高考英语考点03 主谓一致

高考英语考点03 主谓一致

1 考点 03 主谓一致 考点详解 【命题解读】 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。近几 年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近一致三个方面上。 【命题预测】 主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形式出题，在完形 填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。 预计 2019 年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致； 2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配； 3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。 高考主谓一致的知识结构 一致原则 考点详解 例句 语法一致 1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. What he said is very important for us all. The children were in the classroom two hours ago. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 2 2. 由连接词 and 或 both …… and 连接起 来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语 动词。 Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are classmates. The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有 with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including 等引起的短语，谓语动 词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用 复数形式。 Mr. Green ， together with his wife and children，has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She，like you and Tom，is very tall. 4. either，neither，each，every 或 no +单 数名词和由 some，any，no，every 构成的 复合不定代词，都作单数看待。 Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. 5. 在定语从句中，关系代词 that，who， which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 句中先行词的数一致。 He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 一致原则 考点详解 例句 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓 语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其 谓语动词就用复数形式。 这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。 Class Four is on the third floor. Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注：people，police，cattle 等名词一般都 用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 语法一致 7. 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest There are a lot of people in the classroom. 3 of，the majority of +名词”构成的短语以及 由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主 语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名 词的数而定。 The rest of the lecture is wonderful. 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注：a number of 与 the number of 的区别 8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的 主语一致。 There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 1. what， who， which， any， more， all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠 意思来决定。 Which is your bag？Which are your bags？ All is going well. All have gone to Beijing. 2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名 词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数 形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是 一个整体。#网 Thirty minutes is enough for the work. Ten miles is too long. 3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报 名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常 用单数形式。 “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 逻辑一致 4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数 名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 一致原则 考点详解 例句 5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单 数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twelve plus eight is twenty. Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 6. 一 些 名 词 是 以 –ics 结 尾 ， 如 ： mathematics，politics，physics 以及 news， works 等，都属于形式上是复数的名词， 实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其 谓语动词要用单数形式。 The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isn‘t easy to study. 逻辑一致 7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， My glasses are broken. 4 jeans 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如 果这些名词前有 a（the） pair of 等量词 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8. “定冠词 the + 形容词或分词”，表示某 一类人时，动词用复数。 The old are taken good care of. 9. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数 名词, 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 A large quantity of people is needed here. 注意：quantities 一般用复数。 Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. 10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰 不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用 单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。 A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. 1. 当两个主语由 either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither they nor he is wholly right. 就近一致 2. there be 句型的 be 动词单复数取决于 其后的主语。如果其后是由 and 连接的两 个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. Here 引导的句子用法同上。 如：Here is a map and a handbook for you. 考向一 语法一致 语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1.　单数名词，不可数名词.,　不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动 词用复数。 ☛　His father is working on the farm. ☛ Time is money. ☛ To finish all the work on time is impossible. ☛ Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. ☛ The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago. ◆由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或 what 从句是一个带有复数意义的 5 并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。 　What I bought were 3 English books. What I say and do are helpful to you. 2.由 and 或 both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。 　Lucy and Lily are twins. She and I are friends. Both she and he are Young Pioneers. ◆如果 and 所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。 The writer and artist has come. ◆由 and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有 each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 　Every student and every teacher was in the room. No boy and no girl likes it. 3.主 语 后 面 有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including 等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。 Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.　 She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4.either, neither, each, every 或 no+单数 neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有 some, any, no, every 构成的 复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 　Each of us has a new book. Everything around us is matter. 　Neither of the texts is interesting. None of us has been to South Africa. 5.定语从句中，关系代词 that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。 　He is one of my students who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6 典例剖析 1（2018·新课标卷 I·语法填空）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65than walking, cycling or swimming. 【答案】is 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述 的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是 it，表示单数概念。故填 is。 2.He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him. A. has；anyone likes B. have；does anyone like C. has；no one likes D. have；anyone likes 【答案】D 6.集体名词 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用 复数。 His family is a happy one. 　The whole family are watching TV. 　The population of China is 1400 million.(人口) 　One third of the population here are workers.(人) ◆people, cattle, police 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 7.由　a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主 语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。 The rest of the lecture is wonderful. A lot of time is wasted. A lot of people take part in the meeting. 2/3 water is drunk by him. 2/3 students are absent. 8.倒装句中，谓语 v.的数与其后的主语一致。 7 　On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. 典例剖析 It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve. A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take 【答案】A 考向二 意义一致原则 1.表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 　Twenty minutes is enough for the work. One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM. 2.如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。 　The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book. one and a half ＋复数 n.，谓语动词用单数。 　One and a half apples is left on the table. 3.算是中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除） 4.表示的以－ics 结尾的名词作主语，用单数。 　Physics is an important subject in middle schools. Mathematics is the study of numbers. Politics, economics, athletics 等。 5.复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。 The glass works was built up in 1980. 8 These glass works are near the railway station. 6.由两部分组成的名词，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a pair of 等量词时， 视情况而定。 7.The ＋ adj. 表示一类人，作主语时用复数。 　The young are usually very active. The old are lonely. 考向三 就近一致原则 就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 （1）当两个主语由 either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also 连接时，谓语动词和 邻近的主语一致。 Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind. 他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。@网 （2）there be 句型的 be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由 and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的 那个主语保持一致。 There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。 There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。 （3）在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手册。 Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。 （4）就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。 主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。 此类连接性短语有 as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than， together with，but，except， besides，including，in addition to 等。 your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。 she，like you and betty，is very clever.像你和 betty 一样，她也很聪明。 9 典例剖析 The father as well as his three children ___________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going 【答案】C 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在冬天的每个星期天下午，这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河 面上滑冰。当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与 as well as 前面的名词或代词保 持一致。本题的谓语动词应与 The father 保持一致，用单数形式；由时间状语 every Sunday afternoon 可知， 本句应用一般现在时。故选 C 项。 考点四 ＂名词+介词短语＂作主语 名词或代词后接 as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but 等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式 应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。 She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。 He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。 Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。 考向五 不定代词作主语 1. 当作主语的名词前有 each，neither，either，every 修饰或 each，neither，either 作主语时，谓语动词用单 数。 ☛Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。 ☛Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。 ☛Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。 ☛Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。 2. 当复合不定代词 someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything， nothing，everything 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ☛Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。 ☛Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗? ☛Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。 10 ☛Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。 典例剖析 All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A. are B. was C. is D. were 【答案】C 考向六 特殊名词作主语 1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单 数。 ☛The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名) ☛Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名) 2. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。 ☛The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。 ☛The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。 3. 以-s 结尾的名词，如 maths，physics，politics 等和以-s 结尾的抽象名词，如 news，plastics 等作主语时， 谓语动词要用单数。 ☛Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。 ☛The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。 4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如 Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的 修饰语来确定。 ☛A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。 ☛Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有 10 只绵羊在吃草。 【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English 等前加 the 表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。 11 考向七 表数量概念的词或短语作主语 1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 ☛Ten years has passed quickly. 10 年很快就过去了。 ☛Ten dollars is enough. 10 美元就够了。 ☛100 kilometers is a long way. 100 千米是一段很长的路。 2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。 ☛Two and two is/are four. 2 加 2 等于 4。 ☛Six times one is/are six. 6 乘以 1 等于 6。 3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ☛There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。 ☛Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。 4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。 ☛One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。 ☛One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。 5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果 of 后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果 of 后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。 ☛The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。 ☛The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。 6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。 ☛None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。 7. ＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复 数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为 number，故谓语动词用单数。 ☛A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。 ☛The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到 2 000 多人。 8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由 of 后的名词来确定。如果 of 后是不可数名词，谓 语动词用单数；如果 of 后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 ☛A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。 ☛Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。 12 考向八 动名词、不定式和从句作主语 动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。 ☛Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。 ☛To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。 ☛What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。 典例剖析 The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them. A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is 【答案】A　 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是 8450 美元，这对 他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是 living expenses，是复数，因此谓语动词用复数；第二空 的主语是 which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数。 【辨析】 其他情况 例句 and 连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复 数；但是 and 连接的并列主语指同一人、同 一物时，谓语使用单数。 The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了 (作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。 (作家和老师是两个人) ＂ 单 数 名 词 或 代 词 + 名 词 或 代 词 +but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式， 如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用 复数。 Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父 亲去过英格兰。 Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football. 迈克像他 的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 ＂the number of+复数名词＂作主语谓语用 单数; ＂a(good/large) number of+复数名词＂ The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生人 数超过八百。 13 作主语，谓语动词用复数。 A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有 500 人。 由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语， 谓语动词用复数，如 chopsticks，glasses，shoes， socks，stockings, trousers, boots 等。若此类 名词被＂a kind of/a pair of’’修饰时，谓语动 词用单数。 The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在 橱柜旁边的架子上。 A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼 镜的售价很高。 当 not only... but also... ， not... but... ， or ， either... or….，neither... nor...等连接并列主语 时，以及在 there be 句型中，谓语动词的单 复数形式采用就近一致原则。 Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有 看过这部电影 Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者 是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。 某些集体名词 class, club, family, team, group 等作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则， 即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单 复数形式。 The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这 家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。 The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture. 在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。 【知识拓展】如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指 的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。 【巧学妙记】 主谓一致记忆口诀 单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。 如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。 有些名词谓常复，people、police 即这般。 主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。 many a 作主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。 or、nor、but also、there be，近主原则挂嘴边。 关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。 不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。 时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见， rest，means，following 等，意义决定其复、单。 14 none，all，half of 等，of 之宾语定答案。 还有分数、百分数，仍据 of 之宾定复、单。 代词 all 指人谓复数，all 指事情谓用单。 量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。 and 连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠。 no，each，every 后单名，两种事物一概念。 以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。 形容词带 the 一类人，姓氏复数加定冠， -s 结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。 代词 neither，either，each，用作主语谓全单。@网 检测训练 基础过关 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Have an aim in life or your ________ (energy) will all be wasted. 2.—How can I take the medicine，sir? —Just follow the ________ (direct) on the bottle. 3.________ (looker-on) see more than players. 4.The glutton has two ________ (stomach) to eat but no stomach for work. 5.The fisher who draws in his net too soon won’t have any ________ (fish) to sell. 6.More than 300 ________ (coach) have been invited to the meeting. 7.They took some ________ (photo) when they visited China. 8.Mr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________ (be) going to visit Beijing next year. 9.Either you or one of your students ________ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 10.Every man and every woman ________ (have) a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. They all think what their fathers do are meaningful. 15 能力提升 I. 单项填空 1.So far as I know, a number of the students in our school ___________ from the suburb and the number of them ___________ 500. A. come；is B. comes；are C. comes；is D. come；are 2.The teacher along with her students ___________ the Palace Museum when we came across her. A. were visiting B. was visiting C. has visited D. have visited 3.The teacher, ___________ several students, ___________ discussing the problem. A. together with；is B. as well as；are C. and；is D. along with；are 4. Not only his parents but also his elder brother ___________ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back yet. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone 5. About ___________ of his spare time ___________ spent in reading. A. third-fifths；are B. three-fifths；is C. three-fives；are D. three-fifth；is 6. Jane is the only one of the students who ___________ a little Chinese and is one of my friends who ___________ studying in China now. A. know；have B. knows；has C. knows；are D. know；is 7.—The room is in a mess again! —Sorry. It is ___________ who ___________. A. me；is to blame B. I；is to be blamed C. me；am to be blamed D. I；am to blame 8. Do you know the man ___________ the little girl is turning to for help? He is one of the teachers who ___________ in our school. A. who；is working B. whom；are working 16 C. whom；works D. which；works 9. When and where we’ll hold the meeting ___________ not been decided yet. A. has B. is C. have D. are 10. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ___________ each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away II. 语法填空 Do you like traveling? Would you like to tell me if you 　1　(offer) the opportunity to visit a new country and stay with a family? 　2　the idea of taking a language exchange trip to a different country can be 　3　(frighten) at first, it offers a great opportunity to improve your foreign language. You also have the chance to experience the life in 　4　new and exciting place. Living with a local family is often the 　5　(good) way to understand a different culture. Staying in a hotel with other tourists is different. If you choose to live with a family, you will be able to practice your foreign language all day. Besides, the family will be friendly and make you 　6　(feel) at home. You will know all the best 　7　(place) in that country. Perhaps the most important reason to take part in a language exchange program 　8　(be) that even when you are back to your country, being able to chat with them over the Internet is a great way to keep 　9　your foreign language. 　10　(hope), the above will help you to put aside your worries and start your trip. 体验真题 1.（2017·江苏）The publication of Great Expectations, which ____________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist. A. is B. are C. was D. were 2. （ 2017 · 天 津 ） Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards 3.(2013·福建)The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. A. were invited B. was invited 17 C. have been invited D. has been invited 4.(2013·江苏)Generally，students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development. A.is B. are C. was D. were 答案解析 基础过关 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.energies　 2.directions　 3.Lookers－on 4.stomachs　 5.fish　 6.coaches　 7.photos　 8.is　 9.is 10.has 能力提升 I. 单项填空 1. A 【解析】考查主谓一致。第一空的主语是＂a number of the students in our school＂，指＂许多学生＂， 谓语用复数形式；第二空的主语是＂the number of them＂，指＂学生的数量＂，谓语用单数形式。故 选 A。 3. A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这个老师和几个学生正在讨论这个问题。together with＂与……一 起＂；as well as＂也，和＂；and＂和＂；along with＂与……一道＂都符合语境；主句的主语是 the teacher，together with several students 修饰主语，因此主语是第三人称单数，所以第二空用谓语用 is。 综上所述，故选 A。 4. D 【解析】句意：不仅他的父母而且他的哥哥也去了颐和园，他们还没有回来。not only... but (also)...连 18 接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与 but (also)后的成分在人称和数上保持一致；再结合语境＂They haven’t been back yet.＂可知 D 项切题。 5. B 【解析】考查分数和主谓一致的用法。句意：他大约花费五分之三的空闲时间在看书上。表达分数时， 分子应用基数词，分母应用序数词，当分子大于一时，序数词后面加-s；又因主语是不可数名词，所 以谓语动词用单数。故选 B。 6. C 【解析】考查主谓一致的用法。在第一个 who 引导的这个定语从句中，先行词是 the only one，所以 从句中的谓语动词用单数；而在第二个 who 引导的定语从句中，先行词是 my friends，所以从句的谓 语动词应用复数。故选 C。 7. D 【解析】考查主谓一致。本句是强调句，强调的是主语 I，所以系动词用 am；be to blame 是固定搭配， 指＂该受责备，应承担责任＂。故选 D。 8. B 【解析】考查定语从句和主谓一致。定语从句中 turn to 后缺少宾语，且指代先行词 the man，故用 that 或 whom；第二空对应的主语 who 替代复先行词 the teachers，故该动词应用复数，选 B 项。 9. A 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：何时何地举行会议现在还没有决定。本句中，两个特殊疑问词 when 和 where 指的是同一件事情，谓语动词用单数，根据 yet 判断本句为现在完成时，故 A 项正确。 10. D 【解析】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意：随着更多的森林正在被破坏，每年有大量的好泥土正在被 冲走。谓语动词应根据 quantity 的单复数来定，本句中 quantity 为复数，因此谓语动词也用复数形式， 故排除 A 项和 B 项；又因为 earth 和 wash away 之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故选 D 项。 II. 语法填空 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如果你想学好一门外语或是体验某一个国家的风土人情，语 言交流之旅将是你的不二选择的原因。用英语进行交流是考生必备的素养，体现了高考注重培养中学生跨 文化交际的能力。 1.have been offered 2.Although/Though 【解析】考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示虽然去一个不同的国家参加语言交流项目这一想法起初听起 来有点吓人，但是这个项目可以给你提供很好的提高外语水平的机会。前后句为转折关系，因此要用 19 Although/Though。 3.frightening 【解析】考查动词-ing 形式或动词-ed 形式。此处表示去一个不同的国家参加语言交流项目这一想法起初听 起来有点令人害怕。动词 frighten 的形容词形式有两个：frightened 和 frightening。前者表示"感到害怕的"， 后者表示"令人害怕的"。此处用来修饰主语 the idea，因此应该用形容词 frightening。 4.a 【解析】考查冠词。句意：你还有机会体验在一个新的、令人激动的地方的生活。根据语境可知，句中 place 表示泛指意义，故用不定冠词。 5.best 【解析】考查形容词最高级。根据语境可知，此处表示和当地人住在一起通常是学习他们的文化的最好的 方式。故此处应用 good 的最高级形式 best。 6.feel 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中动词 make 后可接宾补，构成"make+宾语+宾补"结构。注意 make 后的宾补 为不定式时，应省略不定式符号 to。 7.places 【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：你将了解那个国家所有最好的地方。分析句子结构并结合句中的 all 可知， 此处应用名词复数形式。*网 8.is 【解析】考查考主谓一致。分析句子结构可知本空应填谓语动词，又因为主语为 reason，因此应该用单数形 式。 9.up 10.Hopefully 【解析】考查副词。句意：希望以上所述能够帮助你放下你的顾虑，开始你的旅程。本空用来修饰整个句 子，因此应该用副词形式。又因为本空在句首，所以单词首字母应大写。 20 体验真题 1. C 【解析】考查主谓一致。本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是 Great Expectations 是书名，看作单 数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据＂strengthened＂可知，＂被广泛阅读和得到高度评 价＂发生在过去，故选 C。 2. B 【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语 regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除 A 和 D；由介词短语 along with 连 接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除 C。故选 B。 3.B　【解析】考查主谓一致。as well as, together with, like 等介词或介词短语连接并列主语时， 谓语动词应 与介词或介词短语之前的主语保持一致。 此句复合介词前的主语是 musician, 故可先排除 B 和 C, 句中有明确的过去时间，动词应用一般过去时，所以答案为 B。 4.A　【解析】考查主谓一致。句意为：通常情况，对别人期望很高的学生的内在动机对他们的发展是必要