【英语】人教版新课标高考英语第一轮复习教案----必考词汇6

【英语】人教版新课标高考英语第一轮复习教案----必考词汇6

考点解读 ‎1. demand的搭配及其后接从句时的用法 ‎2. depend的重要含义 ‎3. devote后的介词to及devoted的用法 ‎1. defence n. 防御，保卫；辩护 in defence of… 保卫；为……辩护 ‎【联想】‎ ‎ defend vt. 防御，保卫；辩护 ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) They fight in defence of their country. ‎ ‎= They fight to defend their country. 他们为保卫祖国而战。‎ ‎2) She spoke in defence of her religious beliefs. ‎ ‎=She spoke to defend her religious beliefs. 她为其宗教信仰辩护。‎ 状元典例 她在法庭上成功地为自己作了辩护。‎ She _____________ ____________successfully in court.‎ 答案：defended herself ‎2. delight v. & n. 使快乐；快乐 ‎【联想】‎ delighted adj. 欣喜的；高兴的 ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) To our great delight, the day turned out fine. 我们感到高兴的是天气转晴了。‎ ‎2) He delights in teasing his younger sister. 他以戏弄他妹妹为乐。‎ ‎3) I'm delighted at your success/to hear of your success/that you succeeded. ‎ 我对你的成功/ 听到你成功的消息/对你已获成功感到很高兴。‎ 状元典例 ‎________ at the sensation he was creating, Tom kept on jumping like crazy.‎ ‎ A. Delighted B. Delighting C. To be delighted D. Delight 答案：A 思路分析：句意：对自己制造的轰动感到很高兴，汤姆在疯狂地不停地跳。 be delighted at对……感到高兴。‎ ‎3. deliver v. 递送，发表；接生（小孩）‎ ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) Newspapers are delivered every day.  报纸每天都送来。‎ ‎2) The doctor delivered her baby.   医生给她接生。‎ ‎3) She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生了一个健康的男孩。‎ 状元典例 ‎ At the opening ceremony, the chairman ______a speech to welcome the guests from more than twenty countries.‎ ‎ A. delivered B. spoke C. said D. stated 答案：A 思路分析：句意：在开幕式上，大会主席作报告欢迎来自20多个国家的宾客。deliver：(使)发表，讲，例：deliver a speech; deliver oneself of an opinion。spoke ：只有当“讲……语言”时才接宾语。said和 stated均表示说或陈述的内容，依句意选A。‎ ‎4. demand v. & n. 要求 ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) It is impossible to satisfy all your demands. 满足你所有的要求是不可能的。‎ ‎2) The workers are demanding better pay. 工人要求提高工资。‎ ‎3) He demands that he be told everything. ‎ ‎=He demands to be told everything.他要求将一切都告诉他。‎ 状元典例 ‎______in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. ‎ A. What's required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 答案：C 思路分析：句意：规则要求你不应该把你的邮件账户的密码告诉他人。 此句中it作形式主语，代替后面的that从句，而且that从句内容与require构成被动关系，故C项正确。‎ ‎5. deny v. 否认；拒绝 ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) He denied knowing anything about it. 他否认知道此事。‎ ‎2) No one can deny the fact that fire burns.   无人能否认火能燃烧的事实。‎ ‎3) She denied this to be the case. 她不承认情况是这样。‎ 状元典例 American women were _____ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.‎ A. ignored B. refused C. neglected D. denied ‎ 答案：D 思路分析：句意：美国妇女经过多年的艰苦斗争直到1920年才有了选举权。deny：否认；不给予。ignore忽视；refuse 拒绝; neglect 忽视。‎ ‎6. depend vi. 依赖, 依靠, 取决于 ‎【例句】‎ That depends. /It all depends.那得看情况。‎ depend on 根据，按照 ‎ ‎【联想】‎ ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 儿童靠父母供给衣食。‎ ‎2) A lot will depend on how she responds to the challenge. ‎ 在很大程度上将取决于她对这一难题的反应。‎ ‎3) Find a job and end your dependence on your parents.   ‎ 找个工作，别再依赖你的父母了。‎ 状元典例 ‎—How long are you staying? ‎ ‎—I don't know._______. ‎ A. That's OK B. Never mind C. It depends D. It doesn't matter ‎ 答案：C 思路分析：句意：—你要呆多久？—我不知道，看情况吧。C:看情况。A: ‎ 好吧。B:没关系。D：没关系。‎ ‎7. deposit v. & n.(把钱)存入银行, 放; 存款，定金 ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) He deposited the papers with his lawyer. 他把文件交给律师保管。‎ ‎2) He deposits a sum of money in the bank each month.   ‎ 他每月在银行存一笔钱。‎ 状元典例 Their values _____ in the hotel safe, the young couple went window-shopping.‎ ‎ A. depositing B. deposited C. to deposit D. having deposited ‎ 答案：B 思路分析：句意：把贵重东西存到旅馆的保险柜后，这对年轻夫妇就出去买东西了。考查独立主格作时间状语，values与deposit之间是被动关系，因此答案为B。‎ ‎8. description n. 叙述; 描写; 说明 ‎ ‎ ‎【联想】‎ describe vt. 描述 ‎ ‎【例句】‎ The police asked me to describe exactly how it happened. ‎ ‎= The police asked me to give an exact description of how it happened. ‎ 警察让我描述一下发生的事。‎ 状元典例 ‎—Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?‎ ‎ —Because the old one has been damaged ______. ‎ ‎ A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description 答案：B 思路分析：句意：—你为什么建议我们买一台新的机器? —因为那台旧机器已经彻底坏了。beyond reach够不着；beyond repair无法修理；beyond control无法控制；beyond description无法形容，难以描绘。‎ ‎9. design n. & vt. 设计,绘制,制图; 图谋；构思 ‎ ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) His parents designed him for the army, but he preferred the navy.‎ 他父母打算要他当陆军，但是他却喜欢当海军。‎ ‎2) Can anyone design a better timetable? 有人能定出更好的时间表吗?‎ 状元典例 实验的目的是试验新药。 ‎ The experiment __________test the new drug.‎ 答案：is designed to ‎10. determine v. 决定，决心 determine a date for a meeting 确定会议日期 ‎【联想】‎ determined adj. 已下决心的, 果断的,决然的,坚定的 ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) The amount of rainfall determines the size of the crop.‎ 降雨量决定着收成的好坏。‎ ‎2) Her encouragement determined me to carry on with the work.‎ 她的鼓励使我决心把这项工作继续下去。‎ ‎3) He is determined to leave here. 他决定离开这里。‎ 状元典例 He stays up too late every night, _______ to catch up with his classmates. ‎ A. determined B. being determined C. to determine D. determine ‎ 答案：A 思路分析：句意：他每天都熬夜，下定决心要赶上他的同学们。determined用作形容词，构成短语be determined to do sth.：决心做某事。‎ ‎11. devote v. 致力于，献身于 ‎【派】devotion n. 爱心 ‎【联想】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.‎ 他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。‎ ‎2) She is devoted to her children. 她深爱她的孩子。‎ ‎3) His devotion to work moved us. 他对工作的奉献精神令我们感动。 ‎ 状元典例 ‎ Can you imagine the old man _______ his youth to guarding in the tower?‎ ‎ A. devoting B. devote C. spend D. spending 答案：A 思路分析：句意：你能想象这个老人把自己的青春奉献给了看守这座塔吗？第一点考查imagine sb. doing；第二点考查devote to，to是一个介词，故选A。‎ ‎12. differ v. 不同 ‎【考点释义】‎ ‎【联想】‎ ‎[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) The brothers differ widely in their tastes. 他们弟兄的爱好大相径庭。‎ ‎2) I'm sorry to differ with you on that. 对不起, 在那一点上我与你看法不同。‎ ‎3) It won't make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. ‎ 你今天去还是明天去影响不大。‎ 状元典例 ‎ Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly ______size and shape.‎ ‎ A. on B. from C. by D. in 答案：D 思路分析：句意：在各种各样的树上都可看到树叶，但是它们大小不同，形状各异。考查动词与介词的搭配。differ常用搭配：differ from与……不同；differ in在某方面不同，故选D。‎ ‎13. disappoint vt. 使失望；使(计划、希望等) 落空 disappoint one’s expectation 辜负某人的期望 ‎【联想】‎ disappointed adj. 令人失望的 ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) Don't disappoint me by being late again. 别再迟到了, 不要叫我失望。‎ ‎2) I'm disappointed in you. 你让我失望了。‎ ‎3) The weather this summer has been disappointing. 今年夏天的天气一直令人失望。‎ 状元典例 I was so _________ by his bad manners that I hit him in the stomach.‎ A. disappointed B. teased C. annoyed D. delighted 答案：C 思路分析：句意：他的无礼使我如此恼怒, 我打了他肚子一拳。disappointed失望的；teased取笑的，嘲弄的；annoyed生气的，恼怒的；delighted高兴的，愉悦的。‎ ‎14. donate vt. 捐献，捐赠 ‎ ‎ ‎【联想】‎ ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) I can donate one hundred dollars.   我可以捐助100美元。‎ ‎2) She is willing to donate money to a worthy cause.‎ 她愿为高尚的事业捐款。 ‎ 状元典例 ‎ The businessman ________ a lot of money to the hospital. ‎ A. aided B. granted C. awarded D. donated 答案：D 思路分析：句意：这个商人捐给医院很多钱。aided辅助，帮助；granted同意，准许；awarded授予，判给；donated捐赠。‎ ‎15. doubt v. & n. 怀疑 ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) I doubt whether/ if he will keep his word. 我怀疑他是否会遵守诺言。‎ ‎2) I don’t doubt that our team will win. ‎ ‎= I have no doubt that our team will win.‎ ‎=There is no doubt that our team will win.我们队会获胜是毫无疑问的。‎ ‎3) Do you doubt that he is telling the truth? 你怀疑他说的都是实情吗？‎ 状元典例 ‎ There is still some doubt ______ the autumn sports meet will be held in our school, but there is no doubt ______ it will be held soon after our National Day holiday.‎ A. that; that B. whether; whether C. that; whether D. whether; that ‎ 答案：D 思路分析：doubt位于肯定句中后用whether连接从句，位于否定句中用that连接从句。‎ ‎16. dress n. 长裙；礼服 v. 穿衣，打扮 ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) The mother is dressing her baby. 母亲正为婴孩穿衣。‎ ‎2) She is dressed in black today. 今天她穿一身黑。‎ 状元典例 ‎ Then she _______ herself in a coat and went to work.‎ ‎ 答案：dressed 思路分析：句意：她穿上大衣去上班了。根据and went可知此处用dressed。‎ ‎17. ease n. & v. 舒适；减轻，缓解 ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) I never feel at ease in his company. 我跟他在一起总是感到很不自在。‎ ‎2) Walking helped to ease him of his pain. 散步助他减轻了一些痛苦。‎ 状元典例 他轻松地通过了考试。‎ He passed the examination_________ ________.‎ 答案：with ease/ without difficulty ‎18. either ‎ ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) I've bought two cakes and you can have either. 我买了两块蛋糕——你要哪块都行。‎ ‎2) If you don't go, I won't ,either.你不去,我也不去。‎ ‎3) She is coming either today or tomorrow.她不是今天就是明天来。 ‎ 状元典例1‎ ‎—Do you want tea or coffee?‎ ‎ —______. I really don’t mind.‎ ‎ A. None B. Neither C. Either D. All 答案：C 思路分析：句意：——你要茶还是要咖啡?——哪个都行，我真的不介意。根据题干中的tea or ‎ coffee可知发问方让对方在两者中进行选择，排除A项(三个或三个以上都不)，D项(三个或三个以上都)；C项either表示“两者中的任何一个”；B项表示“两者都不”。根据句意，C项正确。 ‎ 状元典例2‎ Either you or one of your students _______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ A, are B. is C. have D. be 答案：B 思路分析：句意：要么是你要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。either…or…作主语，谓语动词应采用就近一致原则。本句中，谓语动词应该与one of your students一致，即用单数形式，故排除A、C、D三项。 is to attend在本句中相当于should attend（应该出席）。‎ ‎19. employ v. & n. 雇佣，使用 ‎【联想】‎ ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) They employed him to look after the baby. 他们聘请他照料婴儿。‎ ‎2) The children were employed in weeding the garden.  孩子们忙着给花园除草。‎ ‎3) He has fifteen workers in his employ.  他雇佣的工人有十五名。‎ 状元典例 ‎ 这家公司聘这名退休的教授担任顾问。‎ The firm________ the retired professor______ an adviser.‎ 答案：employs，as ‎20. encourage vt. 鼓舞；促使 ‎【联想】‎ ‎【例句】‎ ‎1) My English teacher, never fails to encourage us to study hard.   ‎ 我的英文老师总是鼓励我们要好好用功。‎ ‎2) Don't encourage bad habits in a child. 不要助长孩子的坏习惯。‎ 状元典例 ‎—Have you heard the new benefit system is to take effect?‎ ‎—Yes. That’s great, yet some worry it may ____ laziness.‎ A. encourage B. develop C. lose D. prevent ‎ 答案：A 思路分析：句意：—你听说新的福利制度要生效了吗？—听说了。挺好，但是有些人担心它有可能促成懒惰。‎ 状元笔记 ‎1. doubt在肯定句、否定句及疑问句中不同的搭配 ‎2. either的不同含义及连接两主语时的重要用法 ‎3. encourage的含义及固定搭配 I. 单选 ‎1. The workers will go on strike if the demands they _____put forward are turned down.‎ A. could B. would C. 不填 D. had ‎ 答案：C 思路分析：句意：如果工人提出的要求被拒绝，他们将把罢工继续下去。if the demands they put forward are turned down为条件状语从句。在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。从主句“will go on”可推断出if从句中应为一般现在时。‎ ‎2. —Are you going to Tom’s birthday party?‎ ‎—_____.I might have to work.‎ A. It depends B. Thank you C. Sound great D. Don’t mention it 答案：A 思路分析：句意：——你将参加汤姆的生日晚会吗？——看情况吧。我可能得工作。情景交际题。通过I might have to work 可知，说话者不一定能去汤姆的生日晚会。所以选A项。其他三个选项都不符合题意。B：谢谢你；C：听起来不错；D：不要提了。‎ ‎3. Luckily, the black box, ______ to record the flight data, was soon found. ‎ A. being designed B. designing C. to design D. designed 答案：D 思路分析：句意：幸运的是，（被设计）用于记录飞行数据的黑匣子很快就被找到了。design和box之间为动宾关系，故需用其过去分词形式作定语。‎ ‎4. The _______look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself.‎ ‎ A. surprised B. upset C. excited D. determined 答案：D 思路分析：句意：他脸上坚定的神情表明他对自己信心十足。A. surprised 吃惊的； B. upset 不安的；C. excited 激动的，只有D 符合句意。‎ ‎5. The graduates are determined to devote themselves _________Chinese space science.‎ ‎ A. in B. for C. to D. with 答案：C 思路分析：句意：毕业生们决心献身于中国太空科学事业。devote oneself to doing sth. 献身于……，这里的to是介词。类似的结构有：pay attention to ,get down to ,look forward to , make a contribution to等。‎ ‎6. She tried her best to ______ the life there, but failed to make any ______.‎ ‎ A. adjust to; senses B. adapt to, trouble ‎ C. adapt to; effort D. adjust to; difference 答案：D 思路分析：句意：她尽力去适应那儿的生活，但没有取得任何改变。adjust to 适应，调节；make difference产生影响，起作用。‎ ‎7. Robert had promised to attend the party, but to Helen’s ________, he never turned up. ‎ A. satisfaction B. delight C. relief D. disappointment 答案：D 思路分析：句意：罗伯特答应参加聚会，但令海伦失望的是，他一直没露面。A：满意；B：高兴；C：欣慰；D：失望。‎ ‎8. The government has handed out all the _____food and clothes to the victims. ‎ ‎ A. reflected B. abandoned C. donated D. rented 答案：C 思路分析：句意：政府已经把捐赠的所有食物和衣服分发给受害者。donated是donate的过去分词在此充当形容词，意为“捐赠的”，作food and clothes的定语，表示被动、完成。reflect反射，反映；abandon遗弃，丢弃，放弃；rent租赁。‎ ‎9. He said that very clearly so that nobody was in any ________ about what was meant.‎ A. doubt B. case C. question D. wonder 答案：A 思路分析：他解释得一清二楚，所以没有人对他的意图再有任何“怀疑”。doubt怀疑，疑问；case情况，案件,与句意不符； question表示有问题需要问，与后面的what was meant搭配不太恰当；wonder惊奇，惊异，疑惑，也与后面的what was meant 在逻辑关系上不太合理。‎ II. 阅读理解 In the dictionary, the word " applause" means to clap your hands to praise or welcome. Clapping is not usually used to protect against something. But when David Beckham made this mistake, he was punished with a red card.‎ The England football captain was shown a yellow card by referee Arturo Dauden Ibanez during a match between Real Madrid and Valencia in Madrid, Spain on Oct. 23.‎ Beckham then half-turned his back on Ibanez and applauded. His protest made the referee very angry. In return he gave Beckham a red card. The Spanish Football Association withdrew the red card last week due to Real Madrid's protest. But Beckham still has to pay a 60 euro fine for his mistake.‎ Beckham, no doubt, is one of the best footballers in the world. He was among the 50 candidates for the European Footballer of 2005. He first made everyone take notice when he scored a wonder goal, 60 yards away from his own half on the first day of the 1995/6 England ‎ football season. He then led England into the quarter finals of the 2002 World Cup.‎ But he is more than a footballer. His handsome appearance is as powerful as his outstanding performance on the field. Few pop stars can match him in terms of pure style. He has attracted millions of teenagers to follow his way of dressing.‎ ‎"I have come to accept that if I have a new haircut, it is front page news. But having a picture of my foot on the front page of a national newspaper is a bit exceptional. " he once said.‎ He appears in advertisements as often as on the field. Beckham is now the richest footballer in the world with an average annual income of 8 million pounds ; mainly from advertisements for beauty treatments, mobile phones and motor oil.‎ In November 2003, Beckham was honored with the best award ever received— an OBE (Officer of the Order of the British Empire) from the British Queen.‎ ‎1. Beckham received a red card because he _____.‎ A. broke a rule ‎ B. hurt the referee's feeling C. did wrong to the referee D. showed anger to the audience ‎2. Beckham first became famous because of _____.[来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K]‎ A. an excellent goal ‎ B. his special dress C. his handsome appearance D. his beautiful wife ‎3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?‎ A. What attracted teenagers most was not his look but his performance.‎ B. Beckham became rich just by advertising for some companies.‎ C. Beckham's red card was taken away by the football association.‎ D. It was a great honor for Beckham to be awarded an OBE.‎ ‎【语篇解读】‎ 文章讲述了球星贝克汉姆的一则轶事；介绍了他取得的骄人成绩以及社会对他的回报。‎ ‎1. B 文章第三段说，贝克汉姆的抗议使裁判很生气，作为回报，裁判给了他一张红牌。‎ ‎2. A 根据文章第四段第三句可知他开始成名是由于其在1995年6月1日的一次绝妙射门而受到人们的关注。‎ ‎3. D 贝克汉姆能吸引青少年不仅仅是靠他的技术还靠他的外貌，因此A错；贝克汉姆非常富有，其中拍广告所得收入占很大的成分，故B错；那张红牌被足协取消了，而不是拿走了，故C错。‎ ‎（答题时间：40分钟）‎ I. 单项填空 ‎1. Unless all his demands were ________，he would refuse to sign the agreement，he insisted. ‎ A. met B. permitted C. allowed D. replied ‎2. —Are you still mad at her?‎ ‎—Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me.‎ A. deny B. refuse C. reject D. decline ‎3. Asia is important to America because America’ s prosperity _____ trade with Asia’s growing economies. ‎ A. depends on B. takes off C. sets up D. breaks out ‎4. It is said that the early European playing-cards _____ for entertainment and education.‎ ‎ A. were being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed ‎5. —What about the person?‎ ‎—Seldom in all my life ______ such a ______ person.‎ ‎ A. I met; determining B. I have met; determining ‎ C. have I met; determined D. did I meet; determined ‎6. If you have a job，____ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed. ‎ A. do devote B. don't devote C. devoting D. not devoting ‎7. In our daily life, everyone fails every now and then. It is how you react that makes a _______.‎ ‎ A. development B. difference C. progress D. point ‎8. ——My teacher says she’s canceling the class play. I just can’t understand.‎ ‎—— _______ .You were looking forward to it.‎ A. It doesn’t matter B. It’s very unwise of her C. Don’t worry about it D. You must be disappointed ‎9. ______a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.‎ A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains ‎10. ______in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.‎ A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed II. 完形填空 Travel in most of Europe is easy. An agreement between the 15 European Union countries in 1995 means that citizens from most European countries can travel across borders without needing a visa.‎ Each of the 12 countries that has 1 its own currency(货币) to accept the euro has its own 2 .So how have these countries been able to 3 ? And how has each country prepared for the birth of this new currency? Firstly, many people in Europe, 4 in west Europe, speak English. The European Convention on Human Rights says that all people have a 5 to learn and use their traditional language.‎ But at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt, Germany, the official language for all 6 is English. And every European country requires students to study English for many years at 7 . Other languages may be offered, too. But English is a 8 .‎ ‎"If I meet someone, I try Spanish. Then I try 9 And if it' s not 10 , I say “Hello”.‎ ‎ That' s the signal, and we communicate no matter what country we come from. " said Mafia Ortega, a ski instructor in the Pyrenees, 11 French and Spanish are mainly used.‎ Each country has its own 12 culture. Though the French may be famous for their 1,000 types of cheese and the Greeks are known to 13 olive oil on everything, most people in Europe like 14 strong coffee on their breakfast table. Another drink is held 15 throughout the continent. Europe's vineyards (葡萄园) may be famous, but the real drink of Europe is 16 . Europeans consume tons of it.‎ Football, of course, also helps to 17 all of Europe. Many fans are obsessed (着迷) with 18 and with international stars. David Beckham, of England' s Manchester United, is a hero to Europeans in the same 19 that Michael Jordan is to 20 .[来源:学,科,网]‎ ‎1. A. given up B. ended up C. agreed with D. started with ‎2. A. money B. right C. border D. culture ‎3. A. meet B. unite C. travel D. accept ‎4. A. specially B. generally C. particularly D. normally ‎5. A. chance B. right C. wish D. place ‎6. A. states B. people C. business D. customers ‎7. A. school B. work C. home D. table ‎8. A. subject B. tool C. need D. must ‎9. A. English B. French C. German D. Greek ‎10. A. listening B. spoken C. working D. heard ‎11. A. as B. where C. since D. whose ‎12. A. food B. art C. drink D. life ‎13. A. add B. take C. spend D. put ‎14. A. a kind of B. a lot of C. a cup of D. a taste of ‎15. A. in common B. in general C. in need D. in special ‎16. A. beer B. wine C. coffee D. soup ‎17. A. attract B. tie C. play D. watch ‎18. A. opera B. bread C. music D. football ‎19. A. position B. level C. way D. game ‎20. A. basketballers B. British C. athletes D. Americans Ⅲ. 高考新题型—任务型阅读 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。‎ 注意：每个空格只填一个单词。‎ The history of advertising dates back to the Christian era (时期). One of the first known methods of advertising was outdoor signs, which were painted on the wall of a building and were usually very eye-catching. Archaeologists have found signs in the ruins of ancient Rome and Pompeii—they tried to persuade travelers to go to an inn in another town.‎ In the 1440s there was an invention of a movable type of advertising in a printing form. In the 16th century, some companies had a trademark. But advertising did not become an independent form until the 17th century, when newspapers began to include classified ads. Simple descriptions, plus prices, of products served their purpose until the late 19th century, when technological advances meant that pictures could be added to advertising, and color was also an option. Advertising agencies appeared in the latter part of the 19th century, making advertising ‎ become fully developed, with its own ways of working and its own creative values. These agencies were a response to an increasingly crowded marketplace, where manufacturers were realizing that promotion of their products was important if they wanted to survive. ‎ In the first half of the 20th century, advertising made the most of the new mass media, using cinema, and to a greater extent, radio, to give out commercial messages. Radio developed a brand new technique of advertising, by voice, and remained to be a major form of media until the 1950s, when TV came into many of the American households and soon became almost the most important means of reaching the consumers.‎ Another important development of advertising should be due to Sylvester Weaver, who was president of the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) between 1953 and 1955. Weaver came up with the idea of selling not a whole show to advertisers, but separate, small blocks of broadcast time. Several different advertisers could buy time with one show, and therefore the content of the show would move out of the control of a single advertiser—rather like a print magazine. This allowed different advertisers to reach the audience of a single TV show. Thus the “commercial break” as we know today was born.‎ Today, advertising is developing faster than ever and the use of online advertising is increasing in popularity. Besides, advertising spending has increased rapidly in recent years. ‎ Title: The History of Advertising Time Development In the Christian era One of the first known methods of advertising was outdoor signs (1) __________ on the wall of a building.‎ In the 1440s A movable type of advertising was (2) __________.‎ In the 16th century Some companies began to use a trademark.‎ In the 17th century Advertising, an independent form using simple descriptions and providing information on prices, began to appear in (3) __________.‎ In the late 19th century ‎●With the development of technology, (4) __________ and color were added to advertising.‎ ‎●Advertising agencies appeared and were a (5) __________ to an increasingly crowded marketplace.‎ In the first half of the 20th century Advertising began to make full use of cinema and (6) __________.‎ In the 1950s ‎●TV (7) __________ radio as the most important means of reaching the audience. ‎ ‎●Sylvester Weaver came up with the idea of selling separate, small blocks of broadcast time to (8) __________.‎ ‎(9) __________‎ ‎●Advertising is developing faster and the use of online advertising is becoming more and more (10) __________.‎ I. 单项填空 ‎1. A 句意：他坚持除非他所有的要求均得到满足，否则他拒绝签合同。meet(=satisfy) one’s demand, wishes, conditions, needs, etc满足某人的要求、愿望﹑条件﹑需要等；其它三个选项不符合句意。‎ ‎2. A 句意：——你还在生她的气吗？ ——不那么生气了，不过，我不否认她的话伤害了我。A：否认；B：拒绝；C：拒绝，抵制；D：衰退，减少，婉谢。‎ ‎3. A 句意：对美国来说，亚洲非常重要，因为美国繁荣取决于亚洲增长的经济。B:脱下；起飞；C:建立；架起；D：爆发。‎ ‎4. D 句意：据说早期欧洲的扑克牌是为了娱乐和教育而设计的。本句叙述一个过去的事件，介绍the early European playing-cards的特点, 应用一般过去时。‎ ‎5. C seldom位于句首，句子应用倒装语序；“我一直未遇到过”，故应用现在完成时。determined 为形容词，意为“有决心的；坚决的”。‎ ‎6. A 句意：如果你有工作并全身心地投入其中，那么最终你会成功的。本题考查句式及动词的强调。由句意可排除表示否定意义的B、D两项; 再分析句子结构，可知逗号后和and 之前的部分须是完整的句子，C项为现在分词，被排除；A项填入后构成了祈使句，do 是对动词原形进行强调，故A正确。‎ ‎7. B 句意：在日常生活中，每个人都时不时地失败，但你作何反应却是很重要的。make a difference 有不同，很重要,有影响,为固定词组。‎ ‎8. D 句意：——我的老师说她要取消课堂游戏。我真的不明白。——你一定失望了。你一直期待着这个。本题考查情景交际。A：没关系；B：她很不明智；C：不要着急。依据后面的You were looking forward to it.可知，老师取消了这场课堂游戏，自然是非常令人失望的。‎ ‎9. D 句意：关于那个工程的实用价值，人们心中还是心存某种疑虑。There remains (to be)意为“仍有……”。名词doubt往往与there be句型连用构成固定句型。‎ ‎10. A 句意：穿着白色制服，他看上去更像一位厨师而不像一位医生。对be dressed in这一短语的考查。本句主语为he，而B、C、D项皆表主动语态，故A项正确。‎ Ⅱ. 完形填空 ‎【语篇解读】‎ 在欧盟15国，大多数公民不必申请护照就可以跨国界自由旅游。此外，他们还放弃了各自所用的货币，共同使用欧元。欧盟各国之间风俗不同，语言也不同，那么是什么把它们联系在一起的呢？ ‎ ‎1. A 本句意为：有12个国家放弃了自己所用的货币，而使用了欧元，但是，这12个国家都有自己的文化。根据逻辑判断，12国首先要放弃自己所使用的货币才能共同使用欧元。此外，end up为“to be in the stated place, condition etc. in the end (最后成为……)”的意思，不符合要求；其它两项与本句的要求太远，可直接排除。‎ ‎2. D 本句提出各国间存在的文化差异为下两句提出问题打基础，根据本句中定语从句的内容可直接排除A项money; 然后考虑使欧盟各国联合起来的最大障碍应该是文化上的差异，故D项正确。‎ ‎3. B 共同使用欧元，不用签证可以自由旅游说明了欧盟的联合。‎ ‎4. C 本句意为：首先，欧洲的许多人尤其是在西欧，他们都说英语。particularly: especially, in a way that is special and different from others尤其，特别；specially侧重于“专门地”；generally: usually, by most people 一般地，广泛地；normally：in the usual way or to the ‎ usual degree, in the usual condition, ordinarily正常地，一般地，平常，通常。‎ ‎5. B 本句意为：欧洲人权协议规定：所有人都有学习和使用自己语言的权利。‎ ‎6. C 本句意为：在德国法兰克福的欧洲中央银行，从事各种业务所使用的官方语言是英语。根据句意可知在银行应该是“在业务上所用的语言”。‎ ‎7. A 要求学生学英语应该是在学校。‎ ‎8. D 本句意为：也可以教其他语言，但是英语是必修课。a must：something which is necessary or very important to have or experience必须做的事，必不可少的事情。‎ ‎9. B 根据11空所在句子可知在比利牛斯地区主要说法语和西班牙语，由此可判断B为正确答案。‎ ‎10. C work: operate in a proper way起作用，顺利进行。‎ ‎11. B the Pyrenees为先行词，后面的句子为定语从句，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，因此用where。‎ ‎12. A 本空所在的句子为本段的主题句，本段下面的内容讲的是饮食方面的内容，故本空应选择A项。‎ ‎13. D 希腊人以在任何事物上都放橄榄油而著称。put: lay, place放；add后应加to,表示“在……上加……”。‎ ‎14. C 本句意为：大多数欧洲人都喜欢在早餐时喝一杯浓咖啡。‎ ‎15. A in common共有的； in general 总的； in need: in the state of not having enough food or money贫困，困窘；没有in special这种用法。本句讲的是欧洲人在饮食方面的共性，故in common为正确答案。‎ ‎16. A 根据本空中所在句子里的but可排除B项；coffee已在上句提及，故被排除；soup不属于“饮料”类，故被排除；只有beer符合本句的逻辑。‎ ‎17. B 本句意为：当然，足球在联合整个欧洲的过程中也起了促进作用。‎ ‎18. D 根据上句很容易推知本题答案为D项。[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ ‎19. C 本句意为：迈克尔•乔丹对于美国人来说是英雄，同样英国曼彻斯特队的大卫•贝克汉姆对于欧洲人来说也是英雄。‎ ‎20. D 根据19空前的Europeans可推知本空答案应该是D项。‎ ‎[来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。K]‎ Ⅲ. 高考新题型—任务型阅读 ‎1. painted 2. invented 3. newspapers 4. pictures 5. response ‎ ‎6. radio 7. replaced 8. advertisers 9. Today/Nowadays 10. popular