2021版新高考英语一轮复习Unit15Learning同步练习北师大版

2021版新高考英语一轮复习Unit15Learning同步练习北师大版

Unit 15 Learning 一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意 ‎1．spelling n．　　　　　　　 拼写 ‎2．backwards adv. 由后向前地 ‎3．blank adj. 空白的 ‎4．status n. 现状；社会地位 ‎5．chief adj. 最高级别的 ‎6．saying n. 格言，谚语 ‎7．alphabet n. 字母表 ‎8．mild adj. 温和的 ‎9．pace n. 速度，步速 ‎10．drag vt. 拖，拉 ‎11．fellow n. 同伴 ‎12．rank n. 职衔 ‎13．shadow n. 阴影，影子 ‎14．civilisation n. 文明 ‎15．conventional adj. 传统的，保守的 Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．correction n. 改正，改进 ‎2．secure adj. 稳定的；无忧无虑的 ‎3．swell v. 被充满；膨胀，肿胀 ‎4．bury vt. 埋葬 ‎5．distinguish vt. 区别，辨别 ‎6．reputation n. 名誉，名声 ‎7．slight adj. 少量的，微小的 ‎8．obey vt. 服从，听从 ‎9．outstanding adj. 杰出的，优秀的 ‎10．misunderstand v. 误解 ‎11．pour vt. 倒，灌 ‎12．lack vt. 缺乏，没有 33‎ ‎13．acquire vt. 获得，得到 ‎14．unwilling adj. 不情愿的 ‎15．vital adj. 极其重要的 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．suspect v．怀疑→suspicious adj.怀疑的 ‎2．instruct v．指导，教导→instructive adj.有益的；有教育意义的→instruction n．教育，指导 ‎3．punishment n．惩罚，处罚→punish vt.惩罚 ‎4．reflect vt.反映；反射→reflection n．反射；反省；想法 ‎5．select vt.挑选→selection n．选拔；选择 ‎6．access n．(使用或见到的)机会，权利→accessible adj.易到达的；随和的 ‎7．worthwhile adj.值得努力的→worthy adj.值得的→worth adj.值得……的，有价值……的 n．价值 ‎8．ignore vt.忽视，不顾→ignorant adj.不知道的→ignorance n．无知 ‎9．approve v．赞成；认可；满意→approval n．赞成 ‎10．urge vt.力劝，强烈要求→urgent adj.紧急的→urgency n．迫切 ‎11．inspire v．启发；鼓舞→inspiration n．灵感；给予鼓舞(激励)之人/事→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspired adj.受启示的 ‎12．assume vt.假定，假设→assumption n. 假定，假设 ‎13．adapt vt.(使)适应→adaptation n．改造→adaptable adj.能适应的 ‎14．appreciation n．欣赏→appreciate vt.重视；鉴赏；感激 ‎15．simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的；单纯的→simply adv.简单地；仅仅 ‎1.“优秀”人才描绘词 ‎①outstanding　　　　 杰出的 ‎②excellent 优秀的 ‎③splendid 极好的 ‎④firstclass 第一流的 ‎⑤talented/gifted 有才能的 ‎⑥capable 有能力的 ‎⑦intelligent 聪明的 ‎2.“学习过程”词汇集锦 ‎①attend vt.　　　　 参加；上学 33‎ ‎②concentrate vi. 集中(精力)‎ ‎③review vi. 复习功课 ‎④acquire vt. 获得，得到 ‎⑤absorb vt. 吸收；理解 ‎⑥grasp vt. 理解；领会 ‎⑦master vt. 精通；掌握 ‎3.以“ify”结尾的动词荟萃 ‎①simplify　 　 简化 ‎②beautify 美化 ‎③purify 净化 ‎④identify 鉴定；识别出 ‎⑤classify 分类 ‎⑥horrify 使恐惧 ‎⑦terrify 使恐惧，使惊吓 ‎(二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．lay__off　　　　　　　　 裁员；解雇 ‎2．aside__from 除……之外 ‎3．set__off 出发；使爆炸；引发 ‎4．be__accustomed__to 习惯于 ‎5．approve__of 赞成，赞许 ‎6．as__a__whole 总的来说 ‎7．switch__off 关闭 ‎8．to__a__certain__extent 在某种程度上 ‎9．tend__to 倾向于，往往会 ‎10．frankly__speaking 老实说，说实话 ‎11．go__up 上涨，上升 ‎12．go__blank (头脑)变成空白 ‎13．put__forward 提出 ‎14．in__conclusion 最后，总之 ‎15．to__start__with 首先，第一 ‎1.as短语一扫光 ‎①as if/though　　　　 好像 33‎ ‎②as to/for 关于，至于 ‎③as usual 照例，照常 ‎④as follows 如下 ‎⑤as a result 结果 ‎⑥as a whole 总的来说 ‎2.“v.＋forward”短语速记 ‎①move forward　　　 向前移动 ‎②step forward 向前走 ‎③go forward 前行 ‎④put forward 提出 ‎⑤look forward 向前看 ‎⑥keep forward 继续前进 ‎3.“in＋n.”短语集训营 ‎①in advance　　 事先，提前 ‎②in conclusion 最后，总之 ‎③in return 作为回报 ‎④in order 井然有序 ‎⑤in place 在适当的位置 ‎⑥in trouble 在困境中 ‎(三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：be about to do...“正要做……”，通常与when连用 Now I’m about__to__graduate from the School of Continuing Education at Qinghua University with a Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning.　现在我即将从清华大学继续教育学院毕业，获得远程教育的计算机工程学士学位。‎ 句型2：It was (high) time (that) sb. did/should do sth.‎ I decided that it__was__time I became an Internet user.‎ 我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。‎ 句型3：wish后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气 I suppose I was a bit lazy and now I wish__I’d__done more work, especially in maths.　‎ 我想我当时有点懒，现在我真希望当时能多做些努力，特别是在数学方面。‎ 二、语境强化训练 33‎ Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 ‎1．He is a wellrespected teacher and has won a good reputation(名声) for all he has done for the kids.‎ ‎2．(2018·天津卷)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired(激励) scientists to explore the outer space.‎ ‎3．(2019·江苏卷)What’s more, the traditional Chinese dress can’t reflect(反映) the unique culture of our school.‎ ‎4．(2018·浙江卷6月)Eyeing these headwinds, plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume(认为)．‎ ‎5．I will invite some famous professors to give lectures for our students so that we can acquire(获得) a lot of knowledge.‎ ‎6．It is worthwhile(worth) to realise time is precious.‎ ‎7．The student who cheats in the examination will be given a severe punishment(punish)．‎ ‎8．The man was suspected(suspect) of giving away the secret to our enemy.‎ ‎9．If a computer user fails to log off, the system is accessible(access) to all.‎ ‎10．When the examination was coming, she felt nervous, increasingly lacking(lack) in confidence about herself.‎ Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The local villagers were in urgent need of help, so we urged the government to take action at once, for it was a matter of great urgency．(urge)‎ ‎2．It was a simple question, for our teacher always simplified his explanation for us.Some students lost marks simply because they didn’t read the question properly.(simply)‎ ‎3．I couldn’t finish the essay, for I was short of inspiration. When I heard the inspiring music, I became inspired and I was sure that I would finish it soon.(inspire)‎ ‎4．My daughter is very adaptable and I’m sure that she will adapt herself to the new school and now she is seeing a film which is an adaptation from a real person.(adapt)‎ ‎5．It is wrong of you to ignore the traffic rules.In fact, there are still many people who are ignorant of them.It is their ignorance that leads to many 33‎ ‎ accidents.(ignore)‎ Ⅲ.选词成篇 approve of; go up; put forward; be accustomed to; frankly speaking ‎1．Frankly__speaking,__the problem of haze(雾霾) is becoming worse and worse. One of the causes is that the number of the people who drive to work is 2.going__up. Some experts have 3.put__forward the idea that they should go to work by bus or bike. Most drivers 4.approve__of it but they 5.have__been__accustomed__to driving.‎ aside from; tend to; to start with; as a whole; to a certain extent I 6.tend__to imagine what my life would be like in the future although I often go back to the time I have spent.7.To__start__with,__I think my life will be very different in ten years. I will have my own family, probably with a lovely child.8.Aside__from these, I will work in a company, school or government department. I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues. I will be financially independent 9.to__a__certain__extent. 10.As__a__whole,__my life will be much richer and more colorful.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)得知你即将拜访一位中国朋友，并对中国风俗感到困惑，我写信告诉你一些相关细节。‎ Learning that you__are__about__to__pay__a__visit__to__a__Chinese__friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.‎ ‎2．你该回家看看父母了。‎ It is high time that you__went__home__to__see__your__parents．‎ ‎3．我希望明天能与那位明星交流想法。‎ I wish I__could__exchange__ideas__with__the__star．‎ ‎ suspect　v．怀疑，不信任，猜想　n．可疑分子，犯罪嫌疑人 ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 这个人怀疑那天晚上他的邻居偷了他的羊。‎ ‎①The man suspected__his__neighbour__of__stealing__his__sheep that night.‎ ‎②The man suspected__that__his__neighbour__stole__his__sheep that night.‎ 33‎ suspect sb.of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事 suspect sb./sth.to be... 怀疑某人/某物为……‎ suspect that... 怀疑……　 ‎ ‎ distinguish　vi.& vt.辨别；显示……的差别；使……有所不同 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①As far as we all know, Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world. ‎ ‎②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)I can introduce Chinese painting to our distinguished(distinguish) guests efficiently while offering them constructive guidance.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)Because it is__distinguished__for__its__attractive__scenery(以其迷人的风景而闻名), Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.‎ ‎④(高级表达)Distinguished__for__its__attractive__scenery,__Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year. (分词作状语)‎ ‎(1)distinguish between A and B　 区分A和B distinguish...from...　 把……与……区分开来 distinguish oneself (as...) (作为……)而出名 ‎(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的 be distinguished for... 因……而出名 be distinguished as... 作为……而出名 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong. 　读好书不仅可以丰富我们的思想，还可以教我们分清是非。‎ ‎[联想发散] “因……而出名”的其他表达形式：‎ ‎①be__famous__for；②be__wellknown__for ‎ reflect　v．反映，显示；表达；表现；反射；思考，反省 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2019·江苏卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting(reflect) man’s intelligence and creativity.‎ b．(上海卷)Sean’s strong love for his country is__reflected(reflect) in his recently published poems.‎ 33‎ ‎②Usually a child’s behaviour is a reflection(reflect) of his family environment.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③(浙江卷)如果你养成一种思考如何学习的习惯的话，你作为学生的表现肯定很优秀。‎ Your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting__on/upon__how__you__learn．‎ ‎(1)reflect on/upon　 仔细考虑/沉思/反省……‎ ‎(2)reflection n. 反映，表现；倒影，‎ ‎ 影像；思考，反省　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ‎ As the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like eating without digesting.‎ 正如谚语所说“读书不思考犹如吃饭不消化”。‎ ‎[文化佳句] ‎ The word “swimming” can be found in a verse in the “Book of Songs”， Chinese earliest collection of poems, which reflects the practice of the sport in ancient times.‎ ‎“游泳”这个词可以在中国最早的诗集《诗经》的一首诗中找到，这反映出古代已经有了游泳这项运动。‎ ‎ lack　v．缺乏，缺少　n．缺乏；缺少；不足 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(福建卷)More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.‎ ‎②a.Though lacking(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.‎ b．Lacking(lack) such experience will constantly trouble you in your business.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 他们缺乏与他人交流的能力，因此在比赛中失败了。‎ ‎③They lacked__the__skill__to__communicate__with__others,__so they failed in the competition.(lack vt.)‎ ‎④Lacking__the__skill__to__communicate__with__others,__they failed in the competition.(分词作状语)‎ 33‎ ‎(1)lack sth.　　　　　　 缺少某物 ‎(a) lack of... ……的缺少 for lack of... 因缺少……‎ ‎(2)lacking adj. 缺少的；缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少……；……不足 ‎[佳句背诵] One major disadvantage of this area is the lack of public transport.‎ 这个地区的一个主要的不利条件是缺少公共交通。‎ ‎[名师点津] lack既可以作动词也可以作名词。作及物动词时不能用于被动语态，后面直接接宾语；作名词时，后面常用介词of。‎ ‎ access　n．接近；通路；进入(使用)的权利或机会　vt.使用；接近；进入 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2018·江苏卷)Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see.‎ b．(广东卷) This site gives you instant access to a wide range of information on studying and living in the UK.‎ ‎②(2017·北京卷)The magazine makes complex ideas attractive and accessible(access) to children.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎(普通表达)The disabled people get into the building easily as it has no steps.‎ ‎③(高级表达)The building is__easily__accessible__to the disabled people as it has no steps.‎ ‎④(高级表达)The disabled people get__easy__access__to the building as it has no steps. ‎ ‎(1)access to...　 ……的通路；利用……的权利 have/get/obtain access to ‎ 使用/接近……的权利或机会 ‎(2)accessible adj. 可进入的；可使用的 be accessible to 易接近的；能进入的 ‎[佳句背诵] The development of the Belt and Road helps Chinese traders to have access to/be accessible to a broader market.　“一带一路”的发展帮助中国贸易商得以进入更广阔的市场。‎ 33‎ ‎[词块助记] the only access to the village 通往村子的唯一道路 have no access to clean drinking water 喝不到干净的饮用水 access the Internet 访问互联网 ‎ worthwhile　adj.值得努力的 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①It is worth making(make) an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection.‎ ‎②Guilin is a beautiful place. It’s worthwhile going/to__go(go) there. ‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/一句多译 ‎③(天津卷)在家里或者社区里劳动的男孩子们获得了能力，逐渐感觉到他们是对社会有用的成员。‎ Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they__were__worthwhile__members__of__society．‎ ‎④(全国卷Ⅱ)既然你对中国的传统文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日是值得体验的。 ‎ ‎→Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is__worth__experiencing．(worth)‎ ‎→Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is__worthy__to__be__experienced/is__worthy__of__being__experienced．(worthy)‎ ‎→Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think it__is__worthwhile__experiencing/to__experience this festival. (worthwhile)‎ ‎(1)It is worthwhile doing sth./to do sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　 做某事是值得的。‎ ‎(2)worth adj. 值得的，有价值的 be well worth doing ……很值得做 be worth it 值得一做；值得花精力 ‎(3)worthy adj. 值得……的 be worthy of sth./being done/to be done ‎ 值得……/值得做……　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ①We believe the time and hard work involved in completing such an ‎ 33‎ assignment are worthwhile.‎ 我们认为完成这样一项任务所付出的时间与辛苦都是值得的。‎ ‎②It might be worthwhile considering/to consider your attitude to an insurance policy.‎ 考虑一下你对投保的看法也许是值得的。‎ ‎ acquire　vt.获得，得到，取得 ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎①据我所知，她的英语已经学得很好了。‎ As far as I know, she has__acquired__a__good__knowledge__of__English．‎ ‎②这个年轻人在国外学习时，养成了熬夜的习惯。‎ The young man acquired__a__habit__of__staying__up while studying abroad.‎ ‎③只有有耐心圆满完成简单工作的人，才能够轻而易举地完成困难的事。‎ Only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly ever acquire__the__skill__to__do difficult things easily.‎ ‎④为了获得全部信息，我问了许多不同的问题。‎ To__acquire__all__the__information,__I asked many different questions.‎ acquire a knowledge of...　　 学会了……‎ acquire a good reputation 获得好名声 acquire a taste for 开始喜欢上 acquire a habit of 养成……的习惯　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ①It makes invaluable reading for anyone who wants to acquire a greater depth of understanding of the subject.‎ 对于任何想要更深入地了解这门学科的人来说，这本书都是非常宝贵的读物。‎ ‎②You must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of a foreign language.‎ 你必须通过努力来获得外语知识。‎ ‎ urge　vt.催促；极力主张；驱策　n．强烈的欲望；冲动 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I never felt an urge to__learn(learn) any sign language before.‎ ‎②(2018·浙江卷6月)Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of urgency(urge) to do my school work immediately.‎ ‎③He asked to see the manager for something urgent(urge)．‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 33‎ ‎④(江苏卷)人们不仅在网上投票，还敦促他人投票支持诸如“最美丽的老师”和“最萌宝贝”这样的竞赛。‎ People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge__others__to__vote__for competitions like “The Most Beautiful Teacher” and “The Cutest Baby”．‎ ‎(1)urge sb. to do/into doing sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　 催促某人做某事 urge that...(should) do sth.‎ ‎ 极力主张/强调……做某事 ‎(2)feel an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事 ‎(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；迫切的 urgency n. 紧迫；急迫；急事 ‎[佳句背诵] In order to improve learning efficiency, I urge that all of us (should) form the habit of thinking independently and going over lessons in time.‎ 为了提高学习效率，我主张大家养成独立思考、及时复习功课的习惯。‎ ‎ inspire　v．启发；鼓舞；感动；激发 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·江苏卷)Norphel’s inspiration(inspire) came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. ‎ ‎②The beauty of the West Lake inspired a lot of poets to__write(write) their great poetry.‎ ‎③The speaker showed up an inspiring(inspire) story of love and determination that day.‎ ‎④When they listened to the speech by the armless pianist, they all felt inspired(inspire)．‎ ‎⑤Inspired by the Chinese women’s volleyball team, the boy works harder than before.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎⑥我感谢那些鼓励我前进并给予我支持的人。‎ My thanks should go to those inspiring__me__to__go__ahead and giving me support as well.‎ ‎(1)inspire sb.to do sth.　 鼓励某人做某事 33‎ ‎(2)inspiration n. 灵感 ‎(3)inspired adj. 受……影响的 inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，激励人的　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] ①Cathy has inspired us with her will and enthusiasm.‎ 凯茜用她的意志力和热情激励了我们。(天津卷)‎ ‎②The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.‎ 在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。(2017·北京卷)‎ ‎ assume　v．假设，假定；认为；承担 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Where unemployment and crime rates are high, it can be__assumed(assume) that the latter is due to the former. ‎ ‎②(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the assumption(assume) you’ve made.‎ ‎[能力提升]——词汇升级 ‎③(普通表达)If I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.‎ ‎(高级表达)Assuming__(that) I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.‎ ‎(1)assume that...　　　 假定，认为……‎ assume...to be... 认为……是……；‎ ‎ 假定……是……‎ ‎(2)assuming (that) 假定……(作状语) ‎ ‎(3)assumption n. 假定；假设　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. ‎ 普遍认为，压力是工作过重所致。‎ ‎[词块助记]‎ assume the worst　　　　 做最坏的假设 assume responsibility 承担责任 ‎ adapt　v．(使)适应；改编 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.The movie that had been adapted for children was adapted from a novel. ‎ b．(江西卷)To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourselves to the new 33‎ ‎ environment is the first thing that you have to face.‎ ‎②a.I hold the firm belief that she will deal with the changes very well, because she is very adaptable(adapt)．‎ b．Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation(adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)The culture made__it__difficult__for__him__to__adapt__to(使得他很难适应) the new environment abroad. ‎ ‎④(高级表达)It__was__the__culture__that__made__it__difficult__for__him__to__adapt__to__the__new__environment__abroad.(强调句)‎ ‎(1)adapt to　　　　　 适应 adapt oneself to(＝adjust oneself to)‎ ‎ 使自己适应……‎ ‎(2)adapt...from... 根据……改编……‎ adapt...for... 改编……为……用 ‎(3)adaptable adj. 有适应能力的；可修改的 adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本　 ‎ ‎[名师点津]‎ 比较adapt和adopt apt适当的→adapt[根义](使)适合→[多义]①使适应 ‎②改编，改写 opt选择→adopt[根义]选取→[多义]①采用 ‎②收养，领养 ‎ lay off　裁员；解雇；停止 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①It’s time to lay aside our differences and work together for a shared purpose.‎ ‎②The meeting has begun.Please lay down your pens and listen to the speaker carefully.‎ ‎③The girl managed to persuade her father to lay off smoking(smoke) in the end.‎ 33‎ lay off sth.　　　　　　 停止使用某物 lay off doing sth. 停止做某事 lay down 放下；中断(工作)‎ lay aside 把……放在一边；储存(某物)待用　 ‎ ‎ aside from　除……之外(还有)‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Aside/Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. ‎ ‎②In addition to making(make) art, he sold it, not only dealing his own work but that of other artists.‎ ‎③He often goes to see his parents except when he is very busy.‎ ‎④It’s too expensive. Besides,__I don’t like its colour.‎ ‎⑤She can speak French and Japanese in addition to English.‎ ‎⑥The girl said that the film was very good except for its music.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎⑦除了最后一题外，所有题目我都可以解答。‎ I can answer all the questions except__the__last__one. ‎ ‎⑧除了几处语法错误外，你的作文写得很好。‎ Your writing is good except__for__a__few__grammar__mistakes. ‎ aside from相当于apart from，类似意义的表达方式还有：‎ ‎(1)除……之外(还有)‎ ‎(2) 除……之外(没有)　 ‎ ‎[名师点津] ‎ ‎(1)in addition to除……之外(还有)，是介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语；in addition另外，是副词短语，后面常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。‎ ‎(2)except for表示“除……之外(没有)”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。它同except的区别是：except for后接的词同句子中的整体词(主语)不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节，一个方面；而except后接的词同整体词(主语)一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。‎ ‎ set off　动身，出发；启程；引爆(炸弹等)；燃放(烟火等)；引发 ‎[一词多义]——写出下列句中set off的含义 ‎①(安徽卷)Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.出发 33‎ ‎②Do be careful with the fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.使爆炸 ‎③His rude reply set off a bad feeling of me and I left without saying anything.引起 ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④(福建卷)你最好每天抽出一些时间运动，以便能够保持精力充沛。‎ You had better set__aside__some__time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.‎ set out for sp.　　　　　　　 出发去某地 set out to do sth.＝set about doing sth.‎ ‎ 开始做某事 set aside 存储；留出 set up 建立；创立 set down 放下；记下；登记　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set about preparing/set out to prepare your business plan.　有这些你收集的信息，你可以着手准备你的商业计划了。(浙江卷)‎ ‎ be/get accustomed to　习惯于，有……习惯 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.‎ ‎②For those accustomed(accustom) to a comfortable life, the change to remote areas must have been very hard indeed.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 这位老人习惯于住在农村，他发现很难适应城市的生活。‎ ‎③The old man is__accustomed__to__living__in__the__countryside,__and he finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.‎ ‎④Accustomed__to__living__in__the__countryside,__the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city. (分词作状语)‎ ‎⑤Having__accustomed__himself__to__living__in__the__countryside,__the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.(分词作状语)‎ ‎(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　 习惯于(做)某事(表示状态)‎ 33‎ get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.‎ ‎ 习惯于(做)某事(表示动作)‎ ‎(2)accustom vt. 　 使习惯于 accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth. ‎ ‎ 使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事　 ‎ ‎[佳句背诵] He quickly accustomed himself to the strong academic atmosphere and colorful activities in the college. 　他很快适应了大学里的浓厚的学术氛围和丰富多彩的活动。‎ ‎[联想发散] to 为介词的短语：‎ ‎①be__addicted__to；②get__used__to；③get__accustomed__to ‎ It was (high) time (that) sb. did/should do sth.‎ ‎(教材P36)I decided that it was time I became an Internet user.‎ 我觉得该是我成为因特网用户的时候了。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ‎①a.(2018·天津卷)It is the first time that such a large robotics competition has__been__held(hold) in our city.‎ b．He told us that it was the first time that he had__come(come) late for such an important meeting.‎ ‎②我第一次离开祖国去美国，不能很快适应新的环境。‎ I couldn’t adjust to the new surroundings quickly the__first__time__I__left__my__motherland__for__America．‎ ‎ [能力提升]——一句多译 是我们该投身于环境保护和生态发展的时候了。‎ ‎③It’s__time__for__us__to__devote__ourselves__to environmental protection and ecological improvement.(简单句)‎ ‎④It’s__high__time__that__we__devoted/should__devote__ourselves__to environmental protection and ecological improvement.(复合句)‎ ‎(1)It is (high) time that sb.did/should do sth.‎ 到了某人该做某事的时候了 ‎(2)It is time for sth.到了做某事的时间了 It is time (for sb.) to do sth.‎ 到了(某人)做某事的时候了 33‎ ‎(3)It/This/That is/was the＋...time＋(that)从句，意思是“这是第……次做某事”，其中that引导定语从句，在口语中常省略。主句使用is，定语从句使用现在完成时；主句用was，定语从句用过去完成时。‎ ‎(4)the first time＋从句表示“第一次……”(引导时间状语从句)。　‎ ‎[佳句背诵] It is ten years since he got away from his hometown. And this is the first time (that) he has returned to his hometown. ‎ 他离开家乡已有十年， 这是他第一次回乡。‎ ‎ wish后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气 ‎(教材P40)I suppose I was a bit lazy and now I wish I’d done more work, especially in maths.　我想我当时有点懒，现在我真希望当时能多做些努力，特别是在数学方面。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·江苏卷)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had(have) a second chance to become more involved.‎ ‎②(天津卷)I wish I had__been(have) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.‎ ‎③(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I wish to__have(have) a chain of cafes in many different cities.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④我真希望在将来我能有更好的学习机会。‎ I wish that I would__have__a__better__chance to learn in the future.‎ wish后跟宾语从句时，从句一般使用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语形式如下：‎ ‎(1)did/were(表示与现在事实相反的愿望)‎ ‎(2)had done/been(表示与过去事实相反的愿望)‎ ‎(3)would/could/might＋动词原形(表示与将来事实相反的愿望)‎ ‎[名师点津] wish还可用于以下结构：wish to do sth.希望做某事；wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事；wish for sth.希望得到某物；wish sb.＋n./adj. 祝愿某人……‎ 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．(2018·江苏卷)Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive(instruct) research about restaurants.‎ ‎2．(2018·北京卷)Ordinary soap, used correctly(correct), can deal with bacteria 33‎ ‎ effectively.‎ ‎3．What can we do to urge the lazy children to__work(work) hard at school?‎ ‎4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Students should read the list with their parents, and select(selection) two activities they would like to do.‎ ‎5．It was the first time that I had__visited(visit) a city far away from my hometown.‎ 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词 ‎1．He loves the security of a happy home life.‎ ‎2．The film adapted from a real person is very popular with young people.‎ ‎3．I should say your secretary is lacking in responsibility.‎ ‎4．Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.‎ ‎5．Aside from that I had to pay for a lot of gas and other things, like a phone bill and food.‎ 维度三　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be careful not to go to extremes.强烈的欲望；冲动 ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.可进入的，可使用的 ‎3．Tom, the top student of our class, thinks studying is a very worthwhile work.值得做的 ‎4．(2019·天津卷)There was not one night that I don’t remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside.I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.鼓舞；启发 ‎5．He is too young to distinguish between right and wrong, and needs your guidance.辨别；区分 ‎6．To all of you, fresh students, how to adapt yourselves to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face.适应 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)‎ After graduation from college, he selected 1.to__teach(teach) in a school in the countryside which was lacking in teaching facilities. He wished more children 33‎ ‎ could have access 2.to education. From Monday to Friday, he 3.was__buried(bury) in teaching, 4.reflecting(reflect) on how to teach them well. He was always inspired at weekends when 5.urging(urge) parents to send their children to school in person. One day, he found 6.it worthwhile to create a webpage to link those with many books to his students. The plan he put forward got the 7.approval(approve) of the school. It is high time 8.that he set up the webpage for his students. He has acquired a good reputation for his hard work. In other 9.words(word), he is a teacher worthy to 10.be__respected(respect)．‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)‎ ‎①升入大学后，我要做些改变以尽快适应新环境。‎ After I enter college, I must make__some__changes__to__get__accustomed__to the new environment as__soon__as__possible．‎ ‎②我希望在学习方法方面得到老师们的指导；我会遵守学校的制度，埋头学习。‎ I expect that the teachers will instruct__me__in__my__way__of__learning. I will obey__the__rules and I will be__buried__in__studying__my__lessons．‎ ‎③我会经常在课堂上提出自己的见解。‎ I will often put__forward__my__suggestions in class.‎ ‎④我要做个好学生，希望将来取得杰出的成就。‎ I will be an excellent student in__order__to__get__outstanding__achievements．‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑤用省略句升级句①‎ After__entering__college,__I__must__make__some__changes__to__get__accustomed__to__the__new__environment__as__soon__as__possible.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：and, in conclusion)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ After entering college, I must make some changes to get accustomed to the new environment as soon as possible and I expect that the teachers will instruct me in ‎ 33‎ my way of learning. I will obey the rules and I will be buried in studying my lessons. I will often put forward my suggestions in class. In conclusion, I will be an excellent student in order to get outstanding achievements.‎ 课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·辽宁五校模拟)While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New Zealand. They became the world’s first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher. Before you start imagining a humanlike robot walking around the classroom, Will is just an avatar(化身) that appears on the students’ desktops, or smartphone screens, when ordered to come.‎ The autonomous animation(动画制作) platform has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show humanlike behavior. The digital teacher is assigned to teach “Be sustainable with energy”—a free program for Auckland elementary schools.‎ Just like the humans it replaced, Will is able to instantly react to the students’ responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids may have, but also picks up nonverbal cues(暗示). For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he responds by smiling back. This twoway interaction not only helps attract the students’ attention, but also allows the program’s developers to monitor their involvement, and make changes if needed.‎ Nikhil Ravishankar believes that Willlike avatars could be a novel way to catch the attention of the next generation. He says, “I have a lot of hope in this technology as a means to deliver costeffective, rich, educational experience in the future.”‎ The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great success thus far. Ravishankar says, “What was fascinating to me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention.” However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.‎ ‎【解题导语】　新西兰奥克兰的一些小学生成为世界上第一批由数字化老师“教”‎ 33‎ 的孩子。数字化老师Will能和学生积极互动，吸引学生的注意力。‎ ‎1．What was special for some elementary school students in Auckland?‎ A．A digital teacher taught them.‎ B．They first saw something digital.‎ C．This was the start of a new school year.‎ D．They could get close to smartphone screens.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“They became the world’s first kids to be ‘taught’ by a digital teacher.”可知，他们成为世界上第一批由数字化老师“教”的孩子。由此可知，对奥克兰的一些小学生来说其特别之处在于有一位数字化老师“教”他们。故选A。‎ ‎2．What is the benefit of this twoway interaction?‎ A．It can smile back.‎ B．It can use a microphone.‎ C．It can talk any topic for free.‎ D．It can change if necessary.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“This twoway interaction not only helps attract the students’ attention... and make changes if needed.”可知，这种双向的互动不仅有助于吸引学生的注意力，还允许该程序的开发人员监视他们的参与度，并在需要时做出改变。由此可知，这种双向互动的好处就在于其可以在必要的情况下适时进行改变。故选D。‎ ‎3．What’s the author’s attitude to Will’s replacing human educators soon?‎ A．Optimistic.　　　　　　　 B．Doubtful.‎ C．Unclear. D．Disapproving.‎ D　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.”可知，作者认为无论它变得多么受欢迎，Will都不太可能在短期内取代人类教育工作者。由此可推知，D项符合题意。‎ ‎4．What might be the best title for the passage?‎ A．New Hightech Contributes to Education B．The World’s First Digital Teacher Appears in the Classroom C．The World’s First Digital Teacher, a Help to Students D．New Zealand Will Replace Teachers in the Classroom B　解析：标题归纳题。本文为新闻报道类文章，第一段交代了文章的中心，即世界上第一个数字化老师走进课堂“教”孩子们，然后文章后面的段落围绕这个中心，‎ 33‎ 交代了具体的上课内容、交流方式及对这种授课方式的看法。故B项最适合作本文标题。‎ B ‎(2020·惠州第二次调研)I realized something this morning. I have been writing now for 34 years. It all started when I was just 18 years old. As a boy I had read literally hundreds of books. I had a thirst for knowledge that seemingly could never fade. Then suddenly I found I had something I wanted to share. I tried to ignore it, but as any writer tells you once the ideas awaken inside of you they won’t leave you alone until you write them down. I didn’t have a computer, word processor, or even a typewriter. Still, I grabbed a pen and lined notebook paper and wrote everything that was burning inside of me.‎ When I was done I didn’t know how to share it. There was no Internet back then, no smart phones, and no social media. I sought out the editor of my local county newspaper and asked him to print what I had written. He was a good man full of both wisdom and kindness. He not only printed my first story but agreed to publish anything else I was willing to write. I continued to write new articles each week and shared them first with other local papers and later online as well. Years later at the urging of my readers I even selfpublished two collections of my stories in book form.‎ Through my writing I slowly became more than I was. In my writings I encountered my highest self. In my writings I discovered the goodness and light that lie in us all. In my writings I found great love and joy and encouraged others to choose love and joy as well. I also found that we all are writers whether we put pen to paper or not. With every choice we make, with every thought we hold, and with everything we do, we are writing our own life story.‎ Lance Wubbels once wrote：“I hope you realize your life is truly your life. It belongs to you. It is your story to write with love. Day by day, line by line, write it well.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己从热爱阅读到成为一名作家的经历。从这个过程中，作者认识到了写作的意义，并感悟到人生就像写作，每个人都要用心书写自己的人生故事。‎ ‎5．As a boy, when the author found he had something to share, ________．‎ A．he wrote it down B．he ignored it C．he shared it on social media 33‎ D．he told it to a writer A　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Then suddenly I found I had something I wanted to share. I tried to ignore it...wrote everything that was burning inside of me.”可知，作者一开始想忽略内心的想法，但是后来还是写了下来。故选A。‎ ‎6．How did the author begin his writing career?‎ A．He was hired as a newspaper editor.‎ B．He put his stories online by himself.‎ C．He selfpublished two books.‎ D．He was helped by a local newspaper editor.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I sought out the editor of my local county newspaper and asked him to print what I had written.” 及“He not only printed my first story but agreed to publish anything else I was willing to write.”可知，作者是在当地报纸的一位编辑的帮助下开始了自己的写作事业。故选D。‎ ‎7．What does the author think of writing?‎ A．Writing takes practice and efforts.‎ B．Writing can benefit oneself and others.‎ C．Writing helps people tell right from wrong.‎ D．Only with a pen can one write his life story.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In my writings I encountered my highest self. In my writings I discovered the goodness and light that lie in us all. In my writings I found great love and joy and encouraged others to choose love and joy as well.”可知，作者在自己的作品中，遇到了最好的自己，发现了所有的人身上都有的善良和光明，还找到了伟大的爱和欢乐，并鼓励别人也选择爱和欢乐。由此可推知，作者认为写作利己利人。故选B。‎ ‎8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．A Way to Be a Writer B．A Way to Share Ideas C．Living Is Writing D．Writing Is the Source of Love C　解析：标题归纳题。从全文的内容可知，作者讲述了自己从热爱阅读到成为一名作家的经历；再结合最后一段，作者引用了Lance Wubbels的名言表达自己对写作的感悟可知，从这个过程中，作者认识到写作的意义，并感悟到人生就像写作，每个人都要用心书写自己的人生故事。故选C。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 33‎ ‎(2020·洛阳、许昌质检)My least favorite part was participating in sport meets, for I loved running by myself. When faced with running against fellow athletes, I was __1__. I had butterflies in my stomach and the sudden urge to go to the nearest __2__. This year, __3__， I was encouraged to join in a running competition by my coach.‎ The 800－meter event was approaching, meaning that I would __4__ soon. I breathed deeply and tried to __5__ my worries. I walked over to some of the __6__ who would run with me and started to __7__ with them. We were all loosening up and getting ready to run as __8__ as possible.‎ I stepped up to the line for the event. The starter raised his starting gun and __9__. About twentyfive runners __10__. With these runners around me, I __11__ my coach’s words, “You may be small, but you have __12__ power.” So, I kept up with athletes twice my __13__. I picked up the runner in seventh place and based my steps on him, making it a little bit faster. One by one, I __14__ to make it to the top four, bursting around the lap.‎ It was the last lap before the final straightaway. I __15__ I had the possibility to win. So I widened my steps, speeding up my __16__. I caught up with the runner in first place and we ran side by side down the last 100 meters—I __17__ him by a hair at the finishing line.‎ My coach gave me a __18__ hug as I headed back to see him. He was __19__ because I had shortened my original __20__ by twelve seconds at least.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”以前喜欢一个人跑步，最不爱参加运动会，但是今年“我”努力尝试，参加了跑步比赛。‎ ‎1．A.shocked B．nervous C．comfortable D．brave B　解析：根据上文中的“for I loved running by myself”以及空后的“I had butterflies in my stomach”可知，当“我”与运动员同伴赛跑时，“我”很紧张。‎ ‎2．A.stadium B．hospital C．bathroom D．station C　解析：根据该句中的“I had butterflies in my stomach”并结合选项和常识可推知，“我”和其他人一起跑步很紧张，会突然急切地想去最近的洗手间。‎ ‎3．A.however B．instead C．otherwise D．moreover A　解析：空处所在句表示今年教练鼓励“我”去参加跑步比赛，与上文内容形成转折，‎ 33‎ 所以用however“然而”。‎ ‎4．A.delay B．fail C．escape D．compete D　解析：根据空前的“The 800meter event was approaching”可知，“我”很快将参加800米比赛。‎ ‎5．A.ignore B．increase C．form D．imagine A　解析：根据语境可知，“我”深呼吸并试图忽略自己的担忧。‎ ‎6．A.reporters B．judges C．runners D．coaches C　解析：根据语境和空后的“who would run with me”可知，“我”走向一些将和“我”一起跑步的跑步者，开始和他们一起热身(warm up)。‎ ‎7．A.watch out B．turn back C．get away D．warm up D　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎8．A.smoothly B．rapidly C．calmly D．patiently B　解析：根据空前的“We were all...to run”并结合常识可知，“我们”都准备好尽可能快地奔跑。‎ ‎9．A.returned B．withdrew C．screamed D．fired D　解析：根据语境可知，发令员举起发令枪并开枪(示意起跑)。‎ ‎10．A.took off B．set down C．looked on D．went about A　解析：根据上文可知，发令员开枪示意起跑，大约25名赛跑者出发。‎ ‎11．A.challenged B．recalled C．forgot D．adapted B　解析：根据语境可知，被这些赛跑者包围，“我”想起了教练的话。‎ ‎12．A.exact B．great C．practical D．suitable B　解析：根据空前的“You may be small” “but”并结合语境可知，此处表示你或许弱小，但你拥有巨大的力量。‎ ‎13．A.pressure B．salary C．size D．age 33‎ C　解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，“我”与两倍于自己体格的运动员齐头并进。‎ ‎14．A.offered B．pretended C．regretted D．managed D　解析：根据空后的“make it to the top four”可知，“我”设法跑进了前四。‎ ‎15．A.claimed B．heard C．supposed D．remembered C　解析：根据上文中的“the last lap”可知，“我”认为自己有获胜的可能。‎ ‎16．A.speech B．mind C．fight D．pace D　解析：根据空前的“So I widened my steps”可知，“我”跨大步子，加快了速度。‎ ‎17．A.beat B．pushed C．dragged D．followed A　解析：根据语境可知，“我”追上了第一名，并和他肩并肩跑完了最后的100米，在终点线以微弱的优势赢了他。‎ ‎18．A.soft B．cautious C．firm D．slight C　解析：根据上文内容可知，“我”在赛跑中取得了第一名，当“我”回去看教练时，教练给了“我”一个坚实的拥抱。‎ ‎19．A.excited B．disappointed C．relaxed D．depressed A　解析：根据语境可知，教练很兴奋，因为“我”比自己原先的(跑步)时间(time)至少缩短了12秒。‎ ‎20．A.distance B．time C．lap D．step B　解析：参见上题解析。‎ 课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇读后续写 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·佛山高三质检)While an entire month free of homework or tests may sound too good to be true, that is exactly what the students at Sturenskolan School in Boden, Sweden were treated to in April. What’s more, if the results of the experiment prove encouraging, starting 2019, the middle schoolers will never have to worry about afterschool work or tests, aside from the national examinations, which are compulsive for students 33‎ ‎ across the country.‎ The school’s principal, Petronella Sirkka, who came up with the idea, said, “We are constantly receiving new reports that our children feel bad. And that’s because they have a high level of stress all the time. This is our way of trying to reduce that stress.”‎ The educator says that while banning homework and tests sounds radical(激进的), it makes sense given the changes in the curriculum and approaches to education. While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, especially those with little support at home, to comprehend the material by themselves.‎ Sirkka is not the only one who believes afterschool work does not help students learn. In March 2018, another principal in Canada also decided to do away with homework. They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids.‎ While the longterm impact of the recent decisions made by the two educators remains to be seen, the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years. Yet, Finnish students always rank high in the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests especially in math and science but they have the least homework! Hopefully, it will only be a matter of time before US educators follow their lead and ban afterschool work as well!‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。瑞典一所学校在四月份取消了学生的家庭作业和考试，这是该校校长Petronella Sirkka看到学生作业负担太重而提出的举措，且芬兰采取的类似做法已获成功。‎ ‎1．The students at Sturenskolan School had no homework in April because ________．‎ A．the headmaster was experimenting with her idea B．they needed to do some experiments during the month C．they were busy preparing for the national examinations D．the headmaster had to carry out the government’s policy A　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The school’s principal, Petronella Sirkka, who came up with the idea”，并结合第一段的内容可知，Sturenskolan学校的学生们在四月份没有家庭作业和考试是该校校长提出的想法，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．What makes children’s learning hard nowadays?‎ 33‎ A．Children have to do more analyzing.‎ B．The approach to education is complex.‎ C．Children get no support at home and school.‎ D．There are many more facts to memorize.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, especially those with little support at home, to comprehend the material by themselves.”可知，在过去，学生主要是被要求记住事实，而如今学生需要的是反思和分析。因此，孩子们往往很难自己理解这些材料。据此可知，反思和分析让孩子们的学习更加困难。故A项正确。‎ ‎3．What does Petronella Sirkka most likely advise parents to do?‎ A．Help children with their homework.‎ B．Free children from afterschool housework.‎ C．Spend more time reading to their children.‎ D．Communicate with teachers from time to time.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段尾句“They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids.”可推知，Petronella Sirkka很可能会建议父母花些时间为他们的孩子们阅读，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．What can we infer about the students in Finland?‎ A．They study the hardest at school.‎ B．They have a more relaxing school life.‎ C．They enjoy great success after graduation.‎ D．They all have a talent for math and science.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据尾段第一句中的“the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years”可知，多年来，芬兰已经取消了家庭作业、成绩等级，甚至科目教学。据此可推知，芬兰学生的学校生活更加轻松，故B项正确。‎ B ‎(2020·陕西部分学校摸底)A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.‎ Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation—for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel(红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.‎ 33‎ When the 65yearold first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding(人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds’ nests and hatching them under incubators(孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.‎ A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.‎ Prof. Jones was awarded the $250，000 prize at a ceremony in London.‎ ‎“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn’t enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.‎ Prof. Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.‎ ‎【解题导语】　卡尔·琼斯教授因偷稀缺鸟类的蛋而被指责，后来在动物保护领域被授予诺贝尔奖，他用自己的方法挽救了九种濒危物种。‎ ‎5．What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Return. B．Level.‎ C．Honor. D．Research.‎ C　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并结合语境可推知，画线词意为“荣誉”。故选C项。‎ ‎6．According to the passage, Great Auk is ________．‎ A．an endangered bird B．an extinct bird C．a popular bird D．a fierce bird B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he saved an endangered kestrel(红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk”可推知，Great Auk是一种已灭绝的鸟。故选B项。‎ ‎7．What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.‎ B．The wild environment for kestrel has changed a lot.‎ 33‎ C．Kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.‎ D．It’s difficult to protect kestrel.‎ A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.”可知，当时野生毛里求斯红隼只剩4只，琼斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法来救助毛里求斯红隼，10年后，毛里求斯红隼的数量飙升到300多只，如今野生红隼约有400只。由此可推知，从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋的方法效果很好。故选A项。‎ ‎8．Prof. Jones’ idea of taking eggs from the birds’ nests________.‎ A．was proved of no use B．was widely accepted C．was promoted officially D．was criticized by some people D　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“dead loss” “In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques...in the wild.”可知，琼斯教授从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋来进行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批评。故选D项。‎ Ⅱ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。‎ A tornado(龙卷风) hit a small town nearby, leaving many families completely destroyed. Afterward all the local newspapers carried many human interest stories featuring some of the families who suffered the most difficult period to appeal to people’s attention and assistance.‎ One Sunday, a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of a simple mobile home, a depressed expression on her face. A young boy, seven or eight years old, stood at her side, eyes downcast. Hiding behind her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera, wide eyes with confusion and fear. The article that went with the picture gave the clothing size of each family member. With growing interest, I noticed that sizes of the family closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my sevenyearold twins, Brad and Brett, and threeyearold Meghan to help those less fortunate than themselves.‎ ‎“We have so much. And these poor people now have nothing，” I said. “We’ll share what we have with them.” I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them on the living room floor. Meghan watched seriously, as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods. While I sorted through 33‎ ‎ our clothes, I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. The boys were pleased to join. Brad rose and went to his room fast. He came back bringing his action figures that he played with not so frequently. Brett also jumped up and ran to fetch some of his Matchbox cars and airplane models. Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up abandoned toys.‎ The boys placed the objects they had chosen to donate into one of the boxes while I filled the third box with clothes. Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, faded, bestloved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. “I’ll help you find something for the little girl, too，” I said to the little Meghan.‎ Paragraph 1：‎ ‎“Mommy, I will give Lucy to them，” Meghan turned to me._______________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Paragraph 2：‎ Recognizing what little Meghan’s gesture meant, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes.________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Paragraph 1：‎ ‎“Mommy, I will give Lucy to them，” Meghan turned to me. “Oh, honey，” I said. “You don’t have to give Lucy. You love her so much.” Meghan nodded seriously, eyes glistening with tears. “Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she’ll make that little girl happy, too.” She paused in front of the box that held the toys, pressed her round little face into Lucy’s flat face, gave her a final kiss, then laid her gently on top of the other toys. The boys watched, openmouthed, as their baby sister 33‎ ‎ placed her favorite doll in the box.‎ Paragraph 2：‎ Recognizing what little Meghan’s gesture meant, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes. I replaced it with the new hunter green jacket that I had bought on sale last week. I believed the young woman in the picture would like it and fit it as much as I did. The boys had also been inspired by our behavior and carried their beloved things. We all wished the family could pass the difficult period as soon as possible and that they would love the things we gave them with all our heart.‎ 33‎