【英语】2018届二轮复习高考完形填空题型分析及解题指导教案（8页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习高考完形填空题型分析及解题指导教案（8页）

‎2018届二轮复习 高考完形填空题型分析及解题指导 一 近 5 年高考完形填空考情统计与命题分析 研究近5年的湖北高考完形填空试题，可以发现如下共同特点。‎ ‎(一)选材角度 体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文，一般按照时间线索行文，逻辑清晰，层次分明。‎ 题材上，选用贴近考生实际生活的语言材料。文章均富有思想性和教育性，常常通过生活琐事来预示人生哲理与人性，可读性较强。‎ ‎(二)挖空角度 首先，文章首句通常不设空，目的是让考生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体性的把握。‎ 其次，挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。‎ 最后，具体挖空的时候遵循“重复原则”，即挖去的词通常都在保留的上下文中给出解题的线索。‎ ‎(三)选项角度 同一空格所对应的四个选项一般是同一词性，或在句子中充当同样的语法成分，这是拟选项时所应遵循的最基本的原则。在完形填空题中，具体的语法规则不再是考查重点，而主要考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过具体的语言环境来做出选择。所以，所拟出的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后的文字形成某种考生非常熟悉的固定搭配，具有很强的干扰和迷惑作用。‎ ‎(四)考查角度 完形填空主要考查5个角度：上下文语义理解、语法结构及逻辑关系、习惯搭配及固定结构、词义辨析和生活常识及文化背景。‎ 一、完形填空3大着眼点 ‎ 完形填空注重在语境中考查词义。几乎所有的备选项都要通过联系上文或下文而确定。因此答案有的由空格所在的句子决定，有的由相邻不远的一组句子决定，还有的由整个语篇内容综合决定。因此，依据完形填空设题的考点层次，可将完形填空题分为句内层次题、句组层次题和语篇层次题。明确了完形填空解题的着眼点，就锁定了思考范围，有利于考生快速准确答题。‎ ‎(一)句内层次题 句内层次类题目是指通过阅读空格所处的那一句话即可找出答案的题目。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解、词义辨析、生活常识和文化背景、习惯搭配及固定结构、语法结构及逻辑关系等五种。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2013·安徽高考)If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a __36__ reason, such as your job or your studies?‎ ‎36．A.technical　　　　　　 B．political C．practical D．physical 分析：选C　本题为句内层次题。由接下来的“such as your job or your studies”可知，此处是问你学一门外语是因为某种现实的需要(诸如求职或求学)吗？practical“现实的”，符合语境。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2013·浙江高考)The most valuable lesson I gained from studying in France wasn't just to respect the French people __39__ to respect all people, for your next best friend could be just a continent away.‎ ‎39．A.and B．but C．or D．so 分析：选B　本题为句内层次题。由语境“不只是尊重法国人，而是要尊重所有人”可知，前后表示转折关系，要用转折连词but连接。‎ ‎(二)句组层次题 句组层次类题目是指通过阅读空格所处的那一句话不能找出正确答案，需要结合题目所在句子以外的句子(句组)才可找出答案的题目。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解、词义辨析和逻辑关系等三种。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2013·湖北高考)Zigfried, a little mouse, blew his breath on the frosty window of the farmhouse and rubbed it to see the outside.Still nobody came.Maybe today, he thought __31__.It was only a few days before Christmas and he was watching for a miracle (奇迹)．‎ ‎31．A.carefully　　　　　　　　 B．excitedly C．hopefully D．proudly 分析：选C　本题为句组层次题。从语境的叙述看，这只小老鼠在窗户上哈气，然后把窗户擦亮，它满怀希望地想，或许今天会有人来。这里用hopefully指它的一种心情。其中关键词maybe(或许，有可能)说明对奇迹是否在今天出现不能十分肯定，只是“有希望”。B项excitedly(激动地，兴奋地)在这里描述小老鼠的心情是不合适的。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2013·安徽高考)We all lead __43_busy__ lives and learning a language takes __44__.You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a __45_routine__.‎ It doesn't matter if you haven't got long.Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes __46_a_lot_less__.‎ ‎44．A.courage B．time C．energy D．place 分析：选B　本题为句组层次题。根据下文的“regularly; long; take years”等词语可知，学习语言需要时间。‎ ‎(三)语篇层次题 语篇层次类题目是指无法在句内或句组确定答案，需要结合整个语篇才能找到正确答案的题目。这类题目主要考查考生的篇章分析能力。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解和逻辑关系两种。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2013·湖南高考)When I was 8 years old, I once decided to run away from home.With my suitcase __36_packed__ and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom, “I'm leaving.”‎ ‎“If you want to __37__， that's all right，” she said. “But you came into this home without anything and you can leave the same way.”‎ ‎…‎ The door inched open and Mom's smiling face appeared.“Did you change your __47_decision__ about running away？” she asked.‎ ‎37．A.drop out B．go by C．move around D．run away 分析：选D　本题为语篇层次题。根据第一段中的“I once decided to run away from home”可知，作者是要离家出走。47空后的“running away”也是线索提示。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2010·安徽高考)…‎ First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be __40_easy__ to use.‎ ‎…‎ Then, the writing point of the pen should __46_allow__ the ink to flow evenly (均匀的) while that pen remains in touch with the paper.‎ ‎…‎ ‎ __52__， the pen should make a thick, dark line ...‎ ‎52．A.Meanwhile B．Generally C．Afterwards D．Finally 分析：选D　本题为语篇层次题。由原文第二段段首的First of all和第三段段首的Then以及最后一段的内容可知此处应用finally，表示此段介绍了钢笔的最后一个特点。‎ 二、完形填空6大解题技巧 ‎ ‎(一)利用文章首句解题 完形填空首句一般不设空，而首句往往是了解全文的窗口，依据首句所给的信息常常可以看出文章的体裁和背景，从而有利于快速把握文章的主旨大意。文章第一句往往是完形填空做题的切入点，开始几个空往往与首句有密切关系。‎ ‎[典例]　(2013·山东高考)I used to be a very selfcentered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people __36__ I think about myself. I am happy that I am becoming a __37__ person.‎ ‎36．A.since　　　　　　　 B．before C．or D．unless ‎37．A.famous B．simple C．different D．skilled 分析：36、37题可利用文章首句解题。通过首句并结合全文可知，本文为记叙文，主要讲述了“我”个人思想的转变。通过首句“我以前是个以自我为中心的人，但是在过去两年里我真正变了”可以推知前两空所在句的含义分别为“我开始在为自己考虑之前，先考虑他人”，“我很高兴我变成一个不同的人”。由此可知36题答案为B,37题答案为C。‎ ‎(二)利用上下文语境解题 上下文是形成语境的基础，做题时要学会瞻前顾后，要做到词不离句、句不离段、段不离文。因为，有时如果单独看空格，看似几个选项填入空格都没有错，句子也通顺，但结合全文内容来理解，就只有一个最佳答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2013·山东高考)At first, I just wanted to get my __39_degree__ and be left alone. I thought I was smarter than everyone else, so I hardly ever __40_talked__ to anyone in my classes. By the end of my first semester, I was really __41_lonely__. It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. So I tried a(n) __42_experiment__. I started asking people around me how they were doing, and if they were having trouble I __43_offered__ to help. That was really a big __44__ for me. By the end of the year, I had several new friends, and two of __45_them__ are still my best friends today.‎ ‎44．A.dream B．problem C．duty D．step 分析：选D　本题必须结合上下文语境才能正确解题。由上文知作者以前几乎从不和班里任何人交流，而现在却主动询问别人有什么困难需要帮助，所以这对作者来说是一大“步”，所以填step。‎ ‎(三)利用逻辑关系解题 逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。利用逻辑关系，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而确定正确选项。‎ ‎1．句中逻辑关系 ‎[典例]　(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)I tried to find a __47_comfortable__ position and thought it might be restful，__48__ kind of nice, to be __49_pushed__ around for a while.‎ ‎48．A.yet B．just C．still D．even 分析：选D　本题可利用句中逻辑关系解题。由上文“我尽力找到一个舒适的坐姿，认为这样可以放松一些。”可知此处应为表示递进关系的even。表示“我想，要是被人推着四处走一会儿那就太好了。”‎ ‎2．句间逻辑关系 ‎[典例]　(2013·湖北高考)The house came __45_alive__ the next few days.Zigfried __46_enjoyed__ every single hour of them. __47__， the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a __48_satisfied__ smile at the door of his home, he heard the __49_discussion__ of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas.‎ ‎47．A.However B．Instead C．Moreover D．Therefore 分析：选A　本题可利用句间逻辑关系解题。从47空前后文的关系来看，此处表示转折关系，故用however。‎ ‎3．段间逻辑关系 ‎[典例]　(2013·天津高考)．..Such is Dad — whatever problem he __25_meets_with__， he never gives up.‎ ‎__26__， the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over our country...‎ ‎26．A.Thankfully B．Hopefully C．Unfortunately D．Strangely 分析：选C　本题可利用段间逻辑关系解题。上文提到父亲无论遇到什么困难都不放弃，下文提到整个国家发生了旱灾，因此，此处选C项。‎ ‎(四)利用语义复现解题 复现是一种语境衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等形式，重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。‎ ‎1．原词复现 ‎[典例]　(2013·四川高考)Even though I was used to regular insults (侮辱) because of the __11__ on my head, it was __12_still__ horrible to hear.‎ ‎...“But she'll be __17_left__ with scars on her head, and of course her hair won't grow there.”‎ As a child, I cared much about my scars, so I __18_usually__ wore a scarf to cover them up when I left home.‎ ‎11．A.hat B．scarf C．scars D．cuts 分析：选C　本题可利用原词复现解题。本文后文多次出现scars一词，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．同义或近义词复现 ‎[典例]　(2013·湖南高考)“Wait a minute，” Mom said. “I want your __39_clothes__ back.You didn't wear anything when you arrived.” This really angered me.I tore my clothes off — shoes, socks, underwear and all — and __40__， “Can I go now？” “Yes，” Mom answered, “but once you close that door, don't expect to come back.”‎ ‎40．A.explained B．suggested C．continued D．shouted 分析：选D　本题可利用同义或近义词复现解题。由“This really angered me.”可知，当妈妈向作者要衣服的时候他已经非常生气了，这时候脱下衣服的他更是控制不住愤怒。与anger相对应的词应为“shout”。‎ ‎3．反义词复现 ‎[典例]　(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It runs in the __33_family__. Michael's father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier.Michael Greenberg feels the __34_same__. A pair of gloves may be a __35__ thing, but it can make a big difference in winter.‎ ‎35．A.small B．useful C．delightful D．comforting ‎[分析]　选A　本题可利用反义词复现解题。一副手套虽然是微不足道的东西，但在冬天却能起大作用。与make a big difference相对，选small。‎ ‎(五)利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题 英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现，完形填空题中的词汇也不例外。很多时候，在分析语境、理清空白处含义的基础上，利用对短语搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。‎ 完形填空中也经常会测试一些固定结构、固定句式，这时考生就需要用到习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2013·北京高考)To be a toplevel gymnast, one must be brave.The beam is probably the most __46_fearful__ for anyone because it's four inches wide.At the state competition, Lola didn't fall __47__ the beam.In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10 — her highest score yet.‎ ‎47．A.to B．on C．off D．against 分析：选C　本题可利用习惯搭配解题。由下文“事实上，她得到8.1分——也是她的最高分”可知她在国家级的比赛中没有从平衡木上掉下来。fall off“从……掉下来”。‎ ‎[典例2]　(2013·安徽高考)Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __52__ you're much less likely to make them again.‎ ‎52．A.if B．and C．but D．before 分析：选B　本题可利用固定结构解题。此处表达的意思为“‎ 放松心态，自嘲自己的错误，这样你再次犯错的可能性就会大大降低”。此处为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，故B项符合语境。‎ ‎(六)利用生活常识和文化背景解题 完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着相关的如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。‎ ‎[典例]　(2012·湖北高考)He agreed, but __43_added__， “An odometer without a speedometer (速度计) is like a __44__ without a knife.”‎ ‎44．A.pencil B．fork C．box D．cake 分析：选B　本题可利用生活常识和文化背景解题。西方人使用刀、叉吃饭为基本常识，了解西方人的生活方式是解本题的关键。‎ 三、完形填空解题流程 ‎