2020届一轮复习外研版必修3Module1Europe单元学案（25页）

2020届一轮复习外研版必修3Module1Europe单元学案（25页）

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．boot n．　　　　　　　　　　 长统靴；皮靴 ‎2．landmark n．[纵联1] 标志性建筑 ‎3．gallery n. 美术馆；画廊 ‎4．sculpture n. 雕刻；泥塑 ‎5．birthplace n. 发源地 ‎6．civilisation n. 文明 ‎7．whereabouts adv. 在哪里 ‎8．parliament n. 国会；议会_‎ ‎9．region n. 地区；区域_‎ ‎10．geographical adj. 地理的 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．across prep. 横过；穿过 ‎2．face vt. 面向；面对 ‎3．range n. 山脉；范围 ‎4．symbol n. 象征；符号 ‎5．architect n. 建筑师 ‎6．project n. 计划；项目；工程 ‎7．ancient adj. 古代的 ‎8．head n. 领袖；领导人 ‎9．representative n. 代表 ‎10．feature n. 特点 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．continental adj.大陆的；大洲的→continent n．大陆；大洲[纵联2]‎ ‎2．situated adj.坐落(某处)的；位于(某处)的→situation n．形势；情况；位置→situate vt.使位于；使处于 ‎3．located adj.位于→location n．位置→locate vt.使坐落于 vi.定位；定居 ‎4．opposite prep.在……对面→oppose vt.反对 ‎5．sign vt.签署→signature n．签字；署名 ‎6．agreement n．协议；契约→disagreement n．不同意；分歧 ‎7．govern vt.统治；治理→government n．政府[纵联3]‎ ‎8．produce n．产品；农产品→product n．产品；制品→production n．生产；产量 纵联1.“n.＋n.”合成名词精选 ‎①landmark标志性建筑 ②birthplace发源地 ‎③daybreak黎明 ④keyboard键盘 ‎⑤headache头痛 ⑥steamboat汽船 ‎⑦waterfall瀑布 ⑧newspaper报纸 纵联2.世界七大“洲”‎ ‎①Asia亚洲 ②Europe欧洲 ‎③Africa非洲 ④Antarctica南极洲 ‎⑤Oceania大洋洲 ⑥North America北美洲 ‎⑦South America南美洲 纵联3.加后缀ment构成的名词面面观 ‎①govern→government 政府 ‎②agree→agreement 协议；契约 ‎③equip→equipment 装备 ‎④develop→development 发展 ‎⑤move→movement 移动 ‎⑥establish→establishment 建立 ‎⑦employ→employment 雇用 ‎⑧announce→announcement 通告 单元话题——欧洲 子话题1　地理状况 ‎　①province n. 省 ‎②state n. 州；邦；政府 ‎③zone n. 地域；地带；地区 ‎④district n. 区域；地方；行政区 ‎⑤border n. 边境；边界；国界 ‎⑥boundary n. 边界；界限；分界线 ‎⑦frontier n. 边沿；边界；国界 ‎⑧county n. 郡，县 子话题2　人口状况 ‎　①resident n．居民 ②rural adj.农村的，乡下的 ‎③urban adj.城市的；市镇的 ④poverty n．贫困 ‎⑤racial adj.种族的；人种的 ⑥citizen n．公民；市民 ‎⑦aging population老龄化人口 ⑧immigrant n．移民，侨民 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018·天津高考阅读A) The University of Adelaide employs a fulltime staff of fire prevention professionals.They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler (喷水灭火装置) systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers (灭火器)．They also provide educational programs❶ on fire safety in the residence halls.Whenever you move to a new area❷， you should locate❸ the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.‎ ‎①写出programs在本单元中的同义词：projects;_program的词义为：程序，节目，计划 ‎②用本单元中的词汇替换area：region ‎③写出locate在本单元中的形容词形式：located，常构成短语be_located_in，其名词形式为：location ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D) Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show 　❶　 (agree) between parties about the topic under discussion.However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign❷of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.‎ ‎①用agree的正确形式填空：agreement，含有词根agree的词有：disagree, disagreement等 ‎②写出sign在句中的含义：标志，其同义词有：symbol, mark等 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我们学校最近修建了一个新体育馆，它位于图书馆后面。(located)‎ Our_school_has_built_a_new_stadium_recently,_which_is_located_behind_the_library.‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果你感兴趣，请在9月10日前在我们学校网站上报名参加。(sign)‎ If_you_are_interested,_sign_up_on_our_school_website_before_September_10.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．across prep.横过；穿过；交叉；在……另一边；在……各处；遍及 adv.从一边到另一边；宽；交叉地 ‎[记牢]‎ come across　　　　　 (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解 get across (to) 使被理解；向……讲清楚 ‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2018·北京高考) Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.‎ 用come across, get across to填空 ‎②(2017·天津高考) It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came_across my new neighbors.‎ ‎③Could you predict how many audience your speech will get_across_to the reasons for the need to raise interest rates?‎ 选词填空(across, through, over)‎ ‎④The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across the desert, over the mountains, through the valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.‎ 长城从西向东跨过沙漠，越过高山，穿越山谷，直至最后到达大海。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤在我们的日常生活中，我们不可避免地时常遇到各种各样的挑战。‎ In_our_daily_life,_we_unavoidably_come_across_various_challenges_now_and_then.‎ ‎2．face vt.面向；面对n.面孔；表情；正面 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be faced with　　　　　　　 面临，面对 face up to 勇敢面对 ‎(2)make a face 做鬼脸 face to face 面对面 in the face of 面对；在……面前 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Facing (face) so much trouble, he didn't know what to do.‎ ‎②When I am faced with a difficulty in my study, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or web pages.‎ 单句改错 ‎③The building which faces to the big river is likely to be destroyed by the flood.去掉第一个to 句型转换 Facing these difficulties, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies.‎ ‎④When_facing these difficulties, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies.(状语从句的省略)‎ ‎⑤Faced_with these difficulties, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies.(过去分词短语作状语)‎ ‎⑥In_the_face_of these difficulties, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies.(介词短语作状语)‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑦这是我第一次和我妈妈面对面交谈。‎ It_was_the_first_time_that_I_had_talked_with_my_mother_face_to_face.‎ ‎3．range n．山脉；幅度；范围；种类 v．排列；(在一定范围内)变化，变动 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)in/within range (of sth.)　 在……范围内 beyond/out of range (of sth.) 在……范围外 a wide range of ... 范围广泛的；各种各样的 ‎(2)range from ...to ... 在……范围内变动 range between ...and ... 在……和……范围内变动 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①(2017·北京高考) The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.‎ ‎②When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of 60km/h and 120km/h.‎ ‎③The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond our range.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)而且，随着体育场的建立，可以举行各种各样的体育项目，其中乒乓球、足球和跑步比赛很受欢迎。‎ Moreover,_with_the_stadium_set_up,_a_wide_range_of_sports_events_are_able_to_be_held,_of which table tennis, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.‎ ‎4．opposite prep.在……对面 adj.对面的；相反的；对立的 adv.在对面n.对立面；对立的人；反义词 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be opposite to　　　　　 与……相反；在……对面 just the opposite 恰恰相反 ‎(2)oppose vt. 反对；与……对抗 oppose doing sth. 反对做某事 ‎(3)opposed adj. 反对的；相反的 be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Only 18 percent of those surveyed were opposed to the idea.‎ ‎②The post office is opposite (oppose) to the first teaching building.‎ 单句改错 ‎③Our members are definitely opposed to make concessions (让步) on the safety question.make→making ‎④The result was quite opposite with what we had expected.with→to 一句多译 很多教育家强烈反对过度保护孩子。‎ ‎⑤Many educators strongly_oppose_protecting children too ‎ much.(oppose)‎ ‎⑥Many educators are_strongly_opposed_to_protecting children too much.(opposed)‎ ‎[用准]　(1)oppose意为“反对”，后常跟动名词作宾语；‎ ‎(2)be opposed to短语中，to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑦至于那个计划，一些人赞成而其他人反对。我是反对计划的那些人之一。‎ As_for_the_plan,_some_agree_while_others_don't.I'm_one_of_those_opposed_to_it.‎ ‎[联想]　“反对做某事”还可以表达为： object to doing sth.; be against doing sth.等。‎ ‎5．sign vt.签署；签名；打手势；示意 n．符号；记号；手势；迹象 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)sign to sb.to do sth.　　　 打手势让某人做某事 sign in/out 签到/签退 sign up 报名参加；注册 ‎(2)a sign of ... ……的标志/迹象 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①I was driving around the corner when a policeman signed to me to_stop (stop)．‎ ‎②In communication, a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude.‎ ‎③For safety reasons, please sign in when you arrive at the building, ‎ and sign out when you leave.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④凡是想参加比赛的人应该在12月8日前到高三英语老师办公室报名。‎ Those_who_would_like_to_take_part_in_the_competition_are_supposed_to_sign_up_in_English_teacher's_offices_of_senior_3_before_December_8th.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．I felt lucky to have been chosen as a representative (代表) of Canada and joined in the cultural tour to Pompeii and Loulan.‎ ‎2．The concept of intelligent robots, as friends or enemies, dates back to ancient (古代的) times.‎ ‎3．For generations cars have been a symbol (象征) of freedom and America's most important pastime.‎ ‎4．Most young architects (建筑师) — particularly those in big cities — can only dream about working in a building of their own.‎ ‎5．Greece is the birthplace (发源地) of the Olympic Games.‎ ‎6．Located in Paris, the Louvre is one of the world's largest art gallery (美术馆)．‎ ‎7．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Color choices in this range (种类) are a step up from the small ones in two major ways.‎ ‎8．Lying across (横过) the river is a bridge built two hundred years ago.‎ ‎9．Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project (计划)．‎ ‎10．On the opposite (对面的) wall is hanging one map as well as dozens of pictures.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Shanghai, situated (situate) in east of China, is an international city.‎ ‎2．If you yell at him, he will be guaranteed to do the opposite (oppose) of what you want.‎ ‎3．The resemblance between the two signatures (sign) was remarkable.‎ ‎4．The continental (continent) railway system has a perfect luggage service.‎ ‎5．Experts disagreed on where to build a bridge and the disagreement (disagree) led to the delay of the project.‎ ‎6．It is likely to be just the name of a company, part of which may be a general location (locate)．‎ ‎7．Right now, the government (govern) should take powerful measures to push the state's economy forward.‎ ‎8．Faced (face) with so many problems arising from lack of communication, I didn't know how to deal with them independently.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Many residents are opposed to build the motorway.It is not a wise decision.build→building ‎2．She came some old photographs in a drawer.came后加across ‎3．It is common for people of the same sex to hold hands as sign of friendship.as后加a ‎4．Faced such an embarrassing situation, he didn't know what to ‎ do.Faced→Facing或Faced后加with ‎5．The exchange program between the UK and China may affect various schools range from kindergartens to high schools.range→ranging Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．药品应放在儿童不容易接近的地方。(range)‎ Medicine should be kept where it is_out_of_children's_range.‎ ‎2．我认为家庭成员面对面交流很重要，这有助于形成一种和谐的家庭氛围。(face)‎ I think it important to communicate with our family members face_to_face,_which helps build a harmonious family atmosphere.‎ ‎3．为了这次时装表演，该公司签约了三名顶尖模特儿。(sign)‎ The company has signed_up three top models for the fashion show.‎ ‎4．当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的戴维。(across)‎ When walking down the street, I came_across David who I hadn't seen for years.‎ ‎5．令人奇怪的是，格林先生在讨论中没作任何评论，他也是反对这项新政策的。(oppose)‎ Strangely, Mr Green, who was_also_opposed_to the new policy, made no remark in the discussion.‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．of_all_time　　　　　　　　　 有史以来 ‎2．be_known_as 作为……而出名/闻名 ‎3．ever_since 自从……一直；自从那时起 ‎4．because_of 因为；由于 ‎5．in_terms_of [串记1] 据……；依照……‎ ‎6．little_by_little [串记2] 一点点地；逐渐地 ‎7．on_the_other_hand 另一方面；反过来说 ‎8．work_on 从事；努力做 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“of结尾”短语聚会 ‎①in terms of据……；依照…… ②as a result of由于；因为 ‎③in spite of尽管；不管 ④on account of由于；因为 ‎⑤on behalf of代表 ⑥instead of代替；而不是 ‎⑦regardless of不管；不顾 ⑧in favour of 赞成；支持 串记2.由little by little想到的 ‎①little by little 一点点地；逐渐地 ‎②step by step 一步一步地；逐步 ‎③one by one 一个接一个地 ‎④day by day 一天天地 ‎⑤year by year 年复一年 ‎⑥side by side 肩并肩；并排 ‎1．the most popular place for tourists　 最受游客欢迎的地方 ‎2．be designed by 由……设计 ‎3．in the 1300s 在14世纪 ‎4．a great artistic movement 伟大的艺术运动 ‎5．the most famous art gallery 最著名的艺术长廊 ‎6．the birthplace of western civilisation 西方文明的发源地 ‎7．off the northwest coast 在西北海岸 ‎8．have control over 对……加以控制 ‎1．Between_France_and_Spain_is another mountain range — the Pyrenees.‎ 在法国和西班牙之间是另一座山脉——比利牛斯山脉。‎ ‎2．Their work has_influenced other writers ever_since.‎ 他们的作品影响了后世的作家。‎ ‎3．The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people, twice_as_big_as the population of the United States.‎ 扩展后的欧盟人口超过五亿，是美国人口的两倍。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·浙江高考完形填空) Because_of (因为) all this extra time, there was no sense of urgency to do my school work immediately.‎ ‎2．(2016·北京高考完形填空) From there, dogsled (狗拉雪橇) drivers — known_as (作为……而著名) “mushers” — would carry it to Nome in a relay (接力)．‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/词汇升级)‎ ‎1．(2018·江苏高考书面表达) On_the_other_hand (另一方面), ratings can save time to make decisions in shopping.‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)In_terms_of ‎3．(2018·天津高考书面表达)你在你们学院举办的机器人比赛中获得了一等奖，并且从那时起你展示出了在设计机器人方面的巨大天赋。(ever since)‎ You have won first prize in the Robotics Competition held in your institute and have_shown_great_talent_in_designing_robots_ever_since.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．in terms of 据……；依照……；就……而言 ‎[记牢]‎ in the long/short term　　　 从长远/短期来看 be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人关系好/不好 come to terms with sb. 与某人达成协议；与某人和解 ‎[练通]　用上述短语填空 ‎①In_terms_of study and health, we should develop a healthy lifestyle.‎ ‎②The agreement should have very positive results in_the_long_term.‎ ‎③To keep up good relationships with your teachers and classmates, you should learn to be_on_good_terms_with them.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2018·江苏高考书面表达)在网上购物方面，无论我买什么都倾向于查阅消费排名。‎ In_terms_of_shopping_online,_I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.‎ ‎2．on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)on (the) one hand ...; on the other hand ...‎ ‎　　　　　 (引出不同的，尤指对立的观点、思想等)‎ ‎ 一方面……；另一方面(却)……‎ ‎(2)for one thing ...; for another ...‎ ‎ (用于引出并列的理由)一则……；二则……‎ ‎(3)first(ly) ...; second(ly) ... 第一……；第二…… ‎ ‎[练通]　补全句子 ‎①On_(the)_one_hand,_I have strong belief that I will do well in the exam; on_the_other_hand,_I feel a bit nervous, though it's not difficult.‎ 一方面，我坚信会在考试中做得很好；另一方面，虽然不难，我仍感觉有点紧张。‎ ‎②To improve your English, first(ly),_you should listen more; second(ly),_you should read more.‎ 为了提高你的英语水平，第一，你应该多听；第二，你应该多读。‎ ‎③I'm not going to buy the car; for_one_thing I don't like the color, and for_another it's far too expensive.‎ 我不打算买这辆车；一是我不喜欢这种颜色，二是它太贵了。‎ ‎[用准]　on the one hand中的the可以省略，而on the other hand中的the不能省略。另外， on the other hand可以单独使用。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)通常来讲，一方面，你到达时间不要晚于规定时间，早几分钟最好；另一方面，你最好带一些小礼物，例如你们国家的特产食品或饮料。‎ Generally speaking, on_the_one_hand,_your arrival shouldn't be later than the fixed time, and a few minutes earlier is the best; on_the_other_hand,_you'd better bring some little gifts, such as a special food or drink from your country.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ 介词短语置于句首的倒装句式 ‎[教材原句]　Between_France_and_Spain_is_another_mountain_range — the Pyrenees.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)In came_a_girl,_wearing a white skirt.‎ 一个穿着白色裙子的小姑娘走了进来。‎ ‎(2)Into the dark apartment walked my friend, who was quite surprised when everyone shouted Happy Birthday.‎ 我朋友走进了黑暗的房间，当大家喊生日快乐时，他感到很惊讶。‎ ‎(3)Present at the meeting were_some_scientists from China.‎ 一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。‎ ‎(4)Such_is_our_lively_city,_which you are welcome to visit whenever at your convenience.这就是我们这座充满活力的城市，只要您方便，随时欢迎来参观。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)out, in, down, up, away, here, now, then, there等表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。‎ ‎(2)表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。‎ ‎(3)作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面时，句子也用完全倒装，即“形容词/分词＋系动词＋主语”结构。‎ ‎(4)代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时，句子用完全倒装。‎ 注意事项 ‎(1)此类用法中的谓语动词一般为be动词或lie, come, go, stand等动词，且句子的主语为名词。‎ ‎(2)如果句子的主语为人称代词，不用倒装语序。如：‎ Look at the little dog! Here it runs. ‎ 看这条小狗！它跑过来了。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018·北京高考书面表达)Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)Such is our experience, indeed an invaluable piece of experience.(总结句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 of all time， be known as， ever since， because of， in terms of， little by little， on the other hand ‎1．The job is great in_terms_of salary, but it has its disadvantages.‎ ‎2．He was forced to drop out of school because_of his illness.‎ ‎3．I would like a job which pays more, but on_the_other_hand,_I enjoyed the work I'm doing at the moment.‎ ‎4．Follow the doctor's advice after operation and you will pick up little_by_little.‎ ‎5．Ever_since they moved to this apartment, Mary and Alice have been good partners.‎ ‎6．He is the greatest basketball player of_all_time.‎ ‎7．About three decades ago, China was_known_as the “Bicycle Kingdom”．‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．学生们不应该仅仅依据他们的考试成绩有多好而受到评价。(in terms of)‎ The students shouldn't only be judged in_terms_of_how_good_their_marks_were in the exam.‎ ‎2．我们每个人都有优点，但是另一方面我们每个人也有缺点。(on the other hand)‎ We each have strengths, but on_the_other_hand_each_of_us_has_weaknesses.‎ ‎3．她五年前毕业，从那时起便一直当护士。(ever since)‎ She left school five years ago and has_worked_as_a_nurse_ever_since.‎ ‎4．窗户旁边坐着一位年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。(完全倒装)‎ By the window sat_a_young_man with a magazine in his hand.‎ ‎5．我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场，是原来的三倍大。(倍数表达法)‎ ‎①My farm has expanded into a big one, which is_three_times_as_big_as the previous one.‎ ‎②My farm has expanded into a big one, which is_three_times_bigger_than the previous one.‎ ‎③My farm has expanded into a big one, which is_three_times_the_size_of the previous one.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack准备到你居住的城市——成都来旅游，请你给他写一封电子邮件介绍成都的情况，要点如下：‎ ‎1．城市在本省的地位；‎ ‎2．城市的历史、人口；‎ ‎3．景点和美食。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文属于应用文中的电子邮件，时态为一般现在时，人称以第一人称为主。文章应分三个层次来写，即开头点明写信的缘由，主体部分介绍成都详情，结尾表达祝愿。主体部分共3个要点，即“该城市在所在省的地位”“该城市的历史、人口”“该城市的景点和美食”。要点的表达要力求准确，避免语言失误。‎ 开头语：我很高兴你要来成都。现在让我给你介绍一下成都吧。‎ I'm_really glad_that_you're_coming_to_Chengdu.Now_let_me_tell_you_something_about_it.‎ 要点1：成都是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心。‎ Chengdu_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.‎ 要点2：成都有2 300多年的悠久历史，人口超过1 600万。(have a long history of) ‎ Chengdu_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years,_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.‎ 要点3－①：那里有许多名胜古迹。‎ There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest.‎ 要点3－②：它因美味的火锅和当地小吃而闻名。(wellknown)‎ It_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks.‎ 结尾语：我希望你在成都玩得愉快。‎ I_hope_you'll_enjoy_your_stay_in_Chengdu.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 ‎3个要点表达很单一，还需要对其进行拓展，以使要点丰满、内容充实。如要点1在介绍成都时可以添加同位语“四川省的省会城市”；要点3－①，可用such as来列举详细的景点名称(武侯祠和青城山)；要点3－②可以添加地点状语“在国内外”；介绍完“景点和美食”之后，可以补充“来到此地后的感受”，比如“一旦你来这里，你将不想离开”。‎ 拓展要点1：四川省的省会城市成都是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心。(使用同位语)‎ Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.‎ 拓展要点3－①：那里有许多名胜古迹，例如武侯祠和青城山。(such as)‎ There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest,_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.‎ 拓展要点3－②：它因美味的火锅和当地小吃而闻名国内外。(both ...and)‎ It_is_wellknown_for_the delicious_hotpot_and the_local_snacks_both_at_home and_abroad.‎ 补充要点3：一旦你来这里，你将不想离开。(用once引导时间状语从句)‎ Once_you_come_here,_you_will_never_want_to_leave.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 在介绍成都时，首先应先介绍其省会城市的地位以及历史、人口等。在介绍景点和美食前，应先用It's really a very beautiful city.来统领，然后用关联词besides进行衔接，让文章显得自然流畅。‎ Dear_Jack，‎ I'm_really_glad_that_you're_coming_to_Chengdu.Now_let_me_tell_you_something_about_it.‎ Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years,_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.It's_really_a_very_beautiful_city.There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest,_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.Besides,_it_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks_both_at_home_and_abroad.Once_you_come_here,_you_will_never_want_to_leave.‎ I_hope_you_will_enjoy_your_stay_in_Chengdu.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua 理清文体结构之(十三)　说明文之现象类——确定说明对象，查找说明顺序和方法 破解现象类说明文的关键：首先确定主题句，它常常位于篇首，通过主题句确定文章的说明对象。其次，要在略读全文时确定说明的顺序和方法，这是文章的核心部分，是命题的切入点，也是解题的关键。然后迅速浏览题干，结合题干要求到文中寻找关键对应点，从而确定答案。‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇 ‎[确定说明对象，查找说明顺序和方法]‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇 ‎[读文解题技法]‎ ‎　说明对象 ‎[1]Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times 时间1‎ 数字1‎ 时间2‎ 数字2‎ 数字3‎ 时间4‎ 数字5‎ 数字6‎ 数字7‎ ‎ there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.‎ ‎[2]Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries，trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.‎ ‎[3]At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small ‎ ‎1.速读首段查找主题句，确定说明对象 本文的主题句在首段but后，说明语言正在消失这一现象。‎ ‎2.略读全文查找说明顺序和说明方法 本文以时间顺序采用各种数字来说明语言消失的规律。‎ ‎3.结合题干要求比对原文定答案 numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.‎ ‎[4]Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questionmark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.‎ 结合题干中的关键词，比对各种数字背后暗含的意义，得出正确答案。‎ ‎[利用说明顺序和方法巧解题]‎ ‎28.What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times？‎ A.They developed very fast. ‎ B.They were large in number.‎ C.They had similar patterns. ‎ D.They were closely connected.‎ ‎30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present？‎ A.About 6，800. ‎ B.About 3，400.‎ C.About 2，400. ‎ D.About 1，200.‎ 由关键词第三段中的“时间4”、“数字4”、“数字5”和“数字6”，分析得出答案。‎ ‎31．What is the main idea of the text？‎ ‎―→文章主旨题：由说明对象及数字变化得出答案。‎ A．New languages will be created. ‎ B．People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.‎ C．Human development results in fewer languages. ‎ D．Geography determines language evolution.‎ ‎[答案]　28.B　30.B　31.C