke 是可数名词,前面需要填不定冠词 a 或 an , joke 以辅音音素开头,故填 a 。 10 . wonderful  此处用形容词作表语,故填 wonderful 。 04 课 后 作 业 谢 谢 观 看
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