2020届二轮复习定语从句课件（45张）

2020届二轮复习定语从句课件（45张）

2020 届二轮复习 定语从句 一 . 定语从句的基本定义 放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的词叫先行词。 一 . 定语从句的基本定义 The boy who is reading is Tom. 先行词 关系代词 Hospital is a place where a doctor works . 先行词 关系副词 二 . 关系词的分类 关系代词 2. 关系副词 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有： that, which, as, who, whom, whose 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有： when, where, why 二 . 关系词的分类 三 . 关系代词的基本用法和注意点 1. 关系代词的基本用法 三 . 1. 关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 指代的先行词 充当从句的成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 ① who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 The man ( who) I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. ② whom 指人 , 在定语从句中作宾语，可省略 。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li. who, whom ③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year . This recorder （ which ） he is using is made in Japan. which He is the man (that) I told you about . ④ that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 A plane is a machine that can fly . that ⑤ whose 指人或物 , 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。 We live in a house whose windows face south . This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake . whose 2. 关系代词的用法注意点 (1) that 和 which 都可以指物，但以下 5 种情况只能用 that 不能用 which 。 ①当先行词中既有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about ? 2. 关系代词用法注意点 (1) 只能用 that 不能用 which 的 5 种情况 ②当先行词为不定代词 all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none 等时。如： This is all that I want from the school . ③当先行词被 only, just, very, right, last 等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days . ④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如： The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city . ⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten . (2) that 和 who 都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用 who 。 (2) 用 who 不用 that 的情况 ①先行词为 all( 所有人 ), anyone, one, ones 等时。如： All who heard the news were excited. ②先行词为 those, he 和 people 时。如： Those who want to go please sign your names here. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. (3) whose 引导的定语从句注意点 ① whose 引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 ② whose 与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如： The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news. 他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。 (3)whose 引导的定语从句注意点 ④ whose 的先行词指物时，可用 of which 代替，但语序不同，即 whose+ 名词 = the+ 名词 +of which ，或 = of which + the + 名词。如： The novel whose title (= the title of which 或 of which the title) is Red and Black(《 红与黑 》) is very interesting. ③ whose 引导的定语从句，其先行词既可指人也可指物。 ⑤ whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如： The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend. (4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与先行词保持一致。如： Those who are against the plan put up your hands. Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday . Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday . (4) 从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 The scientist (whom/ who/ that ) we met yesterday is very famous in the world. (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it. The dress ( which/ that ) she is wearing is new. (1) The scientist is very famous in the world.  We met her yesterday. 巩固练习： 1. 用定语从句合并下列句子 巩固练习 1 ：用定语从句合并句子 (3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film. He is the kind person ( whom/ who/ that) I have ever worked with . This is the best film ( that) I have ever seen . 1.The girl __________is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. 2. The girl _________________our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. 3. The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak English very well. 4. I can’t find the book ____________is borrowed from the library. 5. I can’t find the book ______________ you lent to me. who/ that (whom/ who/ that) whose which/ that (that/ which) 巩固练习： 2. 用适当的关系词填空 巩固练习 2 ：用适当的关系词填空 四 . 介词 +which/ whom 引导的定语从句 1. 介词的选用原则： 根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。 This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars. This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars. 四 . “ 介词 +which/whom ” 引导的从句， 1. 介词选用原则 (2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。 I remember the day on which I joined the Party. I remember the days during which I lived there. 2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用 whom( 指人 ) 或 which( 指物 ) ，且关系代词不能省略。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I can’t find the pen with which I was writing . 2. 介词位于关系代词前，关系代词的使用 3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可以用 which/ that ( 指物 ), who/ whom/ that( 指人 ) 作从句中介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。 (whom/who/that) (which/that) Dad is a person ________________ I can easily talk to . Is this the play ___________ you were talking about just now? 3. 介词位于句末，关系代词的使用 4. 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如： This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for . The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 4. 含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用 5. 先行词是 the way ，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用 that/ in which 或省略。 I didn't like the way _____________ she talked to me. The way ______________ he teaches English is interesting. （ that/ in which ） （ that/ in which ） 5. 先行词为 the way ，关系词的使用 五 . 关系副词 when, where 和 why 的用法 五 . 关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 指代的先行词 充当从句的成分 when 表时间的名词 / 名词词组 时间状语 where 表地点的名词 / 名词词组 地点状语 why 表原因的名词 原因状语 用关系副词 when 时，先行词指时间， when 在定语从句中作时间状语， when 可换成“介词 + 关系代词”。如： I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing . My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out . 1. when 1. when 用关系副词 where 时，先行词指地点， where 在定语从句中作地点状语， where 可换成“介词 + 关系代词”。如： This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young . The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city. 2. where 2. where 用关系副词 why 时，先行词指原因， why 在定语从句中作原因状语， why 可换成“介词 + 关系代词”。如： There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished . Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school . 3. why 3. why 4. 关系副词的用法注意点 (1) 当先行词为 time ，表示“次数”时，应用关系词 that 或省略。如： This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country. (2) 当 point, situation, case 等词作先行词表示“情况、境地、场合”等意思时，其后常由 where 引导定语从句， where 在句中作状语。如： Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used? 4. 关系副词的用法注意点 巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day ______ (__ ______) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place ______ (____ ______) I came. 3) Is this the reason ____ (___ _____) he didn ’ t want to see me? when on which where from which why for which 巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 4) Is this the room ______(__ ______) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _____ (______ ______) we used “ foreign oil ” . 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting ______ (__ ______) we discussed many problems. where in which when during which at which where 对比练习：用适当的关系词填空 1. The room ___________________ he once lived is still there. The room ___________________ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother. where/in which (that/which) 对比练习：用适当的关系词填空 2. I will never forget the day _______________ I met you . I will never forget the day ______________ we spent together. when/on which (that/which) The reason _____________ I don’t know is known to him . (that/which) why/for which 3. The reason ________________ I don’t know the thing is that I was not there at that time. 六 . 非限制性定语从句 1. 非限制性定语从句的定义 非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。 My watch, which is very old , stopped again. 六 . 1. 非限制性定语从句的定义 2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 (1) 限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较： This is the best book that I have read . This is a good book, which is easy to understand . 2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 (2) 限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词 as 或 which 引导。 (4) 在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。 (3) 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词 that 引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。 (5) 关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如： (6) 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。 He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married . He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying . 3. 关系代词 as, which 引导非限制定语从句时的区别 (1)as 和 which 都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。 as 引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如： 3. as/which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别 The weather turned out to be very good , which was more than we could expect. As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth . (2) as 多用于下列习惯用语中 as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的 4. “ 介词 + 关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构： (1) 名词 + 介词 + 关系代词： They live in a house, the door of which faces south. 4. “ 介词 + 关系代词 ” 引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构 (2) 代词 + 介词 + 关系代词： There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard. (3) 数词 + 介词 + 关系代词： Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of which were English novels. (4) 形容词比较级 / 最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词： China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. 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