2021届高考英语一轮总复习Book5Unit4Makingthenews课时跟踪练 人教版

2021届高考英语一轮总复习Book5Unit4Makingthenews课时跟踪练 人教版

课时跟踪练24 Unit 4 Making the news Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Britain faces social problems as lots of people are set to lose their jobs in technological revolution, Bank of England's chief economist warned.‎ Andy Haldane said the socalled Fourth Industrial Revolution will make the machine replace humans to do thinking things.The dark side of the change could be a much bigger breakdown of employment than in Victorian times, with professions such as accountancy (会计) among those at risk.‎ A report by the accountancy firm PwC last month warned that more than 7 million jobs in Britain had been lost over the next 20 years as technological change sweeps through workplaces.‎ The majority of these are in jobs in the retail, transport and manufacturing industries.However, other traditional professional sectors could also be at serious risk.‎ Economists treat the arrival of increasingly intelligent computers and robots as the Fourth Industrial Revolution.The first was the shift from agricultural to urban societies.The second saw the widespread use of electricity and steel, and the third was the digital revolution when computers, the Internet and mobile phones were developed.‎ Mr Haldane said the hollowingout (空洞化) experienced in the past years could be on a greater scale in the future, so it is important to learn the lessons of history and insure that people are given training to take advantage of new opportunities.‎ ‎“Jobs were effectively taken by machines of various types, there was a hollowingout of the job market, which left many people for a long period out of work and struggling to make a living，” Haldane added, “That heightened social and financial tensions, and led to a rise in inequality.This is the dark side of technological revolution.”‎ ‎“That hollowingout is going to be potentially on a much greater scale in the future, when we have machines thinking and doing the cognitive and technical skills of humans.” Mr Haldane said professions like accountancy could be among those hardest hit by the rise of AI.But he suggested economists could escape.‎ - 8 -‎ ‎1．What is the dark side mentioned in the text?‎ A．The hollowingout has become a major social problem.‎ B．Less and less people have the desire to learn accountancy.‎ C．Intelligent computers and robots decrease good workers.‎ D．The technological revolution causes people to lose jobs.‎ ‎2．Why are economists the lucky dogs in the new technological revolution?‎ A．The study about economy is at a low level.‎ B．Economists work on a traditional professional job.‎ C．There is no machine that can work as an economist.‎ D．Economists have the chance to avoid technological revolution.‎ ‎3．What should be done to deal with the serious situation?‎ A．Call for people to devote more to studying history.‎ B．Teach people to grasp the chances technological revolution brings about.‎ C．Warn people not to work on transport and manufacturing industries.‎ D．Ask workers to develop and think as the intelligent computers and robots do.‎ ‎4．What attitude did Haldane have toward the future employment?‎ A．Positive.　　　　 B．Aggressive.‎ C．Critical. D．Worried.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文介绍了新技术革命给经济领域带来了很大影响，会产生严重的失业问题。同时，本文也鼓励人们应该把握新的机遇去创造更多的就业机会。‎ ‎1．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Britain faces social problems as lots of people are set to lose their jobs in technological revolution”以及第二段中的“The dark side of the change could be a much bigger breakdown of employment than in Victorian times, with...among those at risk.”可知，这次改变的阴暗面是将会引发比维多利亚时期更严重的就业问题。故选D项。‎ 答案：D ‎2．解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，人们之所以会失业，是因为新技术创造出来的机器会替代人们从事很多方面的工作。反之，经济学家能够幸免是因为目前还没有一项技术能扮演他们的角色。故选C项。‎ 答案：C ‎3．解析：细节理解题。根据第六段“Mr Haldane said the hollowingout experienced in the past years...take advantage of new opportunities.”‎ - 8 -‎ 可知，过去经历的空洞化在将来的规模会更大，因此从历史中吸取教训并确保人们能够充分地把握住新的机会是很重要的。故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎4．解析：推理判断题。文章多处提到霍尔丹担心新技术革命造成人们失业的现象在未来会越来越严重，由此可知，霍尔丹对于未来的就业形势是担忧的。故选D项。‎ 答案：D B It is estimated that more than half the world's population is bilingual (双语的), and in an increasingly globalizing world, there are obvious benefits of speaking more than one language.However, for many years, parents were advised not to teach their children to speak more than one language from birth.Learning two or more languages simultaneously (同时) was believed to cause confusion and slow down academic development.While it is certainly true that children who are learning to speak more than one language as their mother tongue will often mix the languages up or speak a little later, these are temporary problems, and there is no reason to avoid teaching a child more than one language.‎ In fact, there are plenty of reasons to encourage your child to become bilingual from birth.As well as the obvious benefits of being able to communicate with more people, and the possibility of earning more money, children who speak more than one language have been shown to score more highly in achievement tests at school.This is true for mathematics as well as tests of verbal (言语的) skills.‎ And in later life it has been found that bilinguals, on average, will tend to develop Alzheimer's disease five years later than monolingual speakers.Speaking three or more languages offers even more protection.It seems that the increased number of connections within the brain allows bilinguals to cope better with brain damage.‎ But is it too late if you haven't already learned a second language in childhood? It used to be thought that the adult brain was very fixed, but recent research has shown that we continue to develop new connections in the brain throughout our lives, meaning that it's perfectly possible to learn another language to a high standard.Older learners are less likely to have nativelike pronunciation, but they are better at learning vocabulary as they are able to use far more skills and strategies than children.And learning a language is like using a muscle—the more you use it, the stronger it gets, meaning that you will find your third language easier than your second and so on.‎ ‎5．Why shouldn't parents be discouraged from teaching their children to be a - 8 -‎ ‎ bilingual?‎ A．Children's confusion over two languages will not last long.‎ B．Children will not mistake one language for the other.‎ C．Parents should begin to teach a second language early.‎ D．Parents' guidance will help children tell two languages apart.‎ ‎6．Which of the following is NOT a possible benefit of being a bilingual?‎ A．A bilingual is less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease.‎ B．A bilingual child may do well in mathematics at school.‎ C．A bilingual will probably make more money.‎ D．A bilingual child owns relatively good language ability.‎ ‎7．Compared with children, adult language learners .‎ A．are slower at learning a second language B．are more skilled at building vocabulary C．are more likely to acquire a native accent D．are slower at making logic connections ‎8．What can be learned from the passage?‎ A．A bilingual child will speak both the languages badly later in his life.‎ B．Learning a second language certainly contributes to your body fitness.‎ C．Connections within adults' brain will permanently stop developing.‎ D．With each language learned, the learning process will become easier.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　文章论述了学习双语的好处，如延缓阿尔茨海默病的发生，使学习过程变得越来越容易等。‎ ‎5．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“these are temporary problems”可知，孩子因学两种语言而感到困惑的情况不会持续太久，因此家长不应该劝阻他们的孩子学习两种语言，故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎6．解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“And in later life it has been found that bilinguals，on average，will tend to develop Alzheimer's disease five years later than monolingual speakers.”可知，双语者比只说一种语言的人可能要晚五年得阿尔茨海默病，但这并不能说明双语者不太可能得阿尔茨海默病，故选A项。‎ 答案：A ‎7．解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Older learners are less likely to have nativelike pronunciation，but they are better at learning vocabulary as they are able to use far more skills and strategies than children.”‎ - 8 -‎ 可知，年龄较大的学习者不太可能学会像母语使用者一样的发音，但他们会在学习词汇方面做得更好，因为他们在这方面比儿童更擅长使用技能和策略，故选B项。‎ 答案：B ‎8．解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“And learning a language is like using a muscle—the more you use it，the stronger it gets，meaning that you will find your third language easier than your second and so on.”可知，学习一门语言就像使用肌肉——你用得越多，它就变得越强壮，这意味着你会发现学习第三语言会比学习第二语言更容易，即随着更多种语言的学习，学习过程将变得越来越容易，故选D项。‎ 答案：D Ⅱ.七选五 You keep your skin clean.You condition your hair.You are eating right.You are doing you can to look and feel great. 1 No matter what your age or shape, you should exercise daily.And there are many benefits of exercise.Let's look at some of the incredible benefits.‎ Exercise and Your Muscles The more muscle mass you have, the more calories you burn even when you're not exercising.Because guys have more muscle mass, they burn calories faster and lose weight more easily. 2 ‎ Exercise and Your Mood ‎ 3 Exercise can even produce changes of certain chemical levels in the body, which can have an effect on the state of mind.A recent national health and nutrition survey found that physically active people were half as likely to feel down as others.‎ Exercise and Colds Regular exercise appears to help jumpstart the immune system, thus helping to reduce the number of colds, flu, and other viruses. 4 If you're doing intense work hours every day, consider alternating them with walking and upperbody lifting.‎ ‎ 5 ‎ Exercise boosts blood flow to the brain and helps it receive oxygen and nutrients.The better shape you're in, the faster you fire brainwaves that are responsible for quick thinking.So, for example, if maths is a real problem, you may find that daily exercise helps to solve it.‎ A．Exercise and Work B．Exercise and Brainpower C．It can weaken your immunity to colds and other viruses.‎ - 8 -‎ D．So, girls need to work out daily to stay strong and in shape.‎ E．But are you missing out an important part of a healthier lifestyle?‎ F．Keep in mind, however, that too much exercise can have the opposite effect.‎ G．Research shows that regular exercise reduces symptoms of depression and enhances psychological fitness.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　在作者看来，无论你年龄大小都应该坚持锻炼身体。本文介绍了锻炼身体的若干益处。‎ ‎1．解析：文章开头部分提到一系列健康行为表现，而空后出现“exercise daily”，E项中的an important part of a healthier lifestyle正是对exercise的界定，并引出本文话题，故选E项。‎ 答案：E ‎2．解析：根据本段小标题Exercise and Your Muscles可知，本段话题是“锻炼和肌肉的关系”。另外，空前一句讲男孩的情况，故空处应讲女孩的情况，故选D项。‎ 答案：D ‎3．解析：根据本段小标题Exercise and Your Mood可知，本段的话题是“锻炼和情绪的关系”。开头应引入研究成果：坚持锻炼能够减轻沮丧的症状并促进心理健康。故选G项。‎ 答案：G ‎4．解析：根据空后的“If you're doing intense work hours every day，consider alternating them with walking and upperbody lifting.”可知，此处的语境出现了转折，如果每天的工作强度比较大，再做高强度的锻炼反而会适得其反，所以作者建议进行散步之类的强度小的活动，故选F项。‎ 答案：F ‎5．解析：根据本段中的“Exercise boosts blood flow to the brain and helps it receive oxygen and nutrients.”可知，本段的话题是“锻炼和智力的关系”，故B项为最佳小标题。‎ 答案：B Ⅲ.语法填空 In Hebei Province lies a vast forest called Saihanba.This green Great Wall，1. at its peak during the Qing Dynasty covered thousands of hectares.However, in 1863, the Qing Dynasty 2. (allow) farmers to reclaim land here, forests and wetlands were beginning to disappear.Saihanba became a barren (贫瘠的) desert.Then sandstorms plagued (困扰) Beijing, Tianjing and other northern China cities.‎ Saihanba is a combination of Chinese and Mongolian，3. (mean) “beautiful highlands”．Until the Qing Dynasty, it was a royal hunting land because of its cool - 8 -‎ ‎ summer weather and beautiful surroundings.But it had virtually disappeared by the end of the Qing Dynasty.‎ In fact, 57 years ago there was only one tree left.But without that tree, there 4. (be) no miracle of Saihanba today.In the early 1960s, over 350 foresters 5. (send) to this area to fight the desert.They were required 6. (rebuild) the forest in Saihanba.Few people, including the foresters themselves, believed they would succeed.‎ Their doubt disappeared, however, when they found the 200yearold tree, swaying alone in 7. wind.If one tree could survive here，8. could millions of trees, they thought.‎ After decades of hard work, two generations of the foresters have restored almost 80% of the original Saihanba forest.In 2017, they were awarded the 9. (high) environmental honour from the United Nations for their great 10. (contribute) to creating a greener world.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　河北省塞罕坝由一处水草丰沛、森林茂密、鸟兽繁集的天然名苑慢慢变成了荒漠。但从20世纪60年代早期起，经过数十年的努力，用两代人的青春和汗水，营造起万顷林海，这是人类改造自然的伟大创举和人间奇迹。‎ ‎1．解析：考查定语从句。句意为：这座绿色“长城”，在清朝时期其占地面积达到顶峰，占地数千公顷。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是This green Great Wall，设空处在从句中作主语，指物，只能用关系代词which。故填which。‎ 答案：which ‎2．解析：考查动词的时态。句意为：然而在1863年，清朝允许农民们在这里开垦土地，随之森林和湿地开始消失了。根据时间状语in 1863可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填allowed。‎ 答案：allowed ‎3．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：塞罕坝是蒙汉合璧语，意为“美丽的高岭”。本句已有系动词is，此处应用非谓语动词，mean的逻辑主语为主句的主语Saihanba，它们之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填meaning。‎ 答案：meaning ‎4．解析：考查虚拟语气。句意为：但是如果没有那棵树，也就没有塞罕坝今天的奇迹。根据空前的“without that tree”可知，此空应用虚拟语气，由空后的today可知，句子主干所表述的内容与现在事实相反。故填would be。‎ 答案：would be ‎5．解析：考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为：在20世纪60年代早期，350多名林务员被派到这个地区与沙漠做斗争。根据时间状语In the early 1960s - 8 -‎ 可知，本句应用一般过去时，再结合语境可知，foresters与send之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且foresters是复数。故填were sent。‎ 答案：were sent ‎6．解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：他们被要求在塞罕坝重建森林。require sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“要求某人做某事”，动词不定式在该结构中作宾语补足语，此处考查的是它的被动语态sb be required to do sth，意为“某人被要求做某事”，在句中作主语补足语。故填to rebuild。‎ 答案：to rebuild ‎7．解析：考查冠词。句意为：然而，当他们发现一棵200岁的树独自在风中摇曳时，他们的疑虑消失了。in the wind意为“在风中”，是固定搭配。故填the。‎ 答案：the ‎8．解析：考查倒装句。句意为：他们想，如果一棵树都可以在这里存活，那么数百万棵树也可以存活。根据语境及句意可知，此处是指前一种肯定情况也适用于后一分句的主语，表示“……也一样”，应用副词so。“so＋助动词/情态动词/be＋主语”是常用的倒装结构。故填so。‎ 答案：so ‎9．解析：考查形容词的比较等级。句意为：在2017年，林务员们因为创造一个更环保的世界做出了极大贡献而获得了联合国授予的最高环保荣誉奖项。根据上文中塞罕坝的林务员的努力及常识可知，联合国授予的应是最高荣誉，应用high的最高级highest。故填highest。‎ 答案：highest ‎10．解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。结合句意并根据设空前的“their great”可知，此处应用名词。故填contribution(s)。‎ 答案：contribution(s)‎ - 8 -‎