【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题状语从句考点学案（14页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题状语从句考点学案（14页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题状语从句考点学案 时间状语从句 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·北京高考改编)If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time, as/when the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.‎ ‎3．(2015·天津高考改编)We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 一、when/while/as引导时间状语从句 ‎ as, when, while用法一览表 引导词 作　用 as as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生，可以译为“随着”、“一边……一边……”。‎ when 既可以表示在某一时间点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。‎ while while表示“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。当when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。‎ When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.‎ 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。‎ Do not make any noise while I am recording.‎ 我录音时不要吵闹。‎ We always sing as we walk.‎ 我们总是边走边唱。‎ As the time went on, the weather got worse.‎ 随着时间的推移，天气更加糟糕。‎ 二、其余引导时间状语从句的引导词 ‎ ‎1．before/after/since引导的时间状语从句。‎ ‎(1)before表示“在……之前”，“一段时间＋before”表示“……时间之后……”，before有时根据语境还可以译为“没来得及”。‎ He had worked in the factory for ten years before he retired.‎ 他在这个工厂工作了十年之后退休了。‎ ‎(2)after表示“在……之后”。‎ I will go out to play basketball with you after I finish my homework.‎ 我做完功课后就会和你一起出去打篮球。‎ ‎(3)since表示“自从……”，从句中常用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时。‎ He has worked here since he graduated from college.‎ 自从大学毕业后他就一直在这里工作。‎ ‎2．as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly引导的时间状语从句。这些词或短语作为连词都有“一……就……”的意思，强调动作紧密相连。‎ He jumped off the couch the moment the telephone rang.‎ 电话一响，他就从沙发上跳起来了。‎ ‎3．一些含有time的名词短语，如every time, each time, next time, the first time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引导时间状语从句。‎ Next time you come, please bring your composition.‎ 你下次来的时候，请把你的作文带来。‎ ‎4．till和until引导的时间状语从句。‎ 如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，则用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。‎ I didn't go to bed until (till) my father came back.‎ 直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。‎ I worked until he came back.‎ 我工作到他回来为止。‎ ‎5．once引导的时间状语从句。‎ once引导时间状语从句时，表示“一旦”。‎ Once you master the skill, you will find it easy to operate the machine.‎ 一旦掌握这个技巧，你会发现操作这台机器就很简单了。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．在强调句型中多用until。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。‎ It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.‎ 直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。‎ ‎2．since后若接延续性动词或表示状态的动词过去式则表示从since后面的动作或状态结束到现在的时间。‎ It is ten years since they were married.‎ 他们离婚十年了。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left before I could ask for their names.‎ ‎2．People often don't appreciate what they have until they lose it.‎ ‎3．How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen?‎ ‎4．As he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.‎ 条件状语从句 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·北京高考改编) Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams — yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans.‎ ‎2．(2015·北京高考改编)Once/If/When the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.‎ ‎3．(2015·江苏高考改编)It is so cold that you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 ‎1．if引导的条件状语从句。‎ if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless (＝if not)表示负面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。‎ If you ask him, he will help you.‎ 如果你请求他，他会帮助你。‎ He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business.‎ 他一定会来，除非他有急事。‎ ‎2．on condition that, providing/provided (that), supposing/suppose (that)等词和词组意思相近，指“假如，假使，在……条件下”(比if更为书面化)。‎ I shall give you my dictionary on condition that you return it tomorrow.‎ 我将把我的字典借给你，如果你明天能还给我的话。‎ Suppose/Supposing (that) he does not come, what shall we do?‎ 他要是不来，我们该怎么办？‎ ‎3．as long as (＝so long as)表示充分必要条件，引导语气强烈的条件状语从句时，意为“只要”。‎ You may use the book so long as you will return it on time.‎ 只要你准时还，你就可以借这本书。‎ ‎4．when引导的条件状语从句。‎ when也可以引导条件状语从句，相当于if/in case。‎ Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.‎ 如果机器发生故障，就关上电闸。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．Unless we have enough evidence, we can't win the case.‎ ‎2._Once/If_you are aware of the trick used in advertisements, you won't be eager to buy so many unnecessary things.‎ ‎3．As is reported, it has been/is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.‎ 让步状语从句 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·北京高考改编)Although birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes. ‎ ‎2．(2015·湖南高考改编)Although/Though/While the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.‎ ‎3．(2018·天津和平区一模)Hot as/though the night air was, we slept deeply ‎ because we were so tired after the long journey.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 ‎1．although/though引导的让步状语从句。‎ 这两个词都意为“虽然；尽管”。although与though一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。‎ Although he is rich, he never wastes a coin.‎ 尽管他很富裕，但他从不浪费一分钱。‎ ‎2．as和though引导让步状语从句时的倒装。‎ as引导让步状语从句时一定要倒装，though引导让步状语从句时可以倒装，也可以不倒装。‎ Rich man as/though he is, he works hard.‎ 尽管他是个富人，但是他工作很努力。‎ ‎3．even if/even though引导的让步状语从句。‎ 这两个词组均意为“即使，纵然”。even if侧重于假设，even though侧重于事实。‎ Even if it snows tomorrow, we shall still go on business.‎ 即使明天下雪，我们也会出差的。‎ ‎4．“no matter how/what/where/who ...”和however/whatever/wherever/whoever等“特殊疑问词＋ever”结构意为“无论怎么/什么/哪里/谁……”。这些词语也可以引导让步状语从句。‎ No matter who (Whoever) breaks the rule, he will be punished.‎ 不管是谁违反了规则，他都会受到惩罚的。‎ ‎5．“whether ...or ...”可引导让步状语从句，意为“无论是否……”。‎ Whether you go or not tomorrow, we will go outing.‎ 明天不管你去或不去，我们都会去郊游的。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ 连词while有时也可表示“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。‎ While we don't agree, we continue to be friends.‎ 尽管我们意见不同，但我们还是朋友。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．Young_as/though she is, she has traveled to many countries to put on shows.‎ ‎2．(2018·江西新余一中、宜春一中联考)Wherever you're from, you can come to dance, dine, and attend outdoor and indoor concerts.‎ ‎3．Though/Although small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.‎ 结果状语从句 ‎ ——规则点拨 ‎1．引导结果状语从句的从属连词。‎ 主要有so that, so ...that ..., such ...that ...等。‎ He studied hard so that he passed the exam.‎ 他学习用功，所以通过了考试。‎ He was so angry that he couldn't speak.‎ 他气得话都说不出来。‎ ‎2．so that可以引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。‎ I came to the class early so that I could see the classmate beside me.‎ 我赶早来上课，以便看到我旁边的同学。‎ ‎3．so ...that ...与such ...that ...的用法比较。‎ so ...that ...和such ...that ...均表示“如此……以至于……”，均可引导结果状语从句，其中的such是形容词，修饰名词；so是副词，修饰形容词或副词，具体的搭配形式是：‎ ‎(1)so＋adj./adv.＋that ‎(2)so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数形式＋that ‎(3)so＋many/few＋名词复数＋that ‎(4)so＋much/little (少)＋不可数名词＋that ‎(5)such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数形式＋that ‎(6)such＋adj.＋名词复数或不可数名词＋that Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities.‎ 我们国家的煤炭非常丰富，可以大量出口。‎ ‎4．结果状语从句与不定式短语的转换。‎ 由so that和so ...that ...引导的结果状语从句有时可与表示结果的so as to和so ...as to ...引出的不定式短语转换。‎ The weather was bad, so as to make a good photo hard to take.‎ 天气恶劣，以至于难以拍出好照片。‎ He was so kind as to phone for a taxi for the patient.‎ 他是如此热心，以至于他为病人打电话叫了出租车。‎ ‎[注意事项]‎ ‎1．such ...that ...中that引导的是结果状语从句，such ...as ...中as引导的是定语从句，并在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：‎ 他是如此好的一个老师，我们都很喜欢他。‎ He is such a good teacher that we all like him.‎ He is such a good teacher as we all like.‎ ‎2．当so/such ... that ...结构中的so/such位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。‎ So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.‎ 他讲话声音那么大，甚至隔壁屋里的人都听得见。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．To such a degree was he excited that he couldn't sleep last night. ‎ ‎2．It is such fine weather that we want to go outing. ‎ ‎3．So quickly did the boy finish his homework that he was praised. ‎ ‎4．He got up very early so that he was in time for the first train. ‎ ‎5．He was so deep in thought that he knocked into the tree without noticing it. ‎ 原因、方式、目的、地点状语从句 ‎ ——典题尝试(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ改编) Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ改编) It has to continue to move, because_the way the world works is not the same.‎ ‎3．(2017·江苏高考改编) Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will ‎ contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.‎ ‎4．(2016·北京高考改编)I really enjoy listening to music because it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.‎ ‎5．(2015·浙江高考改编)Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.‎ ‎ ——规则点拨 一、原因状语从句 ‎ ‎1．原因状语从句的常见连词有because, for, since, as, now that, when等。‎ ‎2．表示“因为”的连词有because, for, as。‎ because 表示直接的、必然的原因，不能与so连用，常用来回答why所提出的问题。在强调句型中，若强调原因，只能用because，即“It is because ...that ...”。‎ for 表示推理性补充说明的原因，不能放在句首。‎ as 表示客观原因，意为“由于”，常放在句首。‎ The day has broken, for the birds are singing now.‎ 天亮了，因为鸟儿正在歌唱。‎ As it's dark, we'd better go back home now.‎ 因为天黑了，我们最好现在回家。‎ ‎3．表示“既然”的连词有since, now that, when。‎ since 表示众所周知的原因，意为“既然”，常放在句首。‎ now that 通常表示用新出现的情况作为原因。‎ when 意为“既然……”(有轻微的责备口吻)。‎ Since you can't answer the question, I'll ask someone else.‎ 既然你回答不了这个问题，我就问别人了。‎ Now that you feel sick, you can have a rest in bed.‎ 既然你病了，你可以卧床休息。‎ Why do you want to find a new job when you have a good job already?‎ 既然你已经有份好工作了为什么你还想找新工作呢？‎ 二、方式状语从句 ‎ ‎ 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as ...so ..., as if, as though引导。‎ ‎1．as, (just) as ...so ...引导的方式状语从句。‎ 通常位于主句后，但在(just) as ...so ...结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如……，就像……”，多用于正式文体。‎ Always do to the others as you would be done by.‎ 你希望他人怎样待你，你就要怎样待他人。‎ Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.‎ 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的观点。‎ ‎2．as if, as though。‎ 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大，常译作“仿佛……似的，好像……似的”。‎ They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.‎ 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。‎ It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.‎ 看来天气很快就会好起来。‎ 三、目的状语从句 ‎ 表示目的的状语从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词或词组引导；目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。‎ She takes notes carefully in class so that she may use them when she reviews her lessons after class.‎ 她在课堂上认真记笔记，以便她能在课后用它们来复习功课。‎ He shouted at the top of his voice in order that he might be heard.‎ 他尽力大声叫喊，以便别人能听见。‎ 四、地点状语从句 ‎1．地点状语从句表示地点、方位，通常由where, wherever引导，可置于句 首、句中或句尾。‎ I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise where I am sitting.‎ 因为我坐的地方噪音太大，所以听不清教授在说什么。‎ ‎2．where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别：‎ 地点状语从句与定语从句的区别在于从句在句中所作的成分，如果作状语，则是状语从句；如果作定语，则是定语从句。‎ The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother. (状语从句，其中remain为不及物动词)‎ ‎→The little girl who got lost decided to remain in the place where she was and wait for her mother. (定语从句)‎ 那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她的母亲。‎ ‎ ——对点演练(单句语法填空)‎ ‎1．The house was greatly damaged by the truck and we'd better leave it as it is until the police arrive and probably handle the situation.‎ ‎2．They decided to cancel the trip because/since/as_nobody was very enthusiastic about it.‎ ‎3．Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi where the bus had dropped her.‎ ‎4．As young men, we should learn to stand up where we fell.‎ ‎ [增分技法]‎ ‎1．用好时间状语从句来写作。‎ ‎①当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证书。‎ When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.‎ ‎②他正沿着马路骑车，这时，一辆小汽车强行超车，把他撞倒了。‎ He was riding along the road when a car cut in and knocked him down. ‎ ‎2．利用原因状语从句中的高级句式来写作。‎ 既然你不得不整天待在教室里，你倒不如利用这个机会全身心地投入到学习上。‎ Now that you have to stay in the classroom all day, you might as well put your heart into your studies. ‎ ‎3．用好方式状语从句。 ‎ 你可以按照上次我告诉你的那样下载这个软件。‎ You can download the software as I told you last time.‎ ‎4．正确利用目的状语从句来写作。‎ 我们的父母日夜工作，为的是我们能过上更好的生活。‎ Our parents work day and night in order that we can enjoy a better life. ‎ ‎5．利用条件状语从句中的高级句式来写作。 ‎ 只要你坚持按你制订的提高英语的计划来，你的英语就会越来越好。‎ As long as you stick to the plan you've made to improve your English, your English will get better and better.‎ ‎6．正确利用让步状语从句来写作。 ‎ 尽管我们的政府已采取了一些措施，但是污染却越来越严重。‎ Although our government has taken some measures, the pollution is still getting worse and worse.‎ ‎[巧用增分]‎ ‎①随着时间的流逝，我渐渐对自己失去了信心。(lose confidence in, gradually, as time goes by)‎ I_lost_confidence_in_myself_gradually_as_time_went_by.‎ ‎②当我正在认真做作业的时候，他把我的书推下了书桌。(sweep ...off, while)‎ He_swept_my_books_off_the_desk_while_I_was_doing_my_assignment_attentively.‎ ‎③今天下午我没空，因为我和牙医有约。(appointment)‎ I'm_not_free/available_this_afternoon_because_I_have/have_made_an_appointment_with_my_dentist.‎ ‎④他英语说得非常流利，好像他就是一个母语是英语的人一样。(fluently, as if, native speaker)‎ He_speaks_English_very_fluently_as_if_he_were_a_native_speaker.‎ ‎⑤为了在期末考试中能拿到班级第一名，我每天早上五点钟就起床。(so as to, get the first place)‎ I_get_up_at_5_a．m._every_day_so_as_to_get_the_first_place_in_our_class_in_the_final_exam.‎ ‎[题点对点练] ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Hard though/as he tried, he made little progress.‎ ‎2．Whether_you are traveling near or far, we've got a few good and useful tips on saving money and packing smartly.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ改编)_If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags.‎ ‎4．(2016·10月浙江高考改编) Respect them and value their opinions, even if they annoy you sometimes.‎ ‎5．Whatever we wear, our family and friends are likely to accept us without any conditions, but the workplace may not.‎ ‎6．As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.‎ ‎7．It will not be long before you get accustomed to driving on the left side of the road in Britain.‎ ‎8．He said he wouldn't stop trying unless he got satisfying scores in his studies.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket but became quite upset.but→and ‎2．Although history can't be changed, but lessons can be learned to face the future.去掉but或but→yet ‎3．With you grow older, you'll know better and better about yourself.With→As ‎4．Great changes have taken place after you left this city.after→since ‎5．(2018·东北三省四市联考)An art gallery made me an offer of D|S5,000 for this painting and I nearly sold it, so then I decided not to.so→but ‎6．Though you're interested in it, you can buy it via the Internet.Though→If Ⅲ.单句写作 ‎1．我一听到这个消息，就急不可待地想告诉父母。(the moment, can't wait to)‎ I_couldn't_wait_to_tell_my_parents_the_moment_I_heard_the_news.‎ ‎2．每次我想尽力说服他们，但总是以争吵结束。(try to persuade, end up ‎ quarrelling)‎ Every_time_I_tried_to_persuade_them,_we_always_ended_up_quarrelling.‎ ‎3．尽管他们认为我说得有道理，但他们仍坚持让我辍学。(even though, reasonable, insist on, drop out of school)‎ Even_though_they_think_what_I_said_is_reasonable,_they_still_insist_on_my_dropping_out_of_school.‎ ‎[题型综合练] ‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎ ‎(2018·山西太原一模)A mouse, because of a(n) __1__ (luck) chance, made close friends with an evil frog. One day, __2__ frog played a trick on the mouse by __3__ (tie) a foot of the mouse to his own. At first, both of them joined together and the frog __4__ (lead) his friend toward the pool in which he lived, and didn't stop __5__ he reached the side of the water. Then the frog suddenly jumped into the water and the mouse was pulled in with __6__ (he). The frog enjoyed the water and swam in it around, happily crying __7__ if he had done a great deed. The unhappy mouse died soon in the water, and his dead body floated around on the surface, __8__ (fasten) to the foot of the frog. A hawk saw the dead mouse, suddenly flew down towards it, caught it and flew away. The frog, still tied to the foot of the mouse, was also carried of as a __9__ (prison), and he __10__ (eat) by the hawk.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了一个有关老鼠和青蛙的故事，说明了一个道理，即害人终害己。‎ ‎1．unlucky　设空处前为不定冠词，后为名词，由此可推断设空处应为形容词作定语，根据语境可知这只老鼠运气不佳，故填unlucky。‎ ‎2．the　设空处后的名词frog是第二次被提到，表示特指，故填定冠词the。‎ ‎3．tying　介词by后需用动名词形式作宾语，故填tie的动名词形式tying。‎ ‎4．led　根据上下文以及“and didn't stop”可知设空处应该用一般过去时，故填led。‎ ‎5．until　本句使用了“not ... until ...”句型，意为“直到……才……”。‎ ‎6．him　句意：后来那只青蛙突然跳进水里，那只老鼠也随之被拉进水中。介词后需用代词的宾格形式，根据提示词he可知设空格处填him。‎ ‎7．as　句意：好像他做了一件大事似的。as if“好像”。‎ ‎8．fastened　主语与空格处之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故填fastened。‎ ‎9．prisoner　根据设空处前的不定冠词，可推知设空处应为名词，故填prisoner。‎ ‎10．was eaten　设空处讲的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时；he与eat之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2018·河南中原名校一联) ‎ Dear Sir or Madam, ‎ I'm Wang Lin. My younger brother, who was a junior middle school student, wants to receive education in our International Department. I'm writing to get some informations on the issue. ‎ To begin with, I'd like know when the entrance examination will take place but which subjects will be tested. In addition to, could you tell me the tuition and the relative rules about the scholarship? Finally, before finishing the studies in your school, which foreign universities could one apply for? ‎ I would be gratefully if you could be so kind to provide me for the information and I am looking forward to your early reply. ‎ Yours faithfully，‎ Wang Lin 答案：第二句：was→is; our→your 第三句：informations→information 第四句：like后加to; but→and 第五句：去掉to 第六句：before→after; could→can 第七句：gratefully→grateful; for→with