【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案十九：世界与环境

【英语】2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案十九：世界与环境

‎2020届二轮复习 阅读理解专题话题训练学案十九：世界与环境 Part A　Reading　‎ Passage 1‎ 题材:环境问题　词数:690　建议时间:13分钟 Old Problem, New Approaches While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak.So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.‎ When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process.We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.”Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost. ‎ Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries.Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.His not-for-profit organization runs 100‎ ‎ river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways.But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.‎ Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken.Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man.The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops.Norphel’s inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed.He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water.Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3 of water.Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphel’s ice reserves will not last forever.Warming will overtake them.But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.‎ ‎　　Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet.In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to ‎ space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region.While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased.This example should act as an inspiration for all cities.By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.‎ In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.The outcome is still far from clear.But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”.‎ More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere.A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria.Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping.But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops.Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently.This is common sense.But some suggestions for adapting are not.When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.‎ Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.But the most sensible form of adaptation is ‎ surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.‎ ‎1.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies 　　　. ‎ A.adaptation is an ever-changing process B.the cost of adaptation varies with time C.global warming affects adaptation forms D.adaptation to climate change is challenging ‎2.What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?‎ A.The project receives government support.‎ B.Different organizations work with each other.‎ C.His organization makes the best of a bad situation.‎ D.The project connects flooded roads and highways.‎ ‎3.What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?‎ A.Storing ice for future use.‎ B.Protecting the glaciers from melting.‎ C.Changing the irrigation time.‎ D.Postponing the melting of the glaciers.‎ ‎4.What do we learn from the Peru example?‎ A.White paint is usually safe for buildings.‎ B.The global warming trend cannot be stopped.‎ C.This country is heating up too quickly.‎ D.Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.‎ ‎5.According to the author, polluting industries should 　　　. ‎ A.adapt to carbon pollution B.plant highly profitable crops C.leave carbon emission alone D.fight against carbon pollution ‎6.What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?‎ A.Setting up a new standard.‎ B.Reducing carbon emission.‎ C.Adapting to climate change.‎ D.Monitoring polluting industries.‎ Passage 2‎ 题材:社会生活　词数:317　建议时间:8分钟 In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的)people.Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地)of the French Republic since 1946.In theory, they should live by the French law.However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of“lawlessness” in the world.‎ The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the ‎ efforts of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.‎ ‎“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,”says Gin.“I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I don’t see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”‎ ‎“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,”continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”‎ His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.‎ ‎1.Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?‎ A.They seldom follow the French law.‎ B.They often ignore the Guianese law.‎ C.They are separated from the modern world.‎ D.They are both Guianese and French citizens.‎ ‎2.Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as 　　　. ‎ A.a tour guide B.a geographer C.a film director D.a photographer ‎3.What is Gin’s attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?‎ A.Cautious. B.Doubtful. C.Uninterested. D.Appreciative.‎ ‎4.What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?‎ A.The modern French lifestyle. B.The self-supporting hunting.‎ C.The uncivilized world. D.The French Republic.‎ Part B　Writing　‎ 一、话题语料积累 ‎　　1.话题词汇积累 ‎①　　　　　　[ˈjʊərəp]n.欧洲 ‎ ‎②　　　　　　[ˌəʊsiˈɑːniə]n.大洋洲 ‎ ‎③　　　　　　[ˈiːdʒɪpt]n.埃及 ‎ ‎④　　　　　　[ˈɪŋɡlənd]n.英格兰 ‎ ‎⑤　　　　　　[ˈkænədə]n.加拿大 ‎ ‎⑥　　　　　　[frɑːns]n.法国 ‎ ‎⑦　　　　　　[ˈdʒɜːmənɪ]n.德国 ‎ ‎⑧　　　　　　[ˈɡriːs]n.希腊 ‎ ‎⑨　　　　　　[ˈɪndɪə]n.印度 ‎ ‎⑩　　　　　　[ˈaɪələnd]n.爱尔兰 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈɪtəlɪ]n.意大利 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[dʒəˈpæn]n.日本 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈlʌndən]n.伦敦 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈmɔskəʊ]n.莫斯科 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈtʃaɪnə]n.中国 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈpærɪs]n.巴黎 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈrʌʃə]n.俄罗斯,俄国 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈskɔtlənd]n.苏格兰 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[speɪn]n.西班牙 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈswɪtsələnd]n.瑞士 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[tɪˈbet]n.西藏 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈtəʊkjəʊ]n.东京 ‎ ‎　　　　　　n.英国,联合王国 ‎ ‎　　　　　　n.联合国 ‎ ‎　　　　　　n.美国(美利坚合众国) ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈpɔːtʃʊɡl]n.葡萄牙 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈdenmɑːk]n.丹麦 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈneɪvi]n.海军 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[piːs]n.和平 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[welɵ]n.财产,财富 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈrʌbɪʃ]n.垃圾;废物 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈpɔɪzn]n.毒药 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ɔɪl]n.石油 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈpetrəl]n.汽油 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[kəʊl]n.煤;煤块 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈɒksɪdʒən]n.氧;氧气 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˌɪndɪˈpendəns]n.独立 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[pəˈluːʃn]n.污染 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[sɪˈkjʊərəti]n.安全 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti]n.责任,职责 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈkemɪkl]n.化学制品,化学药品 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[daɪˈɒksaɪd]n.二氧化物 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt]n.环境 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈɔːdə]n.次序,条理,命令,订单 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈpredʒudɪs]n.偏见,成见 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈʃædəʊ]n.影子,阴影 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[səˈspenʃn]n.暂停,延期 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[reɪs]n.种族,民族 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈbenɪfɪt]n.利益,好处 ‎ ‎　　　　　　[ˈhɑːməni]n.协调,融洽 ‎ ‎2.话题佳句积累 ‎①Governments of many countries have passed laws to protect the air, forests and sea resources and to stop 　　　(environment) pollution.许多国家的政府已经通过法律来保护空气、森林和海洋资源,并停止环境污染。 ‎ ‎②　　　 the shade from trees, the Earth would get too hot to live on.没有树荫的话,地球会变得太热而不能生存。 ‎ ‎③If we don’t save water, the last drop of water 　　　(be) a teardrop of us.如果我们不节约水的话,最后一滴水将是我们的眼泪。 ‎ ‎④We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and 　　　(healthy) in the future.为了在未来更好更健康地生活我们应该种越来越多的树。 ‎ 二、综合练习 ‎1.词句练习 ‎(1)根据短文意思,用所给词语的适当形式填空 call on　die out　smoke　prevent　pollute　attention deal with　health　cause　raise ‎ With the development of modern society,pollution ①　　　by human activities is becoming a more and more serious problem. ‎ ‎②　　　from factories and gases from vehicles are the main reasons for air pollution.Rivers are ③　　　 when people throw waste into them, or when factories pour waste water into them.Modern lifestyle and modern ways of production also cause noise pollution.As a result, ‎ many species are ④　　　.More and more people are suffering from ⑤　　　 problems. ‎ Enough ⑥　　　 should be paid to this problem and measures should be taken.Firstly, we should make laws to ⑦　　　factories from pouring waste water into rivers and discharging smoke into the air without ⑧　　　.Secondly, we should ⑨　　　people’s awareness of the serious problem and ⑩　　　 more people to protect the environment.Only by working together can we help the environment! ‎ ‎(2)翻译句子 ‎①政府必须采取措施来保护海洋。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎②我们应阻止工厂排放有害气体。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎③煤能用来发电以供应工业和农业(使用)。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎④法国南部的夏天通常晴朗干燥。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑤世界由七大洲四大洋组成。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑥我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。 ‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑦除了欧洲您还知道哪些大洲吗?‎ ‎  ‎ ‎⑧我们希望我们的世界变得越来越美好。‎ ‎  ‎ ‎2.段落练习 阅读下面各句,并根据其意思之间的联系组成一篇文理通顺的短文。‎ ‎①As students, we have the responsibility to change our lifestyle to fit the world better.‎ ‎②Secondly, don’t take the elevator unless it is necessary.Using stairs does good to both your health and the environment.‎ ‎③Thirdly, remember to bring your own shopping bags when you go to the supermarket.‎ ‎④Let’s take action and be low-carbon people!‎ ‎⑤Lastly, go to school on foot or by bicycle.Buses produce carbon, too.‎ ‎⑥Firstly, wash your clothes by hand instead of using washing machines.‎ ‎⑦With the global warming getting worse, more people choose to live a low-carbon life for the purpose of reducing greenhouse gases.‎ ‎　　⑧The following are some small things that may lead to big ‎ improvement of the environment.‎ 组成短文后的正确顺序为:　　　　　　 ‎ ‎3.篇章练习 假如你是红星中学高二(1)班的李华,下面四幅图描述了近期你看到骑公共自行车“绿色出行”的宣传后所采取的行动。请根据图片的先后顺序,为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文。‎ ‎ ‎ 单选模拟仿真练　‎ ‎1. —What do you think of your new iPad?‎ ‎—Good.I don’t think I can find a　　　　 one. ‎ A.worst B.best C.worse D.better ‎2. —I’ll be down in two minutes!‎ ‎—OK.I’ll wait until you　　　　ready. ‎ A.will be B.are C.would be D.were ‎3.Don’t use your mobile phone while charging, 　　　　 you may be shocked by electricity. ‎ A.or B.and C.but D.yet ‎4.You can complain, but I doubt 　　　　it will make any difference. ‎ A.that B.whether C.why D.when ‎5.—Have you heard of the accident on this road last night?‎ ‎—Yes.And there　　　　three accidents here so far this year. ‎ A.are B.were C.have been D.had been ‎6.Doctors always advise us　　　　 plenty of water to stay healthy. ‎ A.drunk B.drinking C.drink D.to drink ‎7.No matter how busy he is, Tom makes　　　　a rule to see his parents every week. ‎ A.this B.that C.it D.him ‎8. —Can I come over in an hour?‎ ‎—Sorry, I　　　　 the house. ‎ A.will clean B.am cleaning C.clean D.will be cleaning ‎9.This restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere 　　　　 many others are short of. ‎ A.where B.when C.that D.what ‎10.—Can I smoke here?‎ ‎—No.Go to the smoking section, if you 　　　　. ‎ A.must B.can C.shall D.may ‎11. —Have they got our car repaired?‎ ‎—I don’t know.But it 　　　　 when I called them yesterday. ‎ A.would repair B.was repaired C.had repaired D.was being repaired ‎12. When 　　　　about the reason for winning the prize, the girl owed the success to her teachers. ‎ A.asked B.asking C.being asked D.having asked ‎13.With our country entering an aging society,　　　　 the retirement age is probably unavoidable. ‎ A.having delayed B.delaying C.being delayed D.to be delayed ‎14. The new policy allows a couple to have a second birth 　　　　 either is an only child. ‎ ‎ A.though B.if C.unless D.until ‎15. But for the mistakes he made, Li Ming　　　　 the entrance exam last year. ‎ A.would have passed B.will pass C.would pass D.will have passed 答案Topic 19　世界与环境 Part A　Reading Passage 1‎ ‎[高级语块]‎ ‎1.when it comes to说到,谈到 ‎2.fall victim to受伤;被害 ‎3.have no choice but to do sth.除了……之外别无选择 ‎[高级句式 ]‎ ‎1.In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.(句子主干为farmers have begun painting the peak white,farmers分别由local和介词短语around...修饰,第一个that引导定语从句;第二个that引导同位语从句) ‎ ‎2.When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.(when引导的状语从句中 that引导宾语从句作argue的宾语;it’s a nonsense为句子主干,过去分词短语designed.作定语修饰nonsense。) ‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文为议论文,题材为环境问题类。话题为“老问题,新方法”——‎ 适应我们所面临的严峻的气候环境,而且要意识到环境的改变和适应环境是一个过程。‎ ‎1.A　猜测词义题。根据第二段首句 When it comes to adaptation,it is important to understand that climate change is a process.可知气候的改变是一个不断变化的过程。再结合后面几段给出的事例可知,适应也是一个不断变化的过程,由此可推断出画线部分意为adaptation is an ever-changing process,故答案为A项。‎ ‎2.C　推理判断题。根据第三段第三句Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.及后面的描述可知他的非营利组织在充分利用糟糕的环境,故正确答案为C项。本题干扰项为D项,由第三段第五句Rezwan is creating floating connectivity to replace flooded roads and highways.可知D项错误。‎ ‎3.A　细节理解题。根据第四段第六句He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.可知A项正确。‎ ‎4.D　推理判断题。根据第六段首句In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.可推断出答案为D。‎ ‎5.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.可推知D项为正确答案。‎ ‎6.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.可知最明智的适应应该是改变我们的能量体系以减少碳排放污染,故D项正确。‎ Passage 2‎ ‎[高级语块]‎ ‎1.be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事 ‎2.gain access to可以进入 ‎3.thanks to多亏,由于 ‎[高级句式 ]‎ ‎1.Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.(动名词短语作宾语,which引导非限制性定语从句,with的复合结构作状语) ‎ ‎2.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.(show后为省略了that的宾语从句,其中that引导定语从句,修饰a world) ‎ ‎[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文,题材为社会生活类。在远离法国本土的圭亚那的热带雨林深处还有一些法属土著居民。一个巴黎人用自己的黑白镜头记录下了这个部落的人们的自由生活。‎ ‎1.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social ‎ customs.(让人惊讶的是,这些人很大程度上根据他们自己的法律和社会习俗生活。)”可推知,他们很少遵守法国法律,故答案为A项。‎ ‎2.D　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的a photographic record可知Gin是以一个摄影师的身份来向人们介绍这些土著居民的,故答案为D项。A项:一个导游;B项:一个地理学家;C项:一位电影导演。‎ ‎3.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的描述“我看到的不是一个目无法律的世界,而是一片自由的乐土。”可推断出摄影师Gin是非常喜欢这个部落的生活的。所以答案为D项。 cautious小心的,谨慎的;doubtful怀疑的,不确定的;uninterested不感兴趣的;appreciative 欣赏的,感激的。‎ ‎4.A　猜测词义题。which引导的是非限制性定语从句,该从句的意思是:伴随着这种生活方式不但带来了必要的国家福利,而且也带来了酗酒、背叛甚至还带来了自杀。由此推断出画线的it指的是现代的法国生活方式,所以答案为A项。B项:自给自足的狩猎方式;C项:未开化的世界;D项:法兰西共和国。‎ Part B　Writing 一、话题语料积累 ‎1.话题词汇积累 ‎①Europe　②Oceania　③Egypt　④England　⑤Canada　⑥France ‎⑦Germany　⑧Greece　⑨India　⑩Ireland　Italy　Japan London　Moscow　China　Paris　 Russia　 Scotland Spain　Switzerland　Tibet　Tokyo　the United Kingdom the United Nations　the United States of America　Portugal Denmark　navy　peace　wealth　 rubbish　 poison oil　petrol　coal　oxygen　independence　pollution security　responsibility　chemical　dioxide　environment　‎ order　prejudice　shadow　suspension　 race　 benefit　 harmony ‎2.话题佳句积累 ‎①environmental　②Without　③will be　④healthier 二、综合练习 ‎1.词句练习 ‎(1)①caused　②Smoke　③polluted　④dying out　⑤health ⑥attention　⑦prevent　⑧being dealt with　⑨raise　⑩call on ‎(2)①The governments must take measures to protect the ocean. ②We should stop factories from discharging harmful gases.‎ ‎③Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. ④Summers in the south of France are usually dry and sunny.‎ ‎⑤The earth is made up of seven continents and four oceans. ⑥We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.‎ ‎⑦Do you know other continents besides Europe? ⑧We hope our world will be more and more beautiful.‎ ‎2.段落练习 ‎⑦-①-⑧-⑥-②-③-⑤-④‎ ‎3.篇章练习 One possible version:‎ Being driven by my father to school one day, I suddenly noticed many public bicycles parked along the road in my neighborhood.Behind them on the wall was a sign reading “Green Travel”.Feeling it my duty to do something, I told my father that I would give up his car and rent a bike instead.‎ Back home that day, I searched the Internet for information about how and where to rent a bike.I found out that there was a rental service nearby, where I could apply for a rental card.The next day I headed toward it immediately after school.To be honest, I was a bit surprised to find quite a few people lining up there for the cards.I joined them and finally got one.The next day I first rode a bike to the subway station and then took the subway to school.‎ The bicycle seat is not as comfortable as a car seat, but I feel proud that I am doing something for the environment.‎ 单选模拟仿真练 ‎1—5 DBABC　6—10 DCDCA　11—15 DABBA