高考英语一轮复习精讲学案:名词性从句

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高考英语一轮复习精讲学案:名词性从句

名词性从句 名词性从句的几个难点 that通常不可省略的三种情况 ‎(1)引导主语从句,that置于句首时。‎ That he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.‎ 他考试不及格让父母很失望。‎ ‎(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略。‎ I wished (that) we could go sighting in Hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in Shanghai.‎ 我希望今年夏天我们能去杭州旅游,并在返程时在上海买些书回来。‎ ‎(3)由it作形式宾语时,that引导的宾语从句中,that也不可省略。‎ He has made it clear that he wouldn’t agree to the plan.‎ 他已清楚表明不同意这项计划。‎ what和that在名词性从句中的区别 ‎ ‎(1)what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语,意义上相当于the thing(s) that,引导主语从句时,其谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数而定;what引导的从句可作介词的宾语从句。‎ What he wants are those books.他需要的是那些书。‎ What he wants is some water.他需要的是一些水。‎ A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.一个现代化的城市已经在10年前还是一块废地的地方建造起来了。‎ ‎(2)that不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,无任何意义;引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,谓语动词用单数;引导宾语从句时,常被省略;that从句一般不充当介词宾语,偶尔可作except,in的宾语。‎ That she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.‎ ‎(=It seems unlikely that she will refuse the offer.)‎ 她不可能拒绝那个建议。‎ I have found (that) all the tickets have been sold out.‎ 我发现所有的票已售完。‎ He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.‎ 除了有点粗心之外,他是一个好学生。‎ whether与if的用法比较 ‎(1)二者均可作“是否”讲,都可以引导名词性从句,引导宾语从句可以互换。‎ I don’t know whether/if he’ll attend the meeting.‎ 我不知道他是否会出席会议。‎ ‎(2)在下列情况下,常用whether,不用if。‎ ‎①whether引导从句可以放于句首。‎ Whether he comes or not makes no difference.‎ 他来不来都一样。‎ ‎②whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句,if不可。‎ The question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon.他是否入队的问题还没决定。‎ The question is whether it is worth trying.‎ 问题是这是否值得一试。‎ ‎③whether可以作介词宾语,if则不可。‎ I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll lend him the money.关于是否借给他钱的问题,我还没最后决定。‎ ‎④whether后可以加不定式,if不可。‎ He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait.‎ 他不知道是该结婚还是该等待。‎ ‎⑤可以说whether...or引导让步状语从句,“无论,不论”,if则不可。‎ Whether it rains or snows,I don’t care.‎ 无论下雨还是下雪,我都不在乎。‎ that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别 ‎(1)that 作为关系代词引导定语从句,在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时常可省略;that引导同位语从句时,起连词作用,无实义,也不作句子的任何成分,一般不能省略。‎ The news (that) he told me surprised me.‎(定语从句)‎ 他告诉我的消息让我很吃惊。‎ The news that he gave in surprised me.‎(同位语从句)‎ 他投降的消息让我很吃惊。‎ ‎(2)能跟同位语从句的通常是抽象名词,常见的有belief(信念),fact(事实),idea(想法),hope(‎ 希望),doubt(怀疑),news(新闻),problem(问题),order(命令),decision(决定),discovery(发现),information(信息),knowledge(知识),opinion(观点),truth(事实),report(报道),thought(想法)等,同位语从句用于说明这些名词的具体内容。而跟定语从句的名词则范围广泛。‎ The fact that the transport of the goods cost too much was not discussed.运费太高这一事实没有被讨论。‎ We have strong belief that we will win the war.‎ 我们对能赢得这场战争抱有坚定的信心。‎ We have some doubt whether they can come on time.‎ 我们怀疑他们是否能准时来。‎ ‎1.(2009年江西卷)The fact has worried many scientists________the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.‎ A.what      B.which C.that D.though ‎【解析】 本题考查同位语从句。句意为:近年来全球气候不断变暖,这一事实使得很多科学家感到担忧。该题同位语从句结构完整,故选连词that。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎2.(2009年北京卷)At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see________it got any better.‎ A.when B.how C.why D.if ‎【解析】 句意为:一开始他不喜欢这份新工作,但还是决定给自己几个月的时间来看一看是否情况会有好转。此题考查宾语从句。从句中不缺少时间、地点、原因,排除A、B、C三项。D项表示“是否”,符合题意。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎3.(2009年天津卷)It is obvious to the students________they should get well prepared for their future.‎ A.as B.which C.whether D.that ‎【解析】 句意为:显然,学生们应该为他们的未来做好充分的准备。that引导主语从句,在从句中不作句子成分,it是形式主语。as引导定语从句或状语从句;which 引导名词性从句时,意为:哪个(些);whether是否,在此句中如用此词,则语义矛盾。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎4.(2009江苏卷)Many young people in the West are expected to leave________could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.‎ A.as B.that C.which D.what ‎【解析】 分析句子结构,leave需要一个宾语;could be需要一个主语,所以要选一个能引导宾语从句且能在句子中作主语的词,只有what能满足要求。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎5.(2009年全国卷Ⅰ)Could I speak to________is in charge of International Sales,please?‎ A.anyone B.someone C.whoever D.no matter who ‎【解析】 句意为“我可以同负责管理国际销售部的人谈一谈吗?”句中to为介词,其后是名词性从句,而从句中缺少主语和关联词,故选C。no matter who引导状语从句。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎6.(2009年浙江卷)—Is there any possibility________you could pick me up at the airport?‎ ‎—No problem.‎ A.when B.that C.whether D.what ‎【解析】 句意为:——你到机场来接我行吗?——没问题。that引导同位语从句,说明possibility的内容。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎7.(2009年重庆卷)We should consider the students’request________the school library provide more books on popular science.‎ A.that B.when C.which D.where ‎【解析】 句意为:我们应当考虑学生们的要求,即学校图书馆应该多提供关于大众科学方面的书籍。此题考查名词性从句。名词request后的同位语从句句子结构完整,不缺任何成分,故用that引导。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎8.(2009年四川卷)News came from the school office________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.‎ A.which B.what C.that D.where ‎【解析】 句意为:学校办公室传出了王琳已经被北京大学录取的消息。这是一道考查同位语从句的题目,news是同位语从句的先行词。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎9.(2009年安徽卷)A good friend of mine from________I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.‎ A.how B.whom C.when D.which ‎【解析】 句意为:在我正要动身去北京前,我幼时的一个好朋友来我家里了。从句意分析,选择when表示从我出生时就是我的一个好朋友。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎10.(2009年江苏卷)Many young people in the West are expected to leave________could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.‎ A.as B.that C.which D.what ‎【解析】 分析句子结构,leave需要一个宾语;could be需要一个主语,所以要选一个能引导宾语从句且能在句子中作主语的词,只有what能满足要求。‎ ‎【答案】 D ‎1.(2010届江西高安中学月考)The information will be helpful to________will take over the job.‎ A.those B.who C.whoever D.anyone ‎【解析】 考查名词性从句。句意为:无论谁接管这份工作,这一信息都将对他有帮助。“whoever will take over the job”是介词to的宾语,whoever在从句中作主语。如果选择A、D两项,需要在后面加上who。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎2.(2010届贵阳部分学校联考)The painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate________its price would be.‎ A.that B.which C.what D./‎ ‎【解析】 考查名词性从句。这里用what引导宾语从句,并在从句中作表语。这画太名贵了,很难估量其价格。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎3.(2010届郑州一中月考)________you don’t like him is none of my business.‎ A.What B.If C.That D.Whether ‎【解析】 考查名词性从句。that引导主语从句,在从句中不作成分;what引导主语从句时充当句中成分;if不能引导主语从句;whether引导的主语从句应是肯定句。由语意可知C项正确。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎4.(2010届济南统考)The media today can draw public attention to________help is actually needed.‎ A.that B.which C.where D.whose ‎【解析】 本题考查宾语从句的引导词,结合题干,where引导宾语从句并且在宾语从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎5.(2010届临川一中期中测试)________medicine works in a human body is a question________not everyone can understand fully.‎ A.How;that B.That;which C.What;which D.What;that ‎【解析】 how在句中引导主语从句;that引导定语从句,修饰限定question。句意为:药物是如何作用于人体的,这个问题并不是每个人都能完全理解的。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎6.(2010年郑州一模)—I think it’s going to be an argument.‎ ‎—Yes,it could be.‎ ‎—I wonder________we can do about it.‎ A.what B.how C.when D.whether ‎【解析】 考查名词性从句。what引导的名词性从句作wonder的宾语,且what作从句中谓语动词do的宾语。其他选项没有这个功能。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎7.(2010年海淀一模)Sorry I’m so late,but you cannot imagine________great trouble I took to find your house.‎ A.what B.how C.which D.why ‎【解析】 考查宾语从句。take great trouble to do something表示“不辞辛劳地做某事”。在此,what引导的宾语从句同时是一个感叹句,what修饰名词trouble。而how在感叹句中修饰形容词、副词或动词。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎8.(2010年成都第一次诊断)Professor Backman took up scientific research for decades,and this is________he devoted all his life to.‎ A.which B.what C.where D.how ‎【解析】 考查名词性从句。what引导表语从句且在从句中作介词to的宾语,表示“什么”。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎9.(2010年上海春招)Tina was hesitating about the job offer as she did not know________the company was an established one.‎ A.whether B.what C.Until D.although ‎【解析】 考查名词性从句。句意为:Tina对所提供的工作正在犹豫中,因为她不知道这家公司是不是一家地位稳固的公司。此处whether引导宾语从句,作know的宾语。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎10.(2010年潍坊检测)It could be judged from her eyes________she was very satisfied with her performance.‎ A.what B.which C.that D.where ‎【解析】 考查名词性从句。句意为:她对她的表现很满意,这可以从她的眼睛里判断出来。‎ It是形式主语,that引导的从句是真正的主语。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎11.(2009年石家庄质量检测一)The problem is________we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.‎ A.when B.where C.how D.that ‎【解析】 根据句意可知此处用how引导表语从句。‎ ‎【答案】 C ‎12.(2010年长春市第一次调研)________you have picked up,you must give it back to________it belongs to.‎ A.Whatever;whoever B.What;no matter who C.No matter what;no matter who D.Whatever;no matter who ‎【解析】 考查让步状语从句与名词性从句。从句子的结构和语意可以看出前一部分是让步状语从句,可以使用no matter what或whatever来引导;to是介词,后面接的是宾语从句,因此引导词只能使用whoever,而不能使用no matter who。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎13.(2010年西安检测)After working on the maths problem for hours,he found________he thought was the key to it.‎ A.what B.that C.where D.which ‎【解析】 考查名词性从句。what引导的名词性从句作found的宾语从句的主语,而且what在名词性从句中作thought的宾语。其他选项不符合语法。‎ ‎【答案】 A ‎14.(2009年皖南八校二模)—I will give you happily________you ask for only if I have.‎ ‎—I like you indeed.‎ A.whichever B.whatever C.no matter what D.no matter which ‎【解析】 whatever引导名词性从句且作for的宾语。句意为“‎ 无论你要什么,我都会高兴地给你,只要我有”。‎ ‎【答案】 B ‎15.(2009年合肥三模)It was not what he said but________he said it that hurt my feelings.‎ A.that B.what C.how D.whether ‎【解析】 考查名词性从句。这是一个强调句,强调的是主语,he said it基本句意完整,所以用表示方式的how来引导。‎ ‎【答案】 C
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