2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之十一：特殊句式

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之十一：特殊句式

‎2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之十一：特殊句式 语法填空常考点 短文改错常考点 写作常用句式 ‎1.强调句型中的that/who；‎ ‎2.there be句型中的be的形式；‎ ‎3.部分倒装与全部倒装中谓语的形式；‎ ‎4.祈使句中的谓语动词形式。‎ ‎1.强调句中that和who的误用；‎ ‎2.there be句型中be与have的误用或错用；‎ ‎3.倒装句中助动词或系动词的缺失或误用；‎ ‎4.感叹句中what和how 的误用；‎ ‎5.祈使句中动词原形的误用。‎ ‎1.there is no point/sense in doing sth.“做某事没有意义”‎ ‎2.there is (no) difficulty in doing sth.“做某事(没)有困难”‎ ‎3.there is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that ...“(做)某事(没)有可能性”‎ ‎4.there is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”‎ ‎5.there is no need to do ...“没必要做……”‎ ‎6.there is no denying that ...“不可否认……”‎ ‎7.It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...‎ 强调句型 ‎1．强调句型基本结构 ‎(1)强调句型基本结构为“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分” ‎ ‎(2)借助于助动词do/does/did对谓语动词进行强调。‎ It is with your generous help that I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.‎ 在你慷慨的帮助下，我认为我会很快地适应大学生活的。‎ I do hope you can make great progress in your Chinese learning study. Looking forward to your early reply.‎ 我真的希望你能在中文学习上取得很大的进步。期待您的早日回复。‎ ‎2．与含状语从句的主从复合句的区别 ‎(1)与“It is/was＋时间名词＋when ...”的区别 ‎“It is/was＋时间名词＋when ...”句型中，it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。时间名词前无介词。‎ It was 6 o'clock when I got up today.(主从复合句)‎ 今天我起床时已经6点了。‎ It was at 6 o'clock that I got up today.(强调句型)‎ 今天我是6点起的床。‎ ‎(2)与“It is/was＋时间段＋since ...”的区别 It is two years since I taught English.‎ 我不教英语两年了。‎ It is two years since I began to teach English.‎ 我教英语已经两年了。‎ It is two hours that he spends on English every day.‎ 他每天花两个小时学英语。‎ ‎(3)与“It was/will be＋时间段＋before ...”的区别 ‎“It was/will be＋时间段＋before ...”句型中，it指时间，before引导时间状语从句。‎ It was two years before he came back from abroad.(时间状语从句)‎ 过了两年他才回国。‎ It was two years later that he came back from abroad. (强调句型)‎ 他是两年后回国的。‎ 倒装句 倒装是高考考查的常考点，高考不只是单纯考查倒装，而是常把倒装与时态、主谓一致等结合在一起进行考查，增加了考查的难度，因此考生一定要把倒装的基本用法牢记在心。倒装分为完全倒装与部分倒装。‎ ‎1．完全倒装 当作状语的here, there, now, then, down, up, out/in, off, away等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或表示地点的介词短语置于句首且主语为名词时，句子要完全倒装。但当主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。‎ John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.‎ 约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。‎ At the foot of the mountain stands an old temple, which dates back to Ming Dynasty.‎ 一座追溯至明朝的古老的寺庙屹立在山脚下。‎ ‎2．部分倒装 ‎(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装；‎ You should have a thorough understanding of what you are going to read. Only by doing this can you appreciate its beauty.‎ 你应该对你要读的内容有一个全面的了解。只有这样做，你才能欣赏它的美丽。‎ ‎(2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely等及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时要部分倒装；‎ Never before have I seen such a moving film.‎ ‎＝I have never seen such a moving film before.‎ 以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。‎ ‎(3)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用部分倒装结构so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语；‎ They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.‎ 他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些有残疾的人也是如此。‎ ‎(4)So＋adj./adv. ...that .../Such＋adj.＋n. ...＋that ...“如此……以至于……”；‎ So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.‎ 天气太冷，我们只好待在家里。‎ ‎(5)Not only ...but also ...“不仅……而且……”，Not only后是主谓倒装，but also后是正常语序；‎ Not only can it broaden our horizons but it also deepens our thoughts.‎ 它不仅能开阔我们的视野，而且能加深我们的思想。‎ ‎(6)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首，构成部分倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词；‎ Child as he is, he knows a lot about the history of China.尽管他是个孩子，但他对中国历史知道很多。‎ ‎(7)在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, should常提到主语前面，构成部分倒装。‎ Were I you, I would have followed his helpful advice.‎ 如果我是你，我就采纳了他的有益建议。‎ there be句型 there be句型是高考考查的重点语法项目，近年来高考均考查其最基本的用法，因此考生只需要掌握以下基本用法即可。‎ ‎1．there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。‎ There have been many great changes in our country since then.‎ 自从那时起我们国家发生了很多巨变。‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)There is a short English film — Growing Together this weekend, which is mainly related to the development of our school.‎ 这个周末有一部主要关于我校发展的英文短片Growing Together。‎ ‎2．there be句型中的be有时可以用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, lie等替换。‎ There seems to be an announcement about the project.‎ 关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。‎ There remains some confusion about the nature of online teaching.‎ 人们对于在线教育的性质还存在一些疑惑。‎ ‎3．there be句型的主谓一致，如果主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词be应和离它最近的主语保持一致。‎ There is a knife and two pens in his pocket.‎ 他的口袋里有一把小刀和两支钢笔。‎ ‎4．there be句型的常用结构 there is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”‎ there is no need to do ...“没有必要做……”‎ there is no denying that ...“不可否认……”‎ there is no point/sense in doing sth.‎ ‎“做某事没有意义”‎ there is (no) difficulty in doing sth.‎ ‎“做某事(没)有困难”‎ there is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that ...‎ ‎“(做)某事(没)有可能性”‎ ‎(2018·6月浙江高考写作)To be honest, I have just won the first prize in the Spoken English Competition, so there is no doubt that there is not any problem for me to communicate with foreigners.‎ 诚实地说， 在英语口语比赛中我获得了一等奖， 因此与外国人交流对我来说没有困难。‎ There is no denying that it was my teacher's encouragement and help that resulted in my steady progress.‎ 不可否认，是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。 ‎ ‎(江苏高考书面表达)As far as I'm concerned, there is still much room for improvement.‎ 就我个人而言，还有很大改进的余地。‎ ‎5．There is a famous saying that ...“有句名言说……”‎ ‎(四川高考书面表达)There is a famous saying that “Good habits lead to good endings.”， which shows the importance of habits.‎ 有句名言说：“好习惯带来好结果。”，这表明了习惯的重要性。‎ Ⅰ.语法填空题点全练 ‎1．(2018·天津高考改编)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, make (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ ‎3．(2015·天津高考改编)Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.‎ ‎4．(2019·哈尔滨六校联考)Such good use does he make of his spare time that his English has improved a lot.‎ ‎5．Give me a chance, and I'll give you a wonderful surprise.‎ ‎6．(2019·广东三校联考)It was not until dark that he found what he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.‎ ‎7．The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. What a dangerous scene it was!‎ ‎8．As far as I can see, there is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time.‎ ‎9．(2018·安徽屯溪模拟)Don't be discouraged. Take (take) things as ‎ they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.‎ ‎10．(2019·山西八校联考)Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear. Overcome it, and we will be able to achieve our goals.‎ Ⅱ.短文改错题点全练 ‎1．(2019·山东菏泽一模)As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others don't. There is several reasons.第二个is→are ‎2．(2019·福建福州八中高三质检)Therefore, it was no doubt that I was left alone, suffering from loneliness and failure.it→there ‎3．(2019·湖南株洲教学质量检测)How an interesting country to live in！How→What ‎4．(2019·山西重点中学协作体一模)When taken exams, we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.taken→taking ‎5．Just as the old saying goes, “Happiness lies in contentment.” Only in this way we relax ourselves and achieve more progress.way后加can/will ‎6．(2019·青岛模拟)I had trouble overcoming my addiction to alcohol, and so was my friend Mike. was→did ‎7．It is the stable and comfortable life where has destroyed the young man's ambition to be a great explorer.where→that ‎8．Standing on the top of the tower and you'll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.Standing→Stand ‎[课堂应用体验]‎ Ⅰ.完成句子并改写 ‎1．直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是一位著名影星。‎ I didn't realize she was a famous film star until_she_took_off_her_dark_glasses．‎ ‎→It_was_not_until_she_took_off_her_dark_glasses_that I realized she was a famous film star. (改为强调句，强调时间状语)‎ ‎2．只有通过每天花费至少两个小时学英语，你才能快速提高你的英语水平。‎ You can improve your English level quickly only_by_spending_at_least_two_hours ‎__learning_English_every_day．‎ ‎→Only_by_spending_at_least_two_hours_learning_English_every_day_can_you improve your English level quickly.(改为倒装句)‎ ‎3．当我们遇到麻烦时，我们总可以依靠的是我们的父母。‎ We can always depend_on_our_parents when we're in trouble.‎ ‎→It_is_our_parents_that we can always depend on when we're in trouble.(改为强调句，强调宾语)‎ ‎4．你不必担心他，因为他既聪明又有经验。‎ You needn't_worry_about_him as he is clever and experienced.‎ ‎→There_is_no_need_to_worry_about_him as he is clever and experienced. (改为there be句型)‎ ‎5．他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。‎ He speaks_English_so_clearly_that he can always make himself understood.‎ ‎→So_clearly_does_he_speak_English_that he can always make himself understood.(改为倒装句)‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎(2019·山东省部分重点中学调研)The cheongsam is a female dress with distinctive Chinese features and enjoys growing __1__ (popular) in the international world of high fashion. The name “cheongsam” __2__ (mean) simply “long dress” entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of China's Guangdong Province. In other parts of the country including Beijing, however, it __3__ (know) as “qipao”， which has a history behind it.‎ After the early Manchu (满族的) rulers came to China, the Manchu women wore __4__ (normal) a onepiece dress which came to be called “qipao”. __5__ the 1911 Revolution ended the rule of the Qing Dynasty, the female dress survived the political change and, with later improvements, has become the traditional dress for Chinese women.‎ The cheongsam, __6__ neck is high, collar closed, fits well the Chinese female figure, and its sleeves may be either short, medium or full ‎ __7__ (long), depending on seasons or tastes. In addition, it is not too complicated __8__ (make). Nor __9__ it need too much material. Another beauty of the cheongsam is that it can be worn either __10__ casual or formal occasions. In either case, it creates an impression of simple and quiet charm, elegance and neatness.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要对中国的特色服装——旗袍做了简要说明。‎ ‎1．popularity　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词作“enjoys”的宾语，故填popularity，且popularity为不可数名词。‎ ‎2．meaning　考查非谓语动词。空处和句子谓语“entered”之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。因为空处和句子主语“The name”之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。‎ ‎3．is known　考查动词时态和语态。此处是对客观情况的一般性描述，应用一般现在时；it与know之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。‎ ‎4．normally　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词normally修饰动词“wore”，在句子中作状语。‎ ‎5．Although/Though/While　考查连词。根据语境可知，上下句之间表示逻辑上的让步关系，故用连词Although/Though/While引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎6．whose　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作定语，应用whose。‎ ‎7．length　考查名词。由空前的形容词“full”‎ 可知，空处应用名词length。‎ ‎8．to make　考查固定用法。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定用法：too ...to do sth.意为“太……而不能做某事”。‎ ‎9．does　考查倒装句。否定副词放句首，句子要部分倒装，即助动词放在主语之前；由本段的时态可知，应用一般现在时，故填does。‎ ‎10．on　考查介词。on ...occasion意为“在……场合下”，为固定搭配，故用介词on。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2019·江西八所重点中学高三联考)It was on a warm autumn day that my father and I walk into my new high school. After registered in the classroom, the volunteer took me to my dormitory. Altogether I had five roommates, two of which arrived later. I got to know my new roommate immediately. Although I was quite unwilling to say “Goodbye” to my father, but he had to leave to home. I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently. Not until then I know my senior high school life had real begun.‎ 答案：第一句：walk→walked 第二句：registered→registering; 第二个the→a 第三句：which→whom 第四句：roommate→roommates 第五句：but→yet或去掉but; leave后的to→for 第六句：me→myself 第七句：then后加did; real→really