2021版新高考英语一轮复习Module3同步练习外研版选修6

2021版新高考英语一轮复习Module3同步练习外研版选修6

Module 3 Interpersonal Relationships—Friendship 一、语基必备知识 ‎(一)重点词汇——分类记忆 Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√‎ chat v．　　　　　　　 theft n.‎ swing v. alike adj. & adv.‎ betray v. tiny adj.‎ ripen v. slide v.‎ slip v. damp adj.‎ scratch v. salute n.‎ acute adj. murmur v. ‎ pace v. liar n.‎ couple n. partner n.‎ Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形 ‎1．interpersonal adj. 人际关系的，人与人之间的 ‎2．trust v. 信赖，信任 ‎ ‎3.__amount n. 数量 ‎4．raise v. 筹措(金钱)‎ ‎5．count v. 数 ‎6．quarrel v．&n. 吵架 ‎7．loss n. 损失 ‎ ‎8．scold v. 责备，申斥 ‎9．hurt__adj. (感到)痛苦的，受到伤害的 ‎10．tear v. 撕破，撕裂 ‎11．perfect adj. 完美的 ‎12．privilege n. 权利，特权 ‎13．flee v. 逃跑，逃走 ‎ ‎14．mention v. 提到，提及 ‎15．bottom n. 底部，底端 Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变 ‎1．close adj.亲密的，亲近的→closely adv.接近地；紧密地；严密地；亲近地 ‎2．finance n．财政→financially adv.财政上地 →__financial adj.财政上的，‎ 21‎ 金融的 ‎ ‎3．mood n．心情，心境，情绪 →moody adj.喜怒无常的 ‎4．regret v．& n．后悔，悔恨→regretful adj.懊悔的，惋惜的；遗憾的→regretfully adv.懊悔地，惋惜地；很遗憾地，抱歉地 ‎5．consider vt.考虑→considerate adj.体贴的，考虑周到的→considering prep.鉴于，考虑到→consideration n．考虑 ‎6．forgive v．原谅，宽恕→forgiveness n．原谅 ‎7．predict v．预言，预测→prediction n．预言，预测 ‎8．reunite v．重聚→unite v．(使人或事物)合为一体，联合→united adj.(为共同目标)团结的，联合的；和睦的；(政治上)统一的 ‎1.“信任，依靠”家族 ‎①trust　　　　　　 信任，信赖 ‎②believe in 信任，信仰 ‎③rely on/upon 信赖，依靠 ‎④count on/upon 指望 ‎⑤depend on/upon 依靠 ‎2.y结尾形容词聚焦 ‎①moody　　　　 喜怒无常的 ‎②stormy 暴风雨的 ‎③foggy 有雾的 ‎④funny 滑稽的 ‎⑤naughty 淘气的 ‎3.count形近词大观园 ‎①discount n．　　　　 折扣 ‎②counter n. 柜台 ‎③account n. 账户 ‎④countless adj. 无数的 ‎⑤county n. 县 ‎(二)重点短语——记牢用活 ‎1．burst__out　　　　　　　　 突然发生，突然……起来 ‎2．knock...over (开车)撞伤，撞死 ‎3．lose__interest__in 对……失去兴趣 21‎ ‎4．from__time__to__time 偶尔，有时 ‎5．turn__round 转过身来 ‎6．raise__money 筹款 ‎7．on__the__phone 在通电话 ‎8．make__up 和好，和解 ‎9．keep__in__touch 保持联系 ‎10．lose__touch__with 与……失去联系 ‎11．(be)__ashamed__of 对……感到惭愧/羞耻 ‎12．(be)__on__good__terms__with 与某人关系很好 ‎13．all__at__once 突然，忽然 ‎14．bring...to__mind 使……想起 ‎15．in__return 反过来，作为交换 ‎16．(be)__blessed__with 享有……的福气 ‎1.“有时”词语知多少 ‎①from time to time　　　 偶尔 ‎②at times 间或 ‎③now and then 偶尔 ‎④once in a while 偶尔地 ‎⑤sometimes 有时 ‎⑥occasionally 偶尔 ‎2.mind相关短语大全 ‎①bring ...to mind　　　 使……想起 ‎②bear/keep in mind 记住 ‎③make up one’s mind 下定决心 ‎④change one’s mind 改变主意 ‎⑤have...in mind 想要 ‎⑥absence of mind 走神 ‎3.“v.＋介词to”短语多棱镜 ‎①belong to　　　 属于 ‎②lead to 导致 ‎③keep to 遵守，坚持 ‎④contribute to 为……做贡献 21‎ ‎⑤admit to 承认 ‎⑥turn to 求助于 ‎(三)重点句式——背熟巧用 句型公式 教材原句 句型1：the first time引导的定语从句 I remember the__first__time__I__met__Roy.‎ 我记得第一次见到罗伊的情景。‎ 句型2：现在分词的完成式作原因状语 Having__left__something__in the cloakroom, I went inside to get it...‎ 因为我把东西落在衣帽间了，所以我进去取……‎ 句型3：without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句 It would__have__been__impossible to find my daughter without the help of Friends Reunited.‎ 要是没有老友重聚网站的帮助，我就不可能找到我的女儿。‎ 二、语境强化训练 Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式 A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词 ‎1．When I met her at the entrance to the hall, she mentioned(提到) to me that she had seen me.‎ ‎2．The project was very important, so Mr. Black offered it to the businessman he trusted(信任) very much.‎ ‎3．When he was sliding(滑行) on the snow, he slipped(滑倒) over and broke his legs.‎ ‎4．He makes contact with wealthy people in raising(筹集) money for the project.‎ ‎5．Life is a gift and privilege(特权), one we should appreciate every day of our lives.‎ B．根据所给单词写出适当形式 ‎6．People fled(flee) aimlessly in terror as the tsunami struck the city without any precaution.‎ ‎7．Jack and Mike were found cheating in the exam, and are being__scolded(scold) by their teacher at the moment.‎ ‎8．Lucy is a shy girl, but can you imagine her quarrelling(quarrel) with the boss in Japanese?‎ ‎9．Caroline tore(tear) the envelope open to see what was inside.‎ ‎10．Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting(chat) with the elderly 21‎ ‎ people.‎ Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义 ‎1．(2019·北京卷)A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.信任 ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens.数量；数额 ‎3．(2019·北京卷)It’s such a privilege to be a part of these kids’ lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories.荣幸；幸运 ‎4．(2019·浙江卷6月)However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call.后悔 ‎5．(广东卷)Some schools pay their students to encourage them to learn，which has raised many doubts.引起__‎ Ⅲ.选词成篇 from time to time; on the phone; keep in touch; lose touch with; (be) blessed with; (be) on good terms with; from the bottom of one’s heart Ever since middle school，Jack has 1.been__blessed__with a good friend, Tom. They have been 2.on__good__terms__with each other. After graduation, they went to different universities in the same city, and now they still 3.keep__in__touch with each other. They often chat 4.on__the__phone and when they are free, they meet in an old coffee shop 5.from__time__to__time__to talk about the things that they are interested in. ‎ burst out; knock...over; lose interest in; raise money; turn round We were sad to learn that a worker in our factory was 6.knocked__over by a car yesterday. His family 7.burst__out crying when they heard the sad news. Our factory director called on us to 8.raise__money for his family. We all gave a helping hand.‎ Ⅳ.完成语段 I remember clearly 1.the__first__time__I__took__part__in__the__English__Speech/Speaking__Contest (第一次参加英语演讲比赛). 2.Having__prepared__well(准备得很好), I won first prize in the contest. I cannot be too thankful to you, because without your generous help, I 3.would__not__have__succeeded(就不会取得成功)．‎ 21‎ ‎ count　vt.& vi.数；有价值；重要；认为，看作；包括，把……计算在内 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(浙江卷)It is not how much you read but what you read that counts(count)．‎ ‎②The whole team count on Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.‎ ‎③Don’t always count on others to__help(help) you; you are old enough to do the work by yourself.‎ ‎④(2019·北京卷)Wilson has covered an astonishing 64，000 miles, and has had countless(count) pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎⑤To be honest, I count__her__as__one__of__my__best__friends(认为她是我最好的朋友之一) in our school.‎ ‎(1)count on sb./sth.(to do)　 依靠；指望 count in/out 把……计算在内/‎ ‎ 不把……计算在内 count...as... 认为……是……‎ ‎(2)countless adj. 无数的，数不尽的 ‎[佳句背诵] By contrast, hard work is something that everyone can count on/upon. It might bring luck.‎ 比较而言，努力是我们每个人都能指望上的东西，而且常常是努力带来运气。‎ ‎[词块助记] count from one to one thousand ‎　　　　　　　　　　　 从1数到1 000‎ count (up) to ten 数到10‎ keep (a) count of 数得清；记录 ‎ regret　n．& v．后悔，悔恨；遗憾；抱歉 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(陕西卷)It’s no use regretting(regret) what you have done.‎ ‎②(北京卷)Jerry did not regret giving/having__given(give) the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.‎ ‎③I regret to__inform(inform) you that your problems are beyond my power. You’ll have to turn to others, I’m afraid.‎ ‎[能力提升]——一句多译 ‎(全国卷Ⅲ)我很遗憾地告诉你我不能在约定的时间和你去书店了。‎ 21‎ ‎④I regret__to__tell__you that I can’t go to the book store with you at the appointed time.(regret v．)‎ ‎⑤Much__to__my__regret/To__my__great__regret,__I can’t go to the book store with you at the appointed time.(regret n．)‎ ‎⑥It is with__great__regret that I tell you I can’t go to the book store with you at the appointed time.(regret n．)‎ ‎(1)regret having done sth./doing sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　 后悔做了/做某事 regret to say/tell/inform...that...‎ ‎ 遗憾地说/告知……‎ ‎(2)with great regret 非常遗憾 to one’s regret 令某人抱歉/遗憾的是 ‎[佳句背诵] He who does not learn when he is young will regret it when he is old.‎ 少壮不努力， 老大徒伤悲。‎ ‎[名师点津] 动词ing和动词不定式的意思不同的词汇：‎ remember/forget to do sth.　 记住/忘记去做某事 remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事 try/mean to do sth. 尽力/打算做某事 try/mean doing sth. 尝试/意味着做某事 ‎ mention　n．提及，说起　vt.说起，提到，提及 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①When he called me yesterday, he didn’t mention having__met(meet) you in the park.‎ ‎②At the mention of a trip to the seaside this weekend, the children got very excited.‎ ‎③It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan to me.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎④这个男孩连高等数学都擅长，更不用说这么简单的问题了。‎ The boy is good at advanced mathematics, not__to__mention/without__mentioning such an easy problem.‎ ‎⑤我希望上述提到的或许会有帮助，并祝你旅途愉快。‎ 21‎ I hope what’s__mentioned__above might be helpful and wish you a good journey.‎ ‎(1)mention doing sth.　　　 提及做某事 mention sth.to sb./mention to sb. that ‎ 向某人提及……‎ Don’t mention it. 不客气/不用谢(表示感谢的答语)。‎ not to mention＝without mentioning ‎ 更不必说；更谈不上　 ‎ ‎(2)at the mention of　　　　　　 一提到……‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Once the word “Lady” is mentioned, one sentence in The Book of Songs is sure to occur to your mind, that is, “Lovely is this noble lady, fit bride for our lord. ”　说到“淑女”相信大家一定会想起《诗经》中那句话： “窈窕淑女， 君子好逑。”‎ ‎ burst out　突然发生，突然……起来 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.He burst in without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.‎ b. He burst into the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.‎ ‎②At the news that my dad would be back from London this week, I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)When they heard the bad news that their son died in the earthquake, the couple burst__into__tears/burst__out__crying(突然哭起来)．‎ ‎④(高级表达)Hearing__the__bad__news that their son died in the earthquake, the couple burst__into__tears/burst__out__crying．(分词短语作状语)‎ burst out＋doing＝burst into＋n.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　 突然……起来 burst into (vt.) 闯入 burst in (vi.) 闯进来；插话 burst with joy/happiness/anger 非常高兴/勃然大怒 ‎[佳句背诵] His anger would burst out when things didn’t go as he’d expected.‎ 当事情不像他所希望的那样时，他就会发怒。(湖南卷)‎ ‎[词块助记] a burst of applause 一阵喝彩 21‎ the burst of a bomb 炸弹爆炸 burst in on a meeting 打断会议 ‎ keep in touch (with)　(与……)保持联系 ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①(湖南卷)Keeping(keep) in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship.‎ ‎②Write an email to someone you’ve been out of touch with for a while.‎ ‎[能力提升]——完成句子 ‎③我们很难联系上莉莉，因为自从毕业以后我们就相互没有联系过。‎ It is hard to get__in__touch__with Lily, for we haven’t__been__in__touch__with each other since graduation.‎ ‎④请留下电话号码，以防我们再次和你失去联系。‎ Please leave your phone number in case we lose__touch__with you again.‎ ‎(1)get in touch with sb.　 和某人取得联系(动作)‎ keep/be in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系(状态)‎ ‎(2)lose touch with sb. 和某人失去联系(动作)‎ be out of touch with sb. 和某人失去联系(状态)‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Believe it or not, I have been/kept in touch with him for ten years.‎ 信不信由你，十年来我和他一直保持联系。‎ ‎[名师点津] get in/lose touch with表示“短暂性动作”，不能与时间段连用， keep/be in touch with与be out of touch with表示状态和延续性，可以与时间段连用。‎ without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句 ‎(教材原句)It would have been impossible to find my daughter without the help of Friends Reunited.‎ 要是没有老友重聚网站的帮助，我就不可能找到我的女儿。‎ ‎[基础练习]——单句语法填空 ‎①a.(2019·江苏卷)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we would__have__had(have) a good time together.‎ b．(2017·天津卷)—Do you have Betty’s phone number?‎ ‎—Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn’t __have__been(be) able to reach her yesterday.‎ ‎②a.(2018·北京卷)Without his support, we wouldn’t be where we are now.‎ 21‎ b．(江苏卷) Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.‎ ‎[能力提升]——句式升级 ‎③(普通表达)I couldn’t finish the work in time if you didn’t help me.‎ ‎(高级表达)I__could__not__have__finished__the__work__in__time__without__your__help.(without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句)‎ ‎(1)在without引导的含蓄虚拟结构中，如果是与过去事实相反的假设，则主句谓语动词用would/could/might＋have done；与现在事实相反的假设，则主句谓语动词用would/could/might＋do。‎ ‎(2)含蓄虚拟条件句还可以用but for, otherwise, or, but等词(或词组)来引导。‎ ‎[佳句背诵] Additionally, without your help, I would not have been a top student in English and would not have won the English Speech Contest.‎ 另外，如果没有你的帮助，我就不会成为英语的尖子生，也不会赢得英语演讲比赛。(2019·浙江卷6月)‎ ‎[名师点津] otherwise, or构成的含蓄虚拟语气模式为“真实情况＋otherwise/or＋虚拟情况”；而but构成的含蓄虚拟语气模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。‎ 维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式 ‎1．We regret to__hear(hear) that nearly half of the people in that area still live below the poverty line.‎ ‎2．(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would__have__accomplished(accomplish) the task in half the time.‎ ‎3．On hearing the funny story, all the students couldn’t help bursting out laughing(laugh)．‎ ‎4．I was very late that morning on my way to school and afraid of being__scolded(scold)．‎ ‎5．Whenever I mention playing(play) football every weekend, he is always saying he’s too busy.‎ 维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词 ‎1．You use polite words; in return, these words will provide you with magic power.‎ 21‎ ‎2．I came across my primary school teacher this morning, with whom I have been out of touch for almost 20 years.‎ ‎3．The manager says he needs an assistant that he can count on to deal with the problems that may occur in his absence.‎ ‎4．Having been warned of the danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend following her.‎ ‎5. They two finally made up after two months’ time without even a single word.‎ 维度三　派生词练习 ‎1．At the party, they sat very close and had a close talk, but I didn’t know why they spoke to each other so closely．(close)‎ ‎2．Her husband is a moody man and his mood is always changeable. (mood)‎ ‎3．The teacher is considering making another plan. She is very considerate and will take money into consideration,__too.(consider)‎ ‎4．The scientists in America predict that the previous predictions that the Greek scholars made won’t turn into reality.(predict)‎ ‎5．You can choose to forgive someone who has hurt you even if they do not deserve or ask for forgiveness．(forgive)‎ ‎6．Tom regretted playing computer games. Therefore, after entering high school, he felt regretful for the time he had wasted playing computer games and studied hard to make up for it. (regret)‎ 维度四　完成句子/句型转换/一句多译 ‎1．我清楚地记得我第一次在公共场合发言的情景。(the first time)‎ I vividly remember the__first__time__I__spoke__in__public．‎ ‎2．We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time, and if we knew you were in trouble at that time, we would have given you a hand.‎ ‎→We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time, or/otherwise__we__would__have__given__you__a__hand．‎ ‎3．If it hadn’t been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.‎ ‎→But__for__your__help,__we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.‎ ‎→Without__your__help,__we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.‎ ‎4．突然大哭和突然大笑对你的健康都有害。‎ ‎①Both__bursting__into__tears__and__bursting__into__laughter__do__harm__to 21‎ ‎ your health.‎ ‎②Both__bursting__out__crying__and__bursting__out__laughing__do__harm__to your health. ‎ 提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)‎ True friends double your good mood and reduce your burdens. 1.Basically(basic) how you would like a true friend to be is what you should be like to your true friends. Trust, 2.forgiveness(forgive), responsibility are some tiny elements of a true friendship. True perfect friendships are hard 3.to__achieve(achieve). And what’s 4.more(much), life is short. So treasure these friends if you already have them. I got through very difficult times once. Knocked 5.over by a truck all at once, I had to stay in bed. With the driver 6.fleeing(flee), I lost interest in everything and didn’t want to keep 7.in touch with my classmates. It was my good friends 8.that helped me out and I dare say, without my friends, I would not 9.have__overcome(overcome) it. Friendships need lots of energy and patience to maintain. When your friend needs you, you must make every effort to help him/her. At the same time, your friendship will 10.be__made(make) stronger.‎ 提能二　话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)‎ 假定你是李华，你和你的朋友因一件小事发生了争吵，你在思考之后决定向他道歉，请按以下要点写作：①提出道歉；②说明原因；③再次道歉，表示和解的期望。‎ ‎1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)‎ ‎①因为昨天和你争吵我想向你道歉。‎ I’d like to convey my apology to you for quarreling__with__you yesterday. ‎ ‎②我对我粗鲁的话语感到惭愧，我的话让你很受伤。‎ I am__ashamed__of__my__rude__words,__which __made__you__really__hurt．‎ ‎③如果不是我的粗鲁，你就不会生气。(虚拟语气)‎ If it had not been for my rudeness, you would__not__have__burst__into__anger．‎ ‎④很长时间以来我和你关系很好，我不想失去我们的友谊。‎ I have__been__on__good__terms__with__you for a long time, and I don’t want to lose our friendship.‎ ‎⑤你总是对我很体贴，而且我们能彼此信任和依赖。‎ You are always so considerate__to__me and we can trust__and__count__on__each__other．‎ 21‎ ‎⑥我发自内心地向你道歉。‎ I say sorry to you from__the__bottom__of__my__heart. ‎ ‎⑦我真的希望你能宽恕我并与我和好。‎ I do hope you can forgive__me__and__make__up__with__me．‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎⑧用but for 引导的虚拟语气升级句③‎ But__for__my__rudeness,__you__would__not__have__burst__into__anger.‎ ‎⑨用分词作状语升级句④‎ Having__been__on__good__terms__with__you__for__a__long__time,__I__don’t__want__to__lose__our__friendship.‎ ‎3．衔接成美文(注意用适当的过渡衔接词汇：again)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ I’d like to convey my apology to you for quarreling with you yesterday. I am ashamed of my rude words, which made you really hurt. But for my rudeness, you would not have burst into anger.‎ Having been on good terms with you for a long time, I don’t want to lose our friendship. You are always so considerate to me and we can trust and count on each other. Again, I say sorry to you from the bottom of my heart. I do hope you can forgive me and make up with me.‎ ‎ (建议用时：45分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·福建质量检查测试)My neighbor Orlando is a paramedic(护理人员). He and his wife are some of the nicest people I have ever met. A few years back we started this sort of “favor war”， where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling(铲) his driveway or helping him build a shed, and next time the other 21‎ ‎ would try to top it with another favor.‎ Yesterday morning there was maybe 2 or 3 feet of snow on the ground and I remembered he shoveled my driveway for me last snowfall. So I took out my shovel and took care of both our sidewalks and driveways because it was my turn to do a favor back. It took a while but I finished and got into my car for work. What I didn’t realize was that Orlando had to work that day too.‎ Fast forward to this morning I got a knock on my door. It was him. He immediately shook my hand and informed me that because I shoveled his driveway and sidewalk for him, he was able to get to work earlier. As soon as he started his shift, a call came through that a young boy was in a medical emergency. Luckily he and his partner were only about 2 minutes away, but the next closest ambulance was in 10 minutes. This kid did not have 10 minutes. He barely had 2 minutes. Because my neighbor got to work sooner, the young boy got to live his life.‎ This isn’t a brag(吹嘘). This is to inform others that even the smallest favors can have the biggest impacts. It wasn’t too much of trouble to shovel his driveway for him, but because I did, the young kid got to see his family again, go back to school again, talk to his friends again and live his life.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和邻居Orlando总是互相帮助，这次下雪，“我”帮助他铲除了道路上的积雪，让他能很快去上班。一个等待急救的男孩在他的及时救治下摆脱了危险。“我”的善举救了孩子一命。‎ ‎1．What can we know about the writer and Orlando?‎ A．They once had a conflict.‎ B．They signed a favorable agreement.‎ C．They favor shoveling snow together.‎ D．They are always ready to help each other.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“A few years back we started this sort of ‘favor war’， where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling(铲) his driveway or helping him build a shed, and next time the other would try to top it with another favor.”可知，几年前我们就开始这种“互助活动”，一个人帮助另一个人之后，下一次便由对方提供帮助；据此可知，作者和Orlando总是乐意互相帮助，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．Who saved the boy before it was too late?‎ A．The writer.‎ B．The boy’s parents.‎ 21‎ C．Orlando and his wife.‎ D．Orlando and his partner.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“Luckily he and his partner were only about 2 minutes away, but the next closest ambulance was in 10 minutes.”，并结合该段内容可知，Orlando和他的搭档离医院只有大约两分钟的车程，他们很快上班挽救了男孩的生命，故D项正确。‎ ‎3．What does the writer intend to tell us?‎ A．Never ask for trouble.‎ B．No favor is too small.‎ C．One cannot always be lucky.‎ D．Don’t lose heart in an emergency.‎ B　解析：写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是尾段第二句“This is to inform others that even the smallest favors can have the biggest impacts.”可知，本文是为了告诉读者，即使是最小的帮助也能产生最大的影响，故B项正确。‎ B ‎(2020·太原模拟)Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problemsolving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.‎ The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote”. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.‎ The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the storekeeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. ‎ 21‎ Without any further directives(指示), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.‎ Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It’s a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。童话故事不但可以娱乐孩子们，还能让机器人拥有道德观念，使其更好地为人类服务。‎ ‎4．What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?‎ A．They entertain robots.‎ B．They highlight dangers.‎ C．They make robots more intelligent.‎ D．They enable robots to behave morally.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart”可知，童话故事可以作为道德经验让人工智能机器人的行为符合道德规范，故D项正确。‎ ‎5．What is “Quixote” in the text?‎ A．A punishment system.‎ B．A character in literature.‎ C．A big name in technology.‎ D．A kind of software educating robots.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“This system is called ‘Quixote’. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.”可知，这个系统被称为“Quixote”；它从互联网上收集故事情节，然后用这些故事来教育机器人如何规范行为，由此可知，Quixote是一种教育机器人的软件，故D项正确。‎ ‎6．What does the designer expect robots to do in the experiment?‎ A．To take advantage of its privilege.‎ B．To finish the task most efficiently.‎ 21‎ C．To perform in a wellmannered way.‎ D．To be rewarded by the storekeeper.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可推知，设计者希望机器人在实验中的行为能符合道德规范，故C项正确。‎ ‎7．Which of the following can best express the author’s opinion?‎ A．Robots will definitely have more functions.‎ B．Robots with humans’ emotions are perfect.‎ C．Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.‎ D．The development of robots is still in a baby step.‎ C　解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可知，我们认为人工智能必须接受培训以适应特定社会的价值观，这样做，它将努力避免不可接受的行为。据此可推知，训练机器人让其行为符合社会规范是必要的，故C项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·兰州高三诊断)When I was a kid, my parents sent me to a summer camp in New Hampshire. At the camp we did tons of great things like swimming, sports and archery(射箭), but for me, the most memorable __1__ was an overnight trip of mountain climbing. If you’ve ever __2__ a mountain, you know it’s a physical challenge, __3__when you’re carrying your food and shelter on your back. When campers got __4__， they certainly started complaining.‎ ‎“How much farther is it？”‎ ‎“I can’t go any further.”‎ ‎“My __5__ is too heavy. Can you carry it for me？”‎ The reply of the __6__was, “Suck it up.(别抱怨)”. The truth is that the complaining campers were __7__ near the point of __8__. If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the __9__ and given them care. The kids simply weren’t used to the physical challenge. Once they realized they weren’t getting any sympathy, they __10__ the discomfort, and in most cases __11__ having a great time. In my camp days, I don’t __12__ a single camper complaining at the __13__ of the mountain.‎ There are two ways to deal with an __14__ situation. You can complain, or you can make the best of it. If you complain, you might feel like you’re getting that ‎ 21‎ ‎__15__ energy out, but you’re probably not going to cause a positive change. It’s much more likely that your complaining will cause the __16__ of those around you. No one likes a complainer. They’re __17__ and they hurt the group. Complaining makes life __18__ for everyone. Instead, if you determine to master your own __19__， to move past it and focus on a __20__， it’s my experience that you’ll realize it wasn’t bad in the first place.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。“我”小时候参加了一个夏令营，和其他人一起参加夜晚登山露营活动。登山过程中，有人会抱怨走不动了；但是后来“我”发现，如果我们停止抱怨，坚持下去，我们的道路并没有那么难走。‎ ‎1．A.experience　　　　　　　　 B．behaviour C．occasion D．situation A　解析：根据该句中的“an overnight trip of mountain climbing”可知，此处表示这是最难以忘怀的一次经历。‎ ‎2．A.seen B．reached C．climbed D．described C　解析：根据上文中的“mountain climbing”可知，此处表示“爬山”。‎ ‎3．A.especially B．normally C．obviously D．naturally A　解析：根据语境可知，爬山是一种身体上的挑战，尤其是当你背着食物和露营装备的时候。‎ ‎4．A.ashamed B．tired C．puzzled D．shocked B　解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，当露营者累了的时候，他们开始抱怨。A项意为“羞愧”；B项意为“累的”；C项意为“困惑的”；D项意为“震惊的”。‎ ‎5．A.food B．water C．shelter D．backpack D　解析：根据上文中的“when you’re carrying your food and shelter on your back”可知，此处表示有人抱怨自己的背包太重。‎ ‎6．A.parents B．teachers C．guides D．partners B　解析：根据下文中的“the teachers would have noticed...care”可知，此处表示“老师们的回答”。‎ ‎7．A.somewhere B．anywhere C．nowhere D．everywhere 21‎ C　解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，事实是，抱怨的露营者远没有(nowhere)筋疲力尽(exhaustion)。‎ ‎8．A.camp B．exhaustion C．mountain D．destination B　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎9．A.signs B．activities C．gestures D．scenes A　解析：根据语境可知，如果有人筋疲力尽的话，老师们会注意到这种迹象，并且给予他们照顾。A项意为“迹象”；B项意为“活动”；C项意为“姿态”；D项意为“场面”。‎ ‎10．A.shared B．understood C．suffered D．overcame D　解析：根据语境可知，抱怨的人一旦意识到他们得不到同情，他们会克服不适，并且大多数情况下，最终玩得很开心。‎ ‎11．A.couldn’t help B．ended up C．insisted on D．gave up B　解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“忍不住做某事”；B项意为“到头来”；C项意为“坚持”；D项意为“放弃”。‎ ‎12．A.recall B．forget C．disturb D．forgive A　解析：根据上文中的“the most memorable”并结合语境可推知，“我”不记得(recall)在山顶(top)有人抱怨过。‎ ‎13．A.foot B．top C．back D．base B　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎14．A.unbelievable B．unexpected C．unusual D．unpleasant D　解析：根据下文中的“complain” “make the best of it”可知，有两种方式来应对不愉快的境况。A项意为“难以置信的”；B项意为“出乎意料”；C项意为“不寻常的”；D项意为“令人不快的”。‎ ‎15．A.great B．spare C．negative D．potential C　解析：根据语境可推知，如果你抱怨了，你也许会感到你正在将那些负面的能量释放出来，但是你很可能不会产生正面的改变。故选C。‎ ‎16．A.dislike B．respect 21‎ C．sympathy D．enthusiasm A　解析：根据下文中的“No one likes a complainer.”可推知，抱怨会引起周围的人(对你)的讨厌。A项意为“不喜欢”；B项意为“尊敬”；C项意为“同情”；D项意为“热情”。‎ ‎17．A.amazing B．shocking C．worrying D．annoying D　解析：根据该句中的“they hurt the group”可知，抱怨的人让人讨厌。A项意为“惊人的”；B项意为“令人震惊的”；C项意为“令人担忧的”；D项意为“讨厌的”。‎ ‎18．A.poorer B．harder C．easier D．better B　解析：根据语境并结合常识可推知，抱怨让每个人的生活更加艰难。故选B。‎ ‎19．A.life B．mind C．suffering D．mistake C　解析：根据语境可知，相反，据“我”的经验看，如果你决心去掌控你的痛苦(suffering)，越过它并集中注意力于解决方法(solution)，那么一开始你就会意识到它并不是那么糟糕。‎ ‎20．A.trip B．plan C．solution D．dream C　解析：参见上题解析。‎ Ⅲ.应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校成功举办了校园文化秀(the Campus Culture Show)。现在，请你按照以下要点给英国网友Wilson写一封邮件，分享这次活动。‎ ‎1．活动时间、地点；‎ ‎2．活动内容；‎ ‎3．活动感受。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．词数80左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear Wilson，‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 21‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua One possible version：‎ Dear__Wilson，‎ I’m writing to share our school’s Campus Culture Show held last Friday on the second floor of our school’s art center.‎ The event was meant to enrich students’ life. Art works including photography and calligraphy were exhibited, from which we could appreciate the beauty of our life and experience the attraction of Chinese characters. What impressed us most was the folk dance and local operas performed by students. Through these activities, we not only got relaxed but also exposed ourselves to traditional Chinese culture.‎ Looking forward to hearing from you again.‎ Yours，‎ Li__Hua 21‎