2020届二轮复习英语专题辅导专题5短文改错教师课件2

2020届二轮复习英语专题辅导专题5短文改错教师课件2

第 2 讲 　 句法类错误 ★ 错误类型 1 　主谓一致错误 1. 【解析 】 include→includes 。考查主谓一致。前面的 that 作主语 , 是一个单数 , 谓语动词应用单数。 2. 【解析 】 was→were 。考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知 , 此句是倒装句 , 句子主语是 voices or cars, 是复数 , 谓语动词也应用复数。 3. 【解析 】 were→was 。考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知 , 句子主语是 The man, 是单数 , 谓语动词应用单数。 【技法点金 】 1. 判断主语是关键 (1) 可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数。 (2) 动词 -ing 形式、不定式或名词性从句作主语时 , 谓语动词一般用单数。注意 : 名词性从句表示复数概念时 , 谓语动词应用复数。 (3) 遵循就近原则常见的有 : either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but also. . . , there be 等。 (4) 遵循就远原则常见的有 : together with, as well as, but, except 等。 (5) 在倒装句中要找出句子的主语从而判断谓语动词的单复数。 (6) 定语从句中的谓语动词要与定语从句所修饰的先行词保持一致。 2. 附加成分是难点 对于分隔现象 , 可利用“减一减”原则 : 先从整体上把握主干 , 再去掉句子中的插入语、附加成分等分隔干扰部分 , 使结构简化。 【过关检测 】 1. (2019 · 滁州一模 )The purposes of the program is to make our school more beautiful, and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in. ( ) is→are 2. (2019 · 洛阳三模 )Though my parents often ask her to quit the work, my grandma never listen. ( ) listen→listens 3. Selling newspapers not only makes some money but also give us some working experience during the summer vacation. ( ) 4. I, who is your teacher, will do my best to help you. ( ) give→gives is→am ★ 错误类型 2 　从句或固定句型误用 1. 【解析 】 what→that /which 。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知 . . . is created for them 为定语从句 , 修饰先行词 the historical environment, 先行词在定语从句中作主语 , 应用 that 或 which 。 2. 【解析 】 去掉 much 。考查固定句型。此处是 so. . . that. . . 句型 , 表示“如此 …… 以至于 …… ” 。 so 修饰后面的形容词 nervous, 所以 much 多余。 3. 【解析 】 第一个 that→what 。考查连接代词。分析句子结构可知 , what can’t be ignored 是主语从句 , 从句中缺少主语 , 应用 what 引导。 【技法点金 】 1. 牢记定语从句中只用 which 不用 that 的情况 (1) 引导非限制性定语从句时。 The building, which attracts many visitors, is designed by my father. (2) 位于介词后面时。 Great changes have taken place in the city in which they live. 2. 关注关系代词和关系副词误用 定语从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语时 , 应用关系代词 which 或 that; 从句中缺少定语时 , 应用关系代词 whose; 从句中缺少状语时 , 应用关系副词。 3. 牢记 that 和 what 引导名词性从句时的区别 that 引导名词性从句只起连接作用 , 在从句中不作任何成分 , 无意义 , 在宾语从句中通常省略 , 但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中均不能省略 ; what 除引导从句外 , 还在从句中作成分 , 意为“所 …… 的 ( 东西 )”, 在含义上等于“名词 +that” 。 4. 熟记状语从句的连词 the moment/minute/as soon as/immediately/directly; where; because/as/since; so/such. . . that; in case; though/although 等。 【过关检测 】 1. (2018 · 全国卷 Ⅰ) They also had a small pond which they raised fish. ( ) 2. (2017 · 全国卷 Ⅲ) Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. ( ) which→where 或 which 前加 in they→that 或 which 3. It’s a good feeling to know in our hearts we are doing our best in a world what is in serious trouble. ( ) 4. (2019 · 阜阳二模 )Secondly, manage our time wisely by setting up a study schedule, that can help us improve our learning efficiency. ( ) what→that /which that→which