【英语】2018届二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气考点典题讲与练学案（14页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气考点典题讲与练学案（14页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 情态动词和虚拟语气考点典题讲与练 在近五年高考中主要考查四点：情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法；情态动词与虚拟语气；情态动词表达“情感、态度、语气等”；情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。虚拟语气的考点主要集中在名词性从句、条件句中的用法，以及错综条件句中虚拟语气的应用。‎ 一、情态动词表推测的用法 ‎ 注意：should (ought to)表示推测是高考考查的重点和难点。如：‎ ‎— When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon.‎ ‎— They ________ be ready by 12：00. ‎ ‎ A．can B．should C．might D．need ‎ 【解析】 B　A项表示推测时常用于否定句和疑问句中。C项表示推测语气不太肯定。should意为“按理说，理应”，既回答了顾客的询问，不失礼貌，又为照片有可能尚未洗好，顾客到时取不到留下了回旋的余地，体现了店主的精明与用词经过仔细推敲。 ‎ 二、情态动词的其他用法 ‎1．can, could, may, might2.must, should 3. need, dare4.shall/will/would 三、情态动词＋have done ‎ ‎1.must have done；may/might have done；can/could have done 一定(肯定句)；可能(肯定句和否定句)；可能(疑问句和否定句)‎ ‎2.might have done; couldhave done；would have done 本来可能做……而未做；本可以做……而未做；本来会做……而未做 ‎3.should/ought to have done本应该做……而未做 ‎ ‎4.needn't have done本不需要做……但却做了 四、虚拟语气 ‎ 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。‎ ‎1． 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 ‎ 注意：(1) 主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称。‎ ‎(2) 条件句中如果动词是be，其过去式所有人称的单复数都可用were；在第一、三人称单数的口语中，可用was代替were。但在if I were you中，不能说成if I was you。‎ ‎(3) 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整，这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。如：‎ ‎ If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.‎ ‎ 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干得就会容易些了。‎ ‎ If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.‎ ‎ 如果他不听我的建议，他就不会干得这么好了。‎ ‎(4) 在条件句中，如果有were, had, should等，则可省略if，但应注意把were, had, should等提到从句主语之前。‎ 如：If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. ＝ Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion. 如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。‎ ‎(5) 有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的。如：‎ ‎ But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件)‎ ‎ With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的帮助，我们就可以早些完成任务。(介词短语with your help充当虚拟条件句)‎ ‎2． 虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法 I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是个医生就好了。(现在)‎ ‎ I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下来。(将来)‎ ‎ I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it. 我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(过去)‎ ‎3． 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用 ‎(1) 在insist；command，order；demand，request，require，desire；advise, propose, suggest，recommend等表示“命令、要求、建议”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：‎ ‎(2) 与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should可省略)。如：‎ ‎ My proposal is that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.‎ ‎ 我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。‎ ‎(3) 在It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed, … )that… 结构中，主语从句中也要使用虚拟语气。如：It's required that every student be on time for school. 要求每个学生准时到校。‎ ‎(4) 在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑问句中作插入语时，句子的动词也使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。如：‎ ‎ What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy?‎ ‎ 你建议我们买什么类型的电脑呢？‎ ‎(5) 在It's＋necessary，essential，important, strange, natural等形容词＋‎ ‎ that从句或It's a pity，a shame等名词＋ that 从句中，谓语动词可以使用should do。如：‎ ‎ It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 这位重伤员必须马上治疗。‎ ‎ It's a pity that you should be so careless.你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜。‎ ‎4． 虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法 ‎ 在as if/though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在相反的情况；用过去完成式，表示与过去相反的情况等。其变化与wish后的宾语从句的变化相同。如：‎ ‎ I've loved you as if you were my relative.‎ ‎ 我一直爱你仿佛你是我的亲人。‎ ‎5． 虚拟语气在其他一些句型中的用法 ‎(1) It's high time that从句中，谓语动词可以使用过去式，也可使用should＋动词原形；表示“早该……了”，其中should不可省略。如：‎ ‎ It's high time we got up/should get up. 我们早该起床了。‎ ‎(2) would rather＋从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来的情况相反；用过去完成式，表示与过去的情况相反。如：‎ ‎ I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。‎ ‎(3) if only…要是……多好啊。如：‎ ‎ If only you hadn't offended him. 你当时不惹他就好了。‎ ‎ If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能来就好了。‎ ‎(4) 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如：‎ ‎ May you succeed！祝你成功！‎ ‎ Long live the People's Republic of China. 中华人民共和国万岁！‎ ‎1.【正】 The streets are all dry; it can't have rained last night. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 对某一事实的否定推测不能用must，而要用can't 或couldn't表示“不可能”。‎ ‎2.【正】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 猜的事情发生在昨天，因此要用情态动词＋have done形式，当动词是be时，很容易忽略它的时态意义，要特别留意。‎ ‎3． 【正】 He can be very friendly at times. ‎ ‎4.I can't find my keys. I may/might have left them on the playground yesterday. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 表示对过去情况的推测，通常用must/may/might have done sth. 另外，表示“把……忘记在某地”应用动词leave。‎ ‎5.【正】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone was able to get out. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 表示在过去成功地做到了某事，肯定句中通常用was/were able to do sth.。‎ ‎6． 【误】 Will I open the window for you?‎ ‎ 【正】 Shall I open the window for you?‎ ‎ 【解析】 shall与第一、第三人称连用，表示征求意见或请求指示，这时不可用will。will通常与第二人称连用，即Will you…？‎ ‎7． 【误】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water. ‎ ‎ 【正】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should have given more water. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 根据第一句可知，植物已经死亡，所以应该是自责：本应该多浇些水的。要用should have done形式表示“本应该做……而未做”。‎ ‎8． 【误】 Hadn't they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. ‎ ‎ 【正】 Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. ‎ ‎ 【正】 If they had not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 当条件中含有were, had, should等时，可省略if，从而把were, had, should提到主语之前。若条件句为否定句，则只把were, had, should提前，not仍放在主语之后。‎ ‎9． 【误】 If only I saw the film yesterday. ‎ ‎ 【正】 If only I had seen the film yesterday. ‎ ‎ 【解析】 if only后句子若表示过去的一种愿望，其谓语动词应用过去完成式，即if only sb. had done sth. 。‎ 典题演练 ‎1．—Everyone in my class passed the exam. ‎ ‎ —Oh，really？It ________ difficult. ‎ ‎ A．can't have been B．needn't have been C．must be D．mightn't be ‎2． Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they ________ just be quiet people. A．must B．may C．should D．would ‎3． —Why didn't you answer the phone last night?—I ________ when you called. ‎ A．had to have slept B．had to be sleeping C．must have been sleeping D．must have slept ‎ ‎4． When I lived with my roommates in the university, we ________ often talk into the night. ‎ ‎ A．might B．must C．should D．would ‎ 5． —This is the first time I ________ my first picture with my own hands. ‎ ‎ —It is time that you ________ a picture for me. ‎ ‎ A．took; took B．have taken; took C．took; will take D．will take; have taken ‎6． —Why hasn't Jack come back yet？________anything have happened to him?‎ ‎ —I'm not sure, but I guess something________. ‎ ‎ A．May；must have B．Can；may haveC．Must；may D．Dare；might have ‎ ‎7．It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it________ be rather cold sometimes. ‎ ‎ A．must B．can C．should D．would ‎8． Liza________ well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling. ‎ ‎ A．will B．can C．must D．may ‎9． Look at the floor, Tom！________you watch TV while having a meal?‎ ‎ A．Should B．Could C．Would D．Must ‎ ‎10．The soccer team has been doing well this season，so they ________win the championship. ‎ ‎ A．should B．might C．would D．must ‎11．When the ship sailed out from Thailand, the 16 sailors on board ______ that only half of them would return again. ‎ ‎ A．will never think B．can never think C．needn't have thought D．couldn't have thought ‎12．—What does the sign over there read?‎ ‎ —No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette in this area. ‎ ‎ A．will B．shall C．may D．must ‎13．It's hard to believe that such a greedy man________ donate so much to Project Hope. ‎ ‎ A．may B．need C．can D．shall ‎14．For environmental reasons，we ________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled. ‎ A．should B．would C．might D．could ‎15．We ________ here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though. ‎ ‎ A．could be B．should be C．must have been D．would have been ‎16．—Jenny took the 8：00 bus to Guangzhou this morning. ‎ ‎ —Really？He ______the 9：00 train. It's much more comfortable and safer to travel by train. ‎ ‎ A．could have taken B．should take C．must have taken D．can take ‎17．—________ I take the book out?—I'm afraid not. ‎ ‎ A．Will B．May C．Must D．Need ‎18．Jack described his father，who ________ a brave boy many years ago，as a strongwilled man. ‎ ‎ A．would be B．would have been C．must be D．must have been ‎19 Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy________. ‎ A． would have been saved B．had been saved C．will be saved D．was saved ‎20．You ________ buy a gift，but you can if you want to. ‎ ‎ A．must B．mustn't C．have to D．don't have to ‎21． —May I take this book out of the reading room?‎ ‎ —No，you________. You read it in here. ‎ ‎ A．mightn't B．won't C．needn't D．mustn't ‎22．I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it?‎ ‎ A．Must B．Can C．May D．Will ‎23．—I haven't got the reference book yet，but I'll have a test on the subject next month. ‎ ‎ —Don't worry. You ________have it by Friday. ‎ ‎ A．could B．Shall C．must D．may ‎24． George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture. ‎ ‎ A．focus B．Focused C．would focus D．had focused ‎ ‎25．Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. ‎ ‎ A．can't B．needn't C．may not D．will not ‎26．Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ‎ ‎ A．not allow B．do not allow C．mustn't allow D．couldn't allow ‎ 27．Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early. ‎ ‎ A．needn't B．wouldn't C．mustn't D．couldn't ‎28．You ________ park here! It's an emergency exit. ‎ ‎ A．wouldn't B．needn't C．couldn't D．mustn't ‎29．—Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.‎ ‎ —Ah，good morning. You ________be Mrs. Peters. ‎ ‎ A．might B．must C．would D．can ‎30． I ________ have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams. ‎ ‎ A．shouldn't B．needn't C．couldn't D．mustn't 答案与解析：‎ 1. A　对过去进行推测，表示“一定不”应使用 can't have done。句意为：“我们班上每个人都通过了考试。”“哦，真的吗？那题目一定不难。”‎ 1. B　句意为：有些人不喜欢讲话不一定是害羞，他们可能是安静的人。此处用may表示“可能”之意。‎ 2. C　由时间状语和结合语境来看，这是对过去某个时间点正在发生事情的肯定推测，再结合题意，应该是must have been doing结构，选C。‎ 3. D　这里描述的是过去经常发生的动作(或过去经常做的事情)。‎ 4. B　This/It is the first time that…中，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成式；It's (high) time that…中，从句谓语动词通常用一般过去式(即虚拟语气)，意为“该是做……的时候了”。 ‎ ‎6.B　在一般疑问句或特殊疑问句中表推测时常用can或could，推测发生过的事情时情态动词后要接完成式，只能选B。‎ ‎7. B　can用在肯定句中可以指“有时会，可能会”，表示客观情况或逻辑上的可能性。句意为：三月份在我们家乡通常比较暖和，但有时也会非常冷。‎ ‎8.D　may well (not) do sth.意为“很可能(不)干某事，完全(没)有可能干某事”。‎ ‎9. D　must 表示与说话人愿望相反或不耐烦“非得、偏要”。如：Must you make so much noise？你就非得弄出这么大声吗？‎ ‎10. A　句意为：这个足球队在这个季度训练得很好，因此，他们应该会赢得冠军。根据常理进行推测表示“应该……”时用should。‎ ‎11. D　根据句意“当这艘轮船从泰国驶出的时候，船上的16名船员不会想到他们当中只有一半的人会返回”可知，这里表示对过去事情的否定推测，选D。‎ ‎12. B　答句句意为：任何人在这里都不能吸烟或者是携带点燃的香烟。shall在这里表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。‎ ‎13. C　句意为：这么贪婪的人竟能为希望工程捐出这么多钱，真是难以置信！can在这里表示惊讶、不相信，意为“居然会，竟能”。‎ ‎14. C　所填词与as well构成固定搭配，意思是不妨，用might，选C。‎ ‎15. D　would have done sth.表示与已经发生的事实相反，意思是“本来会……但实际没有”。句意为：我们本来能在午餐时到达，但我们在机场被延误了。‎ ‎16.A　上句表示珍妮已乘坐8点的汽车去了广州。答句句意为：她本可以坐9点的火车去的，坐火车舒服得多，安全得多。“情态动词could＋完成式”表示“本来可以，而实际上并没有那么做”。‎ ‎17.B　may用于一般疑问句，表示请求。‎ ‎18.D　句意为：杰克把他父亲描写成一个有坚强意志的人，他很多年前就一定是一个勇敢的男孩。根据many years ago可知，是对过去事情的推测。would have been多用于条件句的虚拟语气中。‎ ‎19.A　根据Had I known提示，可知此句是虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反，故主句谓语用would have done的形式。此外本句还是被动，选A。‎ ‎20.D　don't have to意为“没有必要”，符合语境。句意为：你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。‎ ‎21.D　表示“禁止；千万别做某事”时，要用mustn't。‎ ‎22. A　句意为：我已经告诉你真相了。要我一再重复吗？must在此用于加强语气，意为“必须……吗？非得……吗？”‎ ‎23.B　当主语为第二、三人称时，情态动词shall表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁，本句表示允诺。‎ ‎24.B　would rather＋从句表示对现在或将来虚拟时应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎25. A　can't表示“不能”，语气强烈。‎ ‎26.A　句意为：教师们建议：为了孩子们的安全，父母不应让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。recommend意为“建议”，其后接的宾语从句采用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。‎ ‎27.A　needn't have done 本没有必要做某事，实际上做了。28.D　由句意“这里是紧急出口”，可知此处不允许停车，所以用mustn't表示“禁止，不许”。‎ ‎29.B　根据句子意思“你肯定是Mrs. Peters”可知用must来表示肯定推测。‎ ‎30.A　shouldn't have done意为“本不应该做但实际已经做了(表达后悔的情绪)”‎