2019年度高考英语人教版必修三课堂要点精析讲义：Unit1SectionⅢGrammar—情态动词（Ⅰ）

2019年度高考英语人教版必修三课堂要点精析讲义：Unit1SectionⅢGrammar—情态动词（Ⅰ）

Section_ⅢGrammar— 情态动词(Ⅰ)‎ 语法图解 探究发现 ‎①Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.‎ ‎②Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.‎ ‎③Most ancient festival would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.‎ ‎④For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ 以上四个句子都使用了情态动词。其中，第①句中的can表示许可，意为“可以”；第②句中的might表示推测，意为“可能会”；第③句中的would表示过去习惯性动作，意为“过去常会”；第④句中的should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”。　‎ 一、基本特征 ‎1．情态动词有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，需和实义动词或系动词一起作谓语。‎ She can speak English though she is six.‎ 尽管她才6岁她会说英语。 ‎ ‎2．情态动词一般无人称和数的变化，个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。‎ They must be in the classroom.‎ 他们一定在教室里。‎ ‎3．构成否定句时，not放在其后面。‎ The young man can't carry the big stone.‎ 这个年轻人搬不动那块大石头。‎ ‎4．情态动词后接动词原形。‎ You will do as I told you.‎ 你得照我说的去做。‎ ‎[即时演练1]　补全句子 ‎①He said I could_use_the_computer.‎ 他说我可以用这台电脑。‎ ‎②We should__study_hard for our motherland and ourselves.‎ 为了我们的祖国和我们自己，我们应该努力学习。‎ 二、基本用法 ‎1．can与could的用法 ‎(1)表示能力：can用来表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。‎ I can play basketball now, but I couldn't when I was young.‎ 现在我会打篮球了，但小时候我不会。‎ ‎(2)表示请求和许可：could语气比can委婉，但回答时只能用can。‎ Can/Could you lend me a hand?‎ 你能帮我一下吗？‎ ‎(3)表示推测，意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。‎ ‎—Can he be in the reading room now?‎ ‎—No，he can't be in it. Because I saw him in the office just now.‎ ‎——他现在可能在阅览室吗？‎ ‎——不，他不可能在(阅览室)。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。‎ ‎(4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“可能会”。‎ Jogging can be harmful to the health.‎ 慢跑可能对身体健康有害。‎ ‎[辨析比较]　can, be able to表示“能力”时的区别 can 用于指现在，常表示自身具有的能力 be able to 用于各种时态，表示经过努力后所具有的能力 Babies can swim when they were born.‎ 婴儿们刚生下来时会游泳。(自身具有的能力)‎ Without his hard work，he was not able to get good grades.‎ 如果没有他的努力工作，他是不可能取得好成绩的。(经过努力)‎ ‎[即时演练2]‎ ‎(1)选出下列句中can/could的含义 ‎①I believe that he can't be so rude._B_‎ ‎②I can speak English fluently while he can't._A_‎ ‎③Scotland can be very warm in September._D_‎ ‎④—Could you please clean this room? ‎ ‎—Yes, I can._C_‎ ‎(2)选词填空：can, be able to ‎①He can give you some advice on how to learn English.‎ ‎②They will_be_able_to tell you the news soon.‎ ‎③At last, they were_able_to escape from the fire.‎ ‎2．may与might的用法 ‎(1)表示征求对方的许可或允许(不用might)对方做某事。‎ ‎—May I come in? ‎ ‎—Yes, you may/can.‎ ‎——我可以进来吗？ ‎ ‎——是的，你可以进来。‎ ‎(No, you can't.不行，你不能进来。)‎ You may go now.‎ 你现在可以走了。‎ ‎(2)表示推测(把握不大)，意为“可能”，多用于肯定句。might比may可能性更小。‎ He may come, or he may not. ‎ 他可能来，也可能不来。‎ It may/might rain this afternoon. You'd better take a raincoat with you.‎ 今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。‎ ‎(3)may用于祈使句，表示祝愿。‎ May you succeed!‎ 祝你成功！‎ May you have a good journey!‎ 祝你旅途愉快！‎ ‎[即时演练3]　写出下列句中may的用法 ‎①May you be happy！表示祝愿 ‎②I think he may come today.表示推测 ‎③You may keep the book for 2 weeks.表示许可 ‎3．will与would的用法 ‎(1)表示意志或意愿，意为“会；想；要”等。多表示从主语的主观意志出发，‎ 愿意做某事。‎ We will do our best to save the child. ‎ 我们会尽力抢救这个孩子。‎ I have asked her, but she won't help us.‎ 我已经问过她了，但她不会帮助我们的。‎ ‎(2)表示请求或建议，多用于疑问句。would语气更委婉。‎ Would you please open/Would you mind opening the window for me?‎ 请你为我打开窗户好吗？‎ Would you pass me the bottle? ‎ 请你递给我那个瓶子好吗？‎ ‎(3)表示习惯性动作或客观真理，意为“总是；老是”。‎ will表示现在，would 表示过去。‎ She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. ‎ 她独自在房间里听音乐，往往一听就是几小时。‎ Oil will float on water.‎ 油总是浮在水面上。‎ On Sunday he would go to the park to play chess.‎ 以前每到星期天他总是到公园去下棋。‎ ‎[辨析比较]　would, used to would 表示过去反复发生的动作，不强调现在还是否经常发生 used to 表示过去常常做某事，但现在不这样做了 He would go to the park as soon as he was free. ‎ 过去，他一有空就去公园。(动作反复发生，现在还有可能再去)‎ I used to go to work by bike, but now I go to work by car.‎ 我过去常常骑车上班，但是现在我开车上班。‎ ‎[即时演练4]　补全句子 ‎①My parents won't_allow_me__to_stay out late. ‎ 我的父母不会允许我在外待得很晚。‎ ‎②He would_get_up_early when he lived in the country.‎ 他住在乡下时总是起的很早。‎ ‎③People used_to_believe that the earth was flat. ‎ 过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。‎ ‎④Some vegetables will_get_burnt in such hot weather.‎ 有些蔬菜在炎热的天气下会烤焦。‎ ‎4．shall与should的用法 ‎(1)shall用于疑问句中多表示征求建议，主要用于第一、三人称。‎ When shall he be able to leave the hospital?‎ 他什么时候能出院？‎ ‎(2)用于肯定句中多表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等，主要用于第二、三人称。‎ Persons under 18 shall not be employed in night work.‎ 不满十八岁的人不得雇佣干夜间工作。‎ ‎(3)should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该；要”。‎ We should help others when they are in trouble.‎ 当别人有困难时，我们应该帮助他们。‎ ‎(4)should表示义务或责任，意为“应该；理应”。‎ We should learn from each other. ‎ 我们应该互相学习。‎ ‎(5)should表示推测，意为“应该；可能”。‎ If the train is on time, she should arrive in Beijing by seven o'clock.‎ 如果火车准点的话，她应该在7点钟到达北京。‎ ‎(6)should表示惊讶或意外，意为“竟然”。‎ It's strange that he should come so late. ‎ 他竟然来这么迟真是奇怪。‎ ‎[即时演练5]　补全句子 ‎①You shall_have that book tomorrow.‎ 你明天可以拿到那本书。‎ ‎②If you can't come, I shall_not_tell you the news.‎ 如果你不来，我就不告诉你这个消息了。‎ ‎③Children should_be_told the truth.‎ 孩子们应该被告知真相。‎ ‎5．must的用法 ‎(1)must表示命令或强烈的建议，意为“必须”。‎ All the students must obey the school rules.‎ 所有学生必须遵守校规。‎ ‎(2)表示十分肯定的推测，意为“一定；准是”。 ‎ Betty must be in the next room.I can hear her talking there.‎ 贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那儿讲话。‎ ‎(3)表示说话人的一种态度，意为“偏要；硬要；偏偏”。‎ Why must he go out in the bad weather?‎ 为什么他偏要在这种坏天气出门？‎ Must you make so much noise when I have a rest? ‎ 你就非得在我休息时弄出这么大的声音吗？‎ ‎(4)must not表示禁止，意思是“不许”、“不准”、“不可以”等。‎ You mustn't stop your car in the busy street.‎ 你不能把车停在繁忙的路上。‎ ‎(5)回答must问句时，肯定回答多用must; 否定回答多用needn't或don't have to。‎ ‎—Must I finish my homework before eight o'clock?‎ ‎—Yes, you must. (No, you needn't.或you don't have to.)‎ ‎——我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗？‎ ‎——是的，必须。(不，没必要。)‎ ‎[即时演练6]　写出下列句中must的含义 ‎①You must practice your spoken English if you want to improve. 表示“必须”‎ ‎②Why must you always interrupt me? 表示“偏要；硬要；偏偏”‎ ‎③She must be tired after such a long walk.表示“一定；准是”‎ Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空 ‎1．I may come to the party with you, but I am not sure.‎ ‎2．When he was young, he would climb the small hill every morning.‎ ‎3．It is strange that such a gentleman should be so rude to a lady.‎ ‎4．Tom comes from Australia; he can speak English very well.‎ ‎5．I heard you bought a new book. May I have a look?‎ ‎6．If you can pass the driving test, you shall get a new car.‎ ‎7．Don't worry. I _shall support you forever.‎ ‎8．You can try telephoning Mr. Smith; he should/may be home now.‎ ‎9．He must break a leg just before we go on holiday. ‎ ‎10．We will never talk about that subject again.‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I hope the changes will_not_cause_you_too_much_trouble (不会给你造成太多麻烦)．‎ ‎2．(2015·北京高考写作一)I will be more than happy if you can_go_together_with_me (‎ 能和我一块去)．‎ ‎3．(2015·浙江高考书面表达)We may_have_different_opinions (可能有不同的观点) in organizing class activities.‎ ‎4．(2014·江西高考书面表达)In addition, we should_learn_how_to_get_along_well_with_others (应当学会如何和别人好好相处)．‎ ‎5．(2015·四川高考书面表达)Besides, you must_take_notice_of_the_handwriting_(必须注意书写). ‎ ‎6．(2015·四川高考书面表达)And you also should_keep_it_in_mind_ (应当记住) that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to improve your study.‎ ‎7．(2014·山东高考满分作文)In fact, it means that if you are really resolved to do something, no_matter_how_difficult_it_might_be (不管可能多么困难), never give up.‎ ‎8．(2015·四川高考满分作文)You mentioned that you_could_teach_English_as_a_reward (作为回报你能教我英语), which is exactly what I want. ‎ Ⅲ.用适当的情态动词完成下面语段 Miss Fang 1.couldn't (not) read for very long with her eyes hurt. Her mother told her that she 2.should go to hospital and see a doctor.“You 3.should see a doctor as soon as possible，” her mother said.“You 4.may/might have poor eyesight.”‎ When Miss Fang had free time, she went to hospital. The clerk said that the doctor 5.could see her at 3：30.‎ Miss Fang replied that she 6.would not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor 7.may/might see you at about ten to four，” the clerk suggested. “8.Shall I arrange the examination at about ten to four, or 9.would you rather come tomorrow？”‎ Miss Fang thought she 10.shouldn't (not) waste any more time. The teacher 11.shouldn't (not) be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little earlier, as he was always so kind to everyone. And she replied，“I think I 12.can make it at about ten to four.”‎ Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher，“13.May/Can/Could I leave at 3：45 today? My eyes hurt and I 14.must have an eye examination.” As expected, the teacher said，“Yes, of course you 15.can/may.”‎