【英语】2018届二轮复习连词学案(4页)

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【英语】2018届二轮复习连词学案(4页)

‎2018届 二轮复习 连词 一、概说 ‎ 连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如and, but, or, for等;从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等),引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等,引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。‎ 二、并列连词的用法 ‎ ‎◆ 1. 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 but, yet 等。如: ‎ Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who. 有人借了我的钢笔,但我不记得是谁了。 ‎ He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn’t help us. 他说他是我们的朋友,但却不肯帮助我们。‎ ‎◆ 2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 for, so 等。如:‎ The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳得很利害,所以他妈妈带他去看医生。 ‎ You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors. 你们一定要克服粗枝大叶,因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误。‎ ‎ 注意:for表示结果通常不能放句首,也不能单独使用。 ‎ ‎◆ 3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 and , or , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but (also) , both…and , aswell as 等。如:‎ ‎        He didn’t go and she didn’t go either. 他没去,她也没去。 ‎ ‎        The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖,不冷也不热。 ‎ 三、从属连词的用法 ‎ ‎◆ 1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 ‎ ‎(1) 表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。如: ‎ Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 ‎ Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。 ‎ ‎(2) 表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。如: ‎ Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。 ‎ After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。 ‎ ‎(3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。如: ‎ Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (谚) 不要无事惹事。 ‎ ‎(4) 表示“一…就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如:‎ I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。‎ ‎(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(随时),(the) last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如:‎ We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候,我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。 ‎ You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。‎ 注意:every time, each time, any time前不用冠词,(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略,而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略 ‎ ‎◆ 2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。如: ‎ Do you mind if I open the window? 我开窗你不介意吧? ‎ ‎ 注意:在条件状语从句中,通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态。不过,有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will,但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如: ‎ ‎      If you will sit down for a few moments, I’ll tell the manager you’re here. 请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了。‎ ‎  ◆ 3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如: ‎ He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音,以便每个人都能听见。 ‎ Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带上雨伞,以防下雨。‎ ‎◆ 4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等。如: ‎ I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位.‎ ‎◆ 5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。如:‎ He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我,因为我是新来的。‎ ‎◆ 6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。如:‎ I like her even though she can be annoying. 尽管她有时很恼人, 但我还是喜欢她 ‎◆ 7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though, the way等。如: ‎ Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?‎ Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。  ◆ 8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。如: ‎ The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。‎ ‎◆ 9. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和as…as。如: ‎ She was now happier than she had ever been. 现在她比过去任何时候都快活。‎ ‎◆ 10. 引导名词从句的从属连词。主要有that, whether, if 等,它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that ‎ 不仅不充当句子成分,而且没有词义,在句子中只起连接作用;而 if, whether 虽不充当句子成分,但有词义,即表示“是否”。如: ‎ He replied that he was going by train. 他回答说他将坐火车去。‎
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