2018-2019学年四川省南充市阆中中学高二上学期1月质量检测英语试题 word版

2018-2019学年四川省南充市阆中中学高二上学期1月质量检测英语试题 word版

阆中中学校2018年秋高2017级教学质量检测 英语试题 ‎（用时 120 分钟，满分 150 分）‎ 注意事项：‎ ‎1．试卷分为试题卷和答题卡两部分，在本试题卷上作答无效．．．．．．．．．．；‎ ‎2．考试结束后，只将答题卡交回，试题卷不用交．．．．．．．．．．．．．．，自己保管好以备讲评使用。‎ 第 I 卷 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）‎ 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关 小题如阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ ‎1. How often is the woman going to take exercise?‎ ‎ A. Once a week. B. Twice a week.‎ ‎2. What’s the woman anxious to know about?‎ C. Three times a week.‎ ‎ A. Her test time. B. Her score.‎ ‎3. Where does the conversation probably take place?‎ C. Her telephone call.‎ ‎ A. In the hall. B. At the fashion show.‎ ‎4. Who will be a fourth player?‎ C. In the booking office.‎ ‎ A. Carol. B. The man.‎ ‎5. What will the speakers do?‎ A. Set a date for their appointment.‎ B. Go and see their friends off.‎ C. Leave for a new place.‎ 第二节(共 15 小题; 每小题 1. 5 分, 满分 22. 5 分)‎ C. The woman.‎ 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第 6 段材料, 回答第 6～8 题。‎ ‎6. What did the woman ask the man to do for her?‎ ‎ A. Look for a house. B. Rent a house.‎ ‎7. How does the woman think of the first house?‎ C. Sell a house.‎ ‎ A. Too expensive. B. Too big.‎ ‎8. Why does the woman dislike the second house?‎ C. Too small.‎ ‎ A. It’s too far away. B. It’s too expensive.‎ 听第 7 段材料, 回答第 9～11 题。‎ ‎9. What are the speakers talking about?‎ C. It’s not big enough.‎ ‎ A. The man’s job. B. The woman’s job.‎ ‎10. Why is the man in such a hurry?‎ C. The weather.‎ ‎ A. To see a performance. B. To have a performance.‎ C. To have a music class.‎ 11. How does the man make people laugh? A. Using actions and expressions.‎ B. Using words.‎ C. Using instruments.‎ 听第 8 段材料, 回答第 12～14 题。‎ 12. How long haven’t they seen each other?‎ A. Five months. B. Five years. C. Four years.‎ 13. Where does the woman work?‎ A. In a bookstore. B. In a clothing shop. C. At a publishing company 14. What will they do next?‎ A. Have lunch. B. Go to work.C. Go shopping.‎ 听第 9 段材料, 回答第 15～17 题。‎ 15. What happened when the man was mountain climbing? A. He got trapped in a cave.‎ B. He lost his equipment and food.‎ C. He got lost in bad weather.‎ 16. What caused the loss of the man’s legs? A. A bad fall in the mountain.‎ B. Low temperature.‎ C. An unsuccessful operation.‎ 17. What did he decide to do after losing his legs? A. Use technology to fight his disability.‎ B. Set up a club for the disabled.‎ C. Design new climbing shoes.‎ 听第 10 段材料, 回答第 18～20 题。‎ 18. What is the speaker mainly talking about?‎ A. Advice before the speech competition.‎ B. Advice after the speech competition.‎ C. Advice during the speech competition.‎ 19. What is the speaker?‎ A. A judge and organizer.‎ B. A college teacher and judge.‎ C. A college teacher and competitor.‎ 20. What is many competitors’ wrong belief?‎ A. Familiar words destroy understanding.‎ B. Complicated words destroy understanding.‎ C. Complicated words sound impressive.‎ 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）‎ 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳答案。‎ A Dutch masters exhibition in Beijing The 17th century Dutch Golden Age had several significant artists and a range of great pieces produced during the period—including Jan Vermeer's Young Woman at Virginal, Jan Lievens' Boy in a Cape, and Turban and Rembrandt's Self Portrait with Shaded Eyes.‎ Some of the most refined examples of the time, including the three pieces mentioned above, will make their debut（首次亮相） in China as part of a world tour of The Leiden Collection.‎ If you go:‎ 9 a.m.-5 p.m., June 17-Sept 3 (closed on Mondays).National Museum of China,1 Wusi Avenue, Dangcheng district.010-6400-1476. Ticket: 50 yuan ($7)‎ The Age of Mechanical Reproduction The Age of Mechanical Reproduction, the latest exhibition at the Riverside Art Museum, features 41 artworks of US pop icon Andy Warhol, covering art installations, paintings and photographs. Warhol's well-known installation Electric Chair is a highlight of the show,which is also its debut in Asia.‎ If you go:‎ 10 a.m.-5 p.m., through August 28 (closed on Mondays).The Riverside Art Museum, Hongyan Road, Chaoyang district.010-5309-2062.‎ Ticket: 60 yuan Back with a bang Beijing-based hand Escape Plan will hold a concert in Beijing this weekend. The band is most famous for the song The Brightest Star in the Night Sky.‎ If you go:‎ ‎7:30 p.m., June 17.Beijing Worker’s Gymnasium, Gongti Beilu, Chaoyang district.‎ ‎400-610-3721.‎ Ticket: 280-980 yuan Purple clay teapots Yixing purple clay potteries are a vital part of Chinese pottery culture and have been included in China's list of national intangible cultural heritage（国家非物质文化遗产）.A selection of more than 80 purple clay teapots will go on display at the Poly Art Museum starting Friday. The exhibit will include a range of delicate teapot works of Ji Yishun,Wang Xiaolong and Gao Lijun, who are all inheritors（继承人）the time-honored（历史悠久的） pottery handicraft.‎ If you go:‎ ‎9:30 a.m.-4:30 p.m.(closed on Sundays),through June 30.Poly Art Museum, New Poly Plaza,1 Chaoyangmen North Street 9.010-6500-8117.‎ Ticket: 20 yuan ‎21. What do Dutch masters exhibition in Beijing and The Age of Mechanical Reproduction have in common?‎ ‎ A.They aren’t open on Mondays. B.Their total exhibition time.‎ ‎ C.Their ticket prices. D.Their exhibition places.‎ ‎22.If you are fond of the performance of Escape Plan,which number can you contact to book a ticket in advance?‎ ‎ A.010-5309-2062. B.400-610-3721.‎ ‎ C.010-6400-1476. D.010-6500-8117.‎ ‎23.Where can you go and enjoy an exhibition but spend less money?‎ ‎ A. Beijing Workers' Gymnasium. B.National Museum of China.‎ ‎ C.The Riverside An Museum. D.Poly Art Museum,New Poly Plaza.‎ B Ali, the boxing legend, died on Friday night at 74，after a Long battle with Parkinson's disease.‎ Cassius Clay (Ali) was just 12 years old in 1954 when he got ready to beat the boy who stole his bicycle in his hometown of Louisville, Ky. But a local policeman warned him that he'd need to learn to box first. At just 89 pounds, Clay had his first fight and his first win just weeks later, according to Bleacher Report. By 1964, he was the heavyweight champion of the world, after upsetting Sonny Liston.‎ In 1969, he was forbidden to do boxing over his refusal to join the army and go to Vietnam. Ali was reportedly drowning in debt and still appealing his conviction(上诉).He made pocket change by touring colleges to discuss the war, and, as Playbill points out, he starred in the Broadway musical, Buck White.‎ Ali sang nearly every song in the musical, playing a black lecturer addressing a meeting organized by a black political group. But he would never return to the stage after his conviction was cancelled.‎ In November 1990, Ali met with Iraq president Saddam Hussein in Baghdad on a ‎"good-will tour" in an attempt to negotiate the release of 15 Americans held hostage(人质)in Iraq and Kuwait. Ali was criticized by then-President George H. W, Bush and The New York Times, both of whom expressed concerns that he was fueling propaganda (宣传) machine.‎ Despite running out of medicine for his disease and waiting more than a week to talk to Hussein, Ali was able to bring all 15 of a group of American war prisoners home.‎ 24. When did Ali start to learn boxing?‎ A. In 1969. B. In 1964. C. In 1954 D. In 1952‎ 25. Why was Ali once forbidden to boxing?‎ A. He became the heavyweight champion of the world.‎ B. He suffered from a disease.‎ C. He refused to become soldier to fight in Vietnam.‎ D. He got drowning in debt.‎ 26. What role did Ali play in Iraq?‎ A. Friend of President George H. W. Bush. B. An artist.‎ ‎ C. The best boxer ever. D. A peace lover.‎ 27. Which of the following is the best title for the text？ A. A1i was the heavyweight champion of the world.‎ B. A1i. the boxing legend, died.‎ C. Ali managed to return to the stage.‎ D. A1i fueled a propaganda machine.‎ C Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English ruler tried to conquer(征服) Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence ‎ to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.‎ In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage(短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.‎ For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people will work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.‎ The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Creeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.‎ 28. What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1? A. How two “Irelands” came into being.‎ B. How Ireland gained independence.‎ C. How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.‎ D. How the Irish fought against the English.‎ 29. We learn from the text that in Ireland ________.‎ A. it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker B. different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments C. food shortages in the 1840s led to a decrease in population D. people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside 30. The last paragraph is mainly about_________.‎ A. the Irish character B. Irish culture C. Irish musical instruments D. a famous Irish writer 31. What can be the best title for the text?‎ ‎ A. Life in Ireland B.Ireland, past and present ‎ C. A Very Difficult History D. The independence of Ireland D After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.‎ Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.‎ The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.‎ As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.‎ The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.‎ The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone .Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.‎ 32. What is the text mainly about?‎ A. Wildlife research in the United States.‎ B. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.‎ C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.‎ D. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.‎ 33. What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?‎ A. Forced out. B. Separated. C. Tested. D. Tracked down.‎ 34. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？‎ A. An increase in the variety of animals. B. A decline in the park’s income.‎ ‎ C. Preservation of vegetation. D. Damage to local ecology.‎ 35. What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？‎ A. Doubtful. B. Disapproving. C. Positive. D. Uncaring.‎ 第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)‎ Are you embarrassed to recite in class because you might give the wrong answer? Are you ashamed to share your ideas in a group？If you find yourself being shy about a lot of things, you need to understand that being shy is a very big obstacle(障碍) to one's success. ___36___‎ First of all, you need to discover and understand the causes of your shyness.___37___ One of the biggest reasons why people are shy is that they were branded as a shy person. Because you heard it over and over, you believed it and thought it is true. If this is the cause, you need to stop this in your mind.___38___‎ One way to stop your shyness in your mind is to focus less on your weakness. ___39___ We all have our own unique strength. So if speaking in front of many people isn't your strength, that's okay. Maybe the strength you're given is in writing. And if you think there still a lot for you to improve on your strengths and talents, that's okay too. ___40___‎ A. You need to dig deep and get to the roots of your shyness.‎ B. When you doubt yourself, others will doubt you.‎ C. Instead, focus more on your strength.‎ D. The good thing is that you can overcome it.‎ E. Stay fearless in everything you will have to do.‎ F. All you need to do is spending time training yourself to be a master in your strengths.‎ G. Then try to replace it with positive things in your life.‎ 第三部分英语基础知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）‎ 第一节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes Mountains. They reached the top 41 , but on their way back conditions were very 42 . Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon 43 alone, he would probably get back 44 . But Simon decided to risk(冒险) his ‎ 45 and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope（绳）.‎ As they 46 down, the weather got worse. Then another 47 happened. They couldn’t see or hear each other and, ___48___, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）. It was 49 for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joe’s ‎50 was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. 51 , after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to 52 . In tears, he cut the rope. Joe 53 into a large crevasse（裂缝）in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain. He couldn’t walk, but he 54 to get out of the crevasse and started to 55 towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers ___56___.‎ Simon had 57 the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be ‎59‎ ‎60‎ ‎58 , but he didn’t want to leave. Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe’s voice. He couldn’tit. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.‎ ‎41. A. hurriedly B. successfully C. early D. carefully ‎42. A. difficult B. similar C. special D. normal ‎43. A. climbed B. worked C. rested D. continued ‎44. A. slowly B. unwillingly C. safely D. regretfully ‎45. A. fortune B. life C. health D. time ‎46. A. settled B. lay C. went D. looked ‎47. A. trouble B. storm C. change D. damage ‎48. A. by choice B. by chance C. by luck D. by mistake ‎49. A. unnecessary B. important C. impossible D. practical ‎50. A. weight B. strength C. height D. equipment ‎51. A. Quickly B. Patiently C. Finally D. Surely ‎52. A. make a decision B. stand back C. take a rest D. hold on ‎53. A. backed B. jumped C. escaped D. fell ‎54. A. waited B. managed C. planned D. hoped ‎55. A. skate B. move C. run D. march ‎56. A. along B. around C. above D. away ‎57. A. headed for B. returned to C. traveled to D. left for ‎58. A. dead B. late C. weak D. hurt ‎59. A. secretly B. tiredly C. immediately D. anxiously ‎60. A. believe B. accept C. make D. find 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ What 61 ( be )English for？Some people seem to think it’s for practicing grammar rules and 62 ( learn ) lists of words－the 63 ( long )the lists，the better.‎ That’s wrong. Many students know hundreds of grammar rules， 64 they can’t speak correctly or 65 ( fluent ).They are afraid of making mistakes. English is the working language. It is widely 66 ( speak ) and used in the world.. Businessmen and tourists often come to China without being able to speak Chinese. Chinese businessmen, taxi drivers and students talk with them using English. English is also the language of global culture. You can listen to English songs 67 the radio 68 use English to communicate with people around the world through the Internet. With so many people 69 (communicate) in English every day, 70 will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.‎ 第四部分写作（共两节；满分 35 分）‎ 第一节短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）‎ ‎51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处错误，每句中最多有两处，错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均限一词。‎ ‎2．只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。‎ As we all know, everyone have a dream. I have dreamed of being a doctor since I enter the primary school. With modern life go rapidly nowadays, many people suffer from different kind of diseases, both mentally and physically. As a result, doctors are in great need at home and abroad. My dream is to become successful doctor, helping to save people’s lives. Although to be a good doctor is very difficult, but nowadays I will do whatever I can to keep everyone health. To make my dream come true, I have told me over and over again that I’ll pay more attention on studies. After all, only by working hardly can one succeed.‎ 笫二节书面表达（满分 25 分）‎ 假如你是李华，因为你要忙着准备后天的一门重要考试，明天晚上不能去朋友家共进晚餐。请你用英文写一封致歉信，要点包括：‎ 1 感谢对方的邀请；‎ 2 遗憾地告诉对方你无法赴约并说明理由；‎ 3 祝对方度过一段愉快的时光，并另约时间见面注意：1 词数：100 左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 ‎2 开头和结尾已为你写出，不计入总词数 Dear John，‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua．‎ 高2017级2018年秋检测试卷 英语参考答案及详解 第一部分听力：‎ ‎1-5 CBCAB 6-10 AACAB 11-15 ABCAC 16-20 BAABC 第二部分阅读理解：‎ ‎21-25 ABDCC 26-30 DBACD 31-35‎ 第三部分第一节 完形填空：‎ BBADC ‎36-40 DAGCF ‎41-45 BADCB 46-50 CADCA 51-55 CADBB 第二节 语法填空：‎ ‎56-60 DBACA ‎61. is 62. learning 63. longer 64. but ‎68. or 69. communicating 70. It 第四部分第一节 短文改错：‎ ‎65. fluently ‎66. spoken 67. on ‎1.have→has 2.enter→entered 3.go→going ‎4.kind→kinds ‎5.become 后加 a 6.去 掉 but 7.health→healthy 8.me→myself 9.on→to 10.hardly→hard 第二节 写作（参考范文）：‎ Dear John,‎ Thank you for your invitation to dinner at your home tomorrow evening.‎ Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I can’t join you and your family,because I will be fully occupied then for an important exam coming the day after tomorrow. I feel terribly sorry for missing the chance of such a happy get-together, and I hope that all of you will have a good time. Is it possible for you and me to have a private meeting afterward? If so, please don’t hesitate to drop me a line about your preferable date. I do long for a pleasant chat with you.‎ Please allow me to say sorry again.‎ Your Sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】本文介绍了将在北京举办的三场展览会和一场音乐会。‎ ‎21.细节理解题。两场展览会的时间部分都有 closed on Mondays 的内容，以此可知选 A。‎ ‎22.细节理解题。需要去《逃亡计划》音乐演唱会，可知应选 B 23. 细节理解题。根据三场展览会的价格 50 元、60 元、20 元可知，要去欣赏花钱最少的展览会，应选 D。‎ ‎【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了拳击界的传奇 A1i 去世了，享年 74 岁。‎ 24. 细节理解题。根据 Cassius Clay (Ali) was just 12 years old in 1954 when he got ready to beat the boy who stole his bicycle in his hometown of Louisville, Ky. But a local policeman warned him that he'd need to learn to box first. At just 89 pounds, Clay had his first fight and his first win just weeks later, according to Bleacher Report.可知 Ali 在 1954 年开始学习拳击，选 C。‎ 25. 细节理解题。根据 In 1969, he was forbidden to do boxing over his refusal to join the army and go to Vietnam.可知曾经 Ali 被禁止拳击是因为他拒绝成为一名士兵，选 C。‎ 26. 推理判断题。由 In November 1990, Ali met with Iraq president Saddam Hussein in Baghdad on a "good-will tour" in an attempt to negotiate the release of 15 Americans held hostage(人质)in Iraq and Kuwait. 可判断出 Ali 在伊拉克的战争中扮演的角色是一名和平爱好者，选 D。‎ 27. 主旨大意题。这篇文章主要介绍了拳击界的传奇 A1i 去世了，享年 74 岁，选 B。‎ ‎【解析】试题分析：本文属于说明文，在前两段中介绍了爱尔兰的历史，提及了爱尔兰的分裂，爱尔兰历史上的土豆危机。后两段介绍了爱尔兰现在的情况，如文化，音乐等等。‎ 28. A 段落大意题。本段在介绍爱尔兰的历史，在 1921 年之前爱尔兰被英国统治，‎ ‎1921 年独立以后分成两个部分。BCD 三项都只是细节内容，A 项为段落大意。‎ 29. C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 In the 1840s, the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. 可知在 19 世纪 40 年代，在爱尔兰爆发的土豆疾病导致 75 万人死亡。让爱尔兰的人口大幅下降。故 C 正确。‎ 30. D 段落大意题。在最后一段中左杰介绍了爱尔兰人们的性格特征，爱尔兰的文化、音乐、语言等等方面的发展情况。该段主要在介绍爱尔兰的文化信息。故 D 项正确。‎ 31. B 标题概括题。本文属于说明文，在前两段中介绍了爱尔兰的历史，提及了爱尔兰的分裂，爱尔兰历史上的土豆危机。后两段介绍了爱尔兰现在的情况，如文化，音乐等等。所以本文主要讲述的是爱尔兰的前世今生。故 B 项正确。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 本文【小题 31】属于标题概括题。文章的标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子，它高度概括了文章内容，点明文章主题，它是文章中心思想最精练的表达形式。那如何选择文章的标题呢？如同选择文章的主题思想一样，标题要有概括性、全面性、针对性。‎ 标题要避免概括不够，即以部分代整体，或以事实细节代替具体的大意；也要避免概括过度，即脱离了文本内容的过度发挥，导致标题范围太大，缺乏针对性。像帽子一样，大小合适才行。另外，标题要简洁、突出、新颖。标题是文章的点睛之笔，所以它还要具有醒目的特点，能吸引读者。‎ 标题概括题的错误选项的干扰特征经常是：‎ ‎⑴局部信息，即选项的内容小于文章的内容； ⑵范围过宽，即选项的内容大于文章的内容。‎ 本文【小题 31】的 AC 项范围过大，D 项范围太窄，属于局部信息。‎ 考点：考查说明文阅读 ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。因为人类活动影响到灰狼数量逐渐减少，鹿群数量逐渐增加，从而造成植被遭到大量破坏。‎ 32. 主旨大意题。文章开门见山指出黄石公园引进灰狼的举措，之后在下文详细介绍了原因以及带来的良好的转机，由此判断本文主要是关于美国黄石公园对灰狼的引进。故选 B。‎ 33. 词义猜测题。根据本段后两句可知，因为人类的发展，侵占了灰狼的领域，灰狼逐渐向北迁徙，由此推断灰狼被人类排挤走了。故选 A。‎ 34. 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；而且红狐和海狸也不断减少，由此推断灰狼的消失引起了当地生态的破坏。故选 D。‎ 35. 推理判断题。根据文章末段末句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实 验，是很值得推广的。可知作者对黄石公园引进灰狼的态度是”积极的，赞成的“，故选 C。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。‎ ‎34.D【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的（2）一一语言转述型。正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。‎ ‎【答案定位】第三段 The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results.定位答案位置在第三段。.‎ ‎【推理关系】题干 What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？☞文章内容 Deer and elk populations—major food sources for the wolf—grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly.大意：灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；而且红狐和海狸也不断减少，‎ ‎【答案】☞D 选项 Damage to local ecology ‎【解析】本文作者针对如何克服害羞这一问题给出了自己的一些建议。‎ 36. 语义理解题。根据 If you find yourself being shy about a lot of things, you need to understand that being shy is a very big obstacle(障碍) to one's success. 可知这里意思是 “好的事情是你可以克服它”，选 D。‎ 37. 语义理解题。根据 First of all, you need to discover and understand the causes of your shyness. 可知这里意思是你需要深挖你害羞的根源，选 A。‎ 38. 语义理解题。根据 If this is the cause, you need to stop this in your mind. 可知这里意思是尝试用你生活中积极的事情来取代它，选 G。‎ 39. 语义理解题。One way to stop your shyness in your mind is to focus less on your weakness. 这里提到了少关注你的缺点，选 C。（取而代之的是，要多关注你的优势。）‎ 40. 语义理解题。根据 Maybe the strength you're given is in writing. And if you think there still a lot for you to improve on your strengths and talents, that's okay too. 可知这里意思是你所要做的就是花时间把自己训练成你优势的主人，选 F。‎ ‎【解析】本文讲了两个好朋友一起去爬山，他们上山的时候很顺利，但是下山的时候遇到了麻烦，虽然历经艰险，但是最终他们都活了下来。‎ 41. B 考查副词。他们成功登上了顶峰。hurriedly 匆忙地，carefully 小心地， early 早期的， successfully 成功地。‎ 42. A 考查形容词。根据 Joe fell and broke his leg. 可知在他们回来的路上情况非常困难。similar 相似的，difficult 困难的， special 特别的，normal 正常的。‎ 43. D 考查动词。他们两个人都知道如果 Simon 继续独自走，他很可能安全地返回。 climbed 攀登， worked 工作， continued 继续， rested 休息。‎ ‎44.C 考查副词。他们两个人都知道如果 Simon 继续独自走，他很可能安全地返回。 safely 安全地， unwillingly 不情愿地， slowly 慢慢地，regretfully 遗憾地。‎ 45. B 考查名词。根据 and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope（绳）.可知 Simon 决定冒生命的危险。fortune 运气， time 时间， health 健康，life 生命。‎ 46. C 考查动词。当他们向下走的时候，天气变得愈发糟糕。went 走， lay 躺下， settled 解决，looked 看。‎ 47. A 考查名词。根据 They couldn’t see or hear each other and 可知另外一个麻烦出现了。storm 暴风雨，trouble 麻烦，change 变化，damage 损害。‎ 48. D 考查固定短语。由 Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）可知这是由于差错。by choice 出于选择，by chance 偶然，by mistake 由于差错，by luck 侥幸地。‎ 49. C 考查形容词。让 Joe 爬上来或者是 Simon 把他拉上来，都是不可能的。 unnecessary 不必要的，impossible 不可能的，important 重要的，practical 实际的。‎ 50. A 考查名词。Joe 的重量，把 Simon 慢慢地拉向悬崖。height 高度，strength 力量， weight 重量， equipment 设备。‎ 45. C 考查副词。最终，在经过一个小时的黑暗和寒冷以后，Simon 不得不作出决定。‎ Quickly 迅速地， Patiently 耐心地，Surely 当然，Finally 最后。‎ 46. A 考查动词短语。最终，在经过一个小时的黑暗和寒冷以后，Simon 不得不作出决定。stand back 退后，make a decision 做出决定， take a rest 休息一会儿， hold on 等一下。‎ 47. D 考查固定短语。根据 In tears, he cut the rope. 可知 Joe 落入冰下的一个大的裂缝中。 fall into 落入，是固定短语。‎ 48. B 考查固定短语。他不能走，但是他设法从那个裂缝中逃出来了并且开始朝他们的帐篷移动。manage to do sth. 设法完成某事。‎ 49. B 考查动词。他不能走，但是他设法从那个裂缝中逃出来了并且开始朝他们的露营移动，差不多十公里远。 move 移动， skate 溜冰，run 经营，march 行进。‎ 50. D 考查副词。他不能走，但是他设法从那个裂缝中逃出来了并且开始朝他们的露营移动，差不多十公里远。away 在远处， around 到处， above 在上面，along 沿着。‎ 51. B 考查动词短语。Simon 回到了山脚下的露营地。headed for 前往， traveled to 去旅行，returned to 回到，left for 动身去。‎ 52. A 考查形容词。他认为 Joe 一定已经死了。 hurt 受伤， late 晚的，weak 虚弱的， dead 死去。‎ 53. C 考查副词。但是他不想立即离开。 secretly 秘密地，immediately 立即，tiredly 疲劳地，anxiously 忧虑地。‎ 54. A 考查动词。根据 Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive. 可知他无法相信。find 发现， accept 接受， make 制造，believe 相信。‎ 55. is 考查系动词。句意：英语是用做什么的?此句式特殊疑问句，主语是 English，故用 is。‎ 56. learning 考查动名词。句意：一些人认为英语是练习语法规则以及记忆单词。这里动名词短语 practicing grammar rules 和 learning lists of words 为并列结构。故这里用 learning。‎ 57. longer 考查比较级。句意：单词量越大越好。这里考察“the＋比较级…the＋比较级”句型表示越来越。故填 longer。‎ 58. but 考察连词句意：很多学生知道几百条语法规则，但是他们不能准确流利地说英语。根据句意可知前后句为转折关系，故这里答案为 but。‎ 59. flently 考察副词句意：他们不能准确流利地说英语。这里用副词 flently 修饰动词 speak。‎ 60. spoken 考察被动语态过去分词句意：英语在全世界被广泛的使用。这里主语 It 指代 English 和动词之间被动关系，故 spoken。‎ 61. on 考察介词句意：你可以通过收音机听英语歌。on the radio 从无线电广播获得信息。‎ 62. or 考查连词。句意：你可以通过收音机听英语歌或者通过网络用英语和全世界的人交流。这里选择关系，用 or。‎ 63. communicating 考查介词 with 后跟复合宾主。many people 与 communicate 是主动关系，所以作宾补足语的 communicate 应用现在分词。‎ 45. It 考察 it 做形式主语的用法。句意：每天这么多的人用英语交流，精通英语会变得越来越重要。这里用形式主语 it 指代真正的主语 have a good knowledge of English。‎ 考点：考查词汇和语法运用能力 ‎【名师点睛】‎ it 作形式主语：‎ it 作形式主语，主要分为下列三种情况：不定式作主语、动名词作主语和名词从句作主语。‎ 具体分析如下：一.不定式作真正主语：‎ 主要用于下列句型：‎ ‎⒈It + is/was + adj./n. (形容词或名词） +to do sth.‎ A. 名词作表语。主要有 a pity,a pleasure,an idea 等。例如：‎ In fact it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.。‎ B. 形容词或形容词短语作表语。分两种情况 ‎1.kind,good,nice,clever,wrong,right,foolish,wise,unwise,stupid,rude,careless,cruel,brave,n aughty,polite,selfish 等词作表语时，不定式前常可加一个由 of 引起的短语，来说明不定式指的是谁的情况。形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的特征，即形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等。例如：‎ It was foolish of you to leave school.你中途退学，真是傻瓜。‎ It was brave of her to speak out in public. 她能当众大声讲话，真勇敢。‎ ‎2）其他形容词作表语，常见的形容词有：necessary,hard， important,difficult,easy,possible，common 等。例如：‎ It is necessary to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes. 必须用短波收音机才能收到节目。‎ 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加 for + 名词或代词+ to do sth.(for 后的宾语不能作句子的主语）。名词或代词作不定式的逻辑主语，即表示不定式所指动作的执行者。在此句型中，形容词只对不定式行为者作某种描述，而不涉及其品行。例如：‎ It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. 对于一个人来说做点好事并不难。需要注意的是：动词不定式作主语，一般情况下用 it 作形式主语，而把动词不定式 ‎（从句）放在后面。也可以直接用不定式作主语。例如;‎ It is wrong to tell lies. =" To" tell lies is wrong. 撒谎是不对的。但在疑问句和感叹句中，只能用 it 作形式主语。例如：‎ Isn't it a good idea to have a walk around? 出去兜一圈难道不是一个好主意吗？‎ What a pleasure it is to work with you! 同你一起工作是多么愉快啊！ ⒊It + v. + to do sth.‎ 动词不定式作主语时除动词 be 以外，动词 take,cost， need,require,make,sound,occur 等也可用 it 作形式主语，而把动词不定式放在后面。例如：‎ It took us three years to complete the project. 我们花费三年时间才完成了这项工程。‎ It needed hard work to finish the job. 要完成这项工作需要努力地工作。二..动名词作真正主语用于这种形式的是一些特定的形容词和名词。例如：‎ It was nice meeting you. 见到你真高兴! （分别时用）‎ 它与不定式作真正主语的区别在于，动名词说到的动作已经发生。例如：‎ It is nice to meet you. （刚刚见面时用)‎ it 作形式主语，动名词作真正主语主要用于下列句型：‎ It's +n.（名词或名词短语）/adj.（形容词）+ doing sth.‎ 1） 下列形容词后常用动名词作真正主语：‎ nice,good,useless,hard,foolish,enjoyable,worthwhile 等。例如：‎ It is nice talking to you. 跟你交谈真是愉快。‎ It's foolish behaving like that. 这样的表现是很愚蠢的。‎ It is useless doing that. 那样做没用。‎ 2） 下列名词或名词短语作表语时常用动名词作真正主语：use,good,fun,a waste of,job,task 等。例如：‎ It's a waste of time doing this. 这样做是浪费时间的。‎ It's no good (use) doing that. 那样做没好处（没用）。‎ It's an awful job doing this. 做这事真是一件可怕的差事。‎ It's fun doing this. 做这事真有趣。‎ It is not an easy task doing this work. 做这工作真非易事.‎ 三．.名词从句作真正主语用 it 作形式主语的结构主要用于下列句型： It +谓语+名词从句（主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）‎ ‎⒈It is +名词+从句：这样的名词有 a fact,a surprise,an honor（非常荣幸），a pity,common knowledge（常识）等。例如：‎ It is common knowledge that the full moon brings fair weather. 皓月兆天晴，这是常识。‎ It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question. 你对这个问题作了这样的回答，令人吃惊。‎ ‎⒉It is +形容词+从句: 这样的形容词有 natural,true,strange,necessary,important,obvious ‎（很明显），certain,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,probable 等。例如：‎ It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city. 我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗，这是一定的。‎ It is probable that he has known everything. 很可能他什么都已经知道了。‎ ‎⒊It +动词+从句：这样的动词有 seem,happen,appear,look,matter,make,strike,occur（突然想起）等。‎ It appeared that he had a taste for music. 看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力。‎ It made us very happy that she was saved.她能化险为夷令我们大家很高兴。‎ ‎⒋It + be + 分词+从句：这样的分词有 said（据说）， reported（据报道），believed ‎（人们相信），known（众所周知），decided（已决定），proved（已证实）， thought,expected,annouced,arranged,amusing,puzzling,striking 等。例如：‎ It is said that Li Hao has been to Europe.据说李郝去过欧洲。‎ It was amusing that a rabbit ran out of the empty box on the desk.桌上的空盒子里竟然跑出来一只兔子，太有趣了。‎ 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）‎ ‎【解析】试题分析：该文讲述作者的梦想是想成为一名医生，并决定为之努力。‎ ‎【小题 1】have→has 考查主谓一致。主语为 everyone，故谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎【小题 2】enter→entered 考查谓语。since 从句用过去时态。‎ ‎【小题 3】go→going 考查非谓语动词。with+宾语+宾补，宾补动词 go 与宾语 life 为主动意义关系，故用 doing 形式作宾语补语。‎ ‎【小题 4】kind→kinds 考查名词。different kinds of 各种不同的。‎ ‎【小题 5】become 后加 a 考查冠词。表泛指，故加 a。‎ ‎【小题 6】去掉 but 考查连词。but 不能与 although 连用。‎ ‎【小题 7】health→healthy 考查形容词。保持健康 keep healthy。‎ ‎【小题 8】me→myself 考查代词。该处意为“告诉我自己”，代词用 myself。‎ ‎【小题 9】on→to 考查介词。pay attention to 注意……。‎ ‎【小题 10】hardly→hard 考查副词。work hard 努力学习，hardly 意为“几乎不”。‎ ‎【名师点睛】关于改错题的建议 ‎1.名词和限制词的搭配 主要涉及可数与不可数名词与冠词、指示代词、物主代词的错误搭配，以及名词的单复数的误用。如【小题 4】kind 改为 kinds 考查名词。各种不同的 different kinds of ‎2.动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词 常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象，以及动词的谓语与非谓语形式、非谓语动词之间的误用。如【小题 2】enter 改为 entered 考查谓语。since 从句用过去时态。‎ ‎3.代词的误用 主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反;应当用形容词性的物主代词用了名词性等。如【小题 8】me 改为 myself 考查代词。该处意为 ‎“告诉我自己”，代词用 myself ‎4.数词的误用 主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，以及 hundred, thousand, dozen, score 等词和具体数量词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。‎ ‎5.形容词与副词 主要涉及到形容词和副词的原级、比较级与最高级的误用，以及形容词和副词的误用以及名词和形容词的混用等。如【小题 7】health 改为 healthy 考查形容词。保持健康 keep healthy ‎6.考查英语中的并列现象在一些英语中的并列结构中没有用并列的语法结构，如并列连词连接的两个部分等。‎ ‎7.考查上下文的逻辑关系 but, and, so，however, otherwise 等一些并列连词和连接副词的误用。before, after, when, until, since 等状语从句引导词的误用等。还有肯定和否定的误用等。‎ ‎8.一些相似结构的误用 如 used to do, be used to do, be used to doing 等结构的误用。‎ ‎9.惯用法的搭配。如【小题 9】on 改为 to 考查介词。pay attention to 固定搭配。‎ 改错步骤 上述 9 个方面，同学们在做题时只要稍加留意，找出错误的比率就会增大很多。做短文改错题时一般遵循以下几个步骤：‎ ‎1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确，时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。‎ ‎2.聚焦出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识，分句(注意以句子为单位而不是以行为单位)对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答(即改词、加词或减词)。‎ ‎3.再次通读全文，校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到，如果出现了某一种改法(如加词、减词等)没有用到，要考虑自己的改错应该有问题，要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。在自己认为正确的行后划勾，并且校对其他行改正的符号是否准确，大小写是否拼写正确(这点同学们很容易忽视)。如果某一行有两种改错方式要推敲哪一种是最佳改法。‎ 考点：考查固定搭配以及语法