2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1学案设计（39页word版）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1学案设计（39页word版）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1学案设计 话题素材——伟大的科学家 好词 ‎1.observe vt. 观察 ‎2.creative adj. 富有创造力的 ‎3.inspire vt. 鼓舞；激励 ‎4.determination n. 决心 ‎5.research vt. 研究 ‎6.be curious about 对……好奇 ‎7.in search_ of 寻找 ‎8.apply...to... 把……运用于……‎ ‎9.be honored as 被誉为……‎ ‎10.take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 ‎11.by no means 决不 ‎12.give up 放弃 ‎13.be devoted to 投身于/致力于……‎ ‎14.be crazy about 对……狂热/着迷 ‎15.be_active_in 积极从事于 佳句 ‎1.Science has brought_about many changes in our lives.‎ 科学为我们的生活带来很多变化。‎ ‎2.Although he has won_countless_honors,_he never shows_any_signs_of_pride.‎ 尽管他获得了无数的荣誉，他却从未有过任何骄傲的迹象。‎ ‎3.Many scientists regard time as the most important thing in life.‎ 许多科学家把时间看作是生命中最重要的东西。‎ ‎ [精美语篇]‎ Tu Youyou, a famous female pharmacologist and scientist, was born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province on December 30th, 1930. In 1951, she was admitted into Beijing University, majoring in making medicine and graduated in 1955. After graduation she was trained in traditional Chinese medicine for two years and a half and she has been working in China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1972, she succeeded in discovering and developing art emisinin out of a Chinese herb to cure those patients of malaria in different places of the world, so that she won many big awards. To our excitement and delight, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on October 5th, 2015, becoming the first Chinese woman who won the Nobel Prize. We are called on to learn from her and devote ourselves to scientific research.‎ 高频单词 ‎1．scientific (adj.) 科学的→science (n.) 科学→scientist (n.)科学家 ‎2．conclude (vt.&vi.) 结束；推断出→conclusion (n.) 结论；结束 ‎3．analyse (vt.) 分析→analysis (n.) 分析 ‎4．attend (vt.)照顾；护理；出席；参加→attendance (n.)出席；参加；到场 ‎5．expose (vt.) 暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposed (adj.) 无遮蔽的；不遮挡风雨的→exposure (n.) 显露；暴露；揭露；曝光 ‎6．suspect (vt.) 认为；怀疑 (n.)被怀疑者；嫌疑犯→suspicion (n.) 怀疑→suspicious (adj.)有疑心的 ‎7．foresee (vt.) 预见；预知→foresaw (过去式)→foreseen (过去分词)‎ ‎8．pollute (vt.) 污染；弄脏→pollution (n.) 污染→polluted (adj.) 被污染了的 ‎9．announce (vt.) 宣布；通告→announcement (n.) 宣布；通知 ‎10．instruct (vt.) 命令；指示；教导→instruction (n.) 教育；说明；指导；教训→instructive (adj.) 富有教育意义的；启发的 ‎11．construct (vt.) 建设；修建→construction (n.) 建设；建筑物→constructor (n.) 建造者；建造商→constructive (adj.) 建设性的；积极的 ‎12．contribute (vt. &vi.) 捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution (n.) 捐献；贡献；捐助 ‎13．enthusiastic (adj.) 热情的→enthusiasm (n.) 热情 ‎14．reject (vt.) 拒绝；不接受；抛弃→rejection (n.) 拒绝；抛弃 ‎15．characteristic (n.) 特征；特性→character (n.) 品质；性格；特点 ‎16．painter (n.) 画家；油漆匠→paint (vt.) 在……上刷油漆→painting (n.) ‎ 绘画；油画 重点短语 ‎1．put_forward 提出 ‎2．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论 ‎3．expose..._to 使显露；暴露 ‎4．be_to_blame 应受责备 ‎5．look_into 调查；研究 ‎6．link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来 ‎7．apart_from 除……之处；此外 ‎8．be_strict_with... 对……严格 ‎9．make_sense 讲得通；有意义 ‎10．at_times 有时 热点句型 ‎1．neither... nor...“既不……也不……”‎ Neither (既不) its cause nor (也不) its cure was understood.(教材 P2)‎ ‎2．every time 作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“每次……”‎ So many thousands of terrified people died every_time_there_was_an_outbreak (每次暴发霍乱时)．(教材 P2)‎ ‎3．to do 作目的状语/suggest 意为“建议”时用虚拟语气，即“should＋do”，其中 should 可以省略To_prevent (为防止) this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies (should)_be_examined (应被检测)．(教材 P3)‎ ‎4．only＋状语，句子结构发生倒装 Only_if (只有) you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make_sense (说得清楚)．(教材 P7)‎ ‎5．“with＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going_round_it (行星围绕着 它转) and only the moon still going round the earth.(教材 P7)‎ ‎6．doing 作状语/who 引导定语从句 The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying (声称) it was against God's idea and people who_supported_it (支持这种想法的人) would be attacked.(教材 P7)‎ 巩固训练 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, ________ he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.‎ 答案：that ‎2．But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people ________ (expose) to cholera.‎ 答案：exposed ‎3．The water companies ________ (instruct) not to expose people to ________ (pollute) water any more.‎ 答案：were instructed; polluted ‎4．He became interested in two theories that possibly explained ________ cholera killed people.‎ 答案：how ‎5．He was ________ (determine) to find out why.‎ 答案：determined ‎6．First he marked on a map the exact places ________ all the dead people had lived.‎ 答案：where ‎7．It seemed that the water was ________ (blame)．‎ 答案：to blame ‎8．With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty ________ polluted water carried the virus.‎ 答案：that ‎9．He knew that cholera would never be controlled ________ its cause was found.‎ 答案：until ‎10．He found that it came from the river ________ (pollute) by the dirty water from London.‎ 答案：polluted ‎1 attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.(P2)‎ 约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。‎ 归纳拓展 attend school/church 上学/去教堂 attend a meeting/lecture/wedding/party 参加会议/听演讲/出席婚礼/参加晚会 attend (on/upon( sb. 照顾某人 attend to 处理；照料 名师点睛 attend 侧重“参加”之意。attend to 作“处理”讲时，与 do/deal with 近义；作“照顾”讲时，与 take care of， look after 近义。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]I have just found that I have to attend_an_important class meeting that afternoon.‎ 我刚发现那天下午我必须参加一个重要的班会。‎ ‎②If you had told me beforehand, I would_have_attended your wedding.‎ 你如果提前告诉我的话，我就会去参加你的婚礼了。‎ ‎③I have an important meeting to attend,_so I can't join you in the discussion.‎ 我要出席一个重要的会议，所以我不能加入你们的讨论。‎ ‎④The main thing is to attend_to the injured.‎ 首要任务是照顾伤者。‎ ‎⑤I may be late—I have got one or two things to_attend_to.‎ 我也许会迟到，我有一两件事要处理。‎ ‎2 expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光 But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(P2)‎ 但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。‎ 归纳拓展 expose to 暴露；受到风险 expose sth./sb./oneself (to...( (向……(显露或暴露某事物/某人/某人自己；使某事物/某人/某人自己面临 be exposed to 暴露于……；接触 expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触到某物)‎ 语境助记 ‎①Don't expose your skin to direct sunlight, or you'll get burnt.‎ 不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。‎ ‎②We want to expose our kids to as much art and culture as possible.‎ 我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化的熏陶。‎ ‎③Klaus Von Bulow was_exposed as a liar and a cheat.‎ 克劳斯·冯·布洛被揭露是一个说谎者和骗子。‎ ‎3 absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.(P2)‎ 第二种看法是人们在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)absorb/attract/draw one's attention 吸引某人的注意 absorb...from... 从……中吸收……‎ absorb...into... 把……吸收进……‎ be absorbed by/into 被……吞并/吸引 ‎(be) absorbed in... 全神贯注于……‎ ‎(2)absorbedadj. 全神贯注的 名师点睛 表示“全神贯注于……”的常见短语还有：be lost in, be buried in, fix/focus one's attention on,‎ devote...to, concentrate one's mind on, apply oneself to, be addicted to 等。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·北京高考]However, when something did interest me, I could become_absorbed.‎ 然而，当某物真的让我感兴趣了，我就能变得很专注。‎ ‎②Absorbed_in writing a letter, he didn't even look up when I came in.‎ 他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他连头都没有抬。‎ ‎③Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.‎ 植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。‎ ‎④I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb_all_the_new_things around me.‎ 我一直忙于学习，并竭力掌握身边所有的新事物。‎ ‎4 blame vt.谴责；责备 n．过失；责备 It seemed that the water was to blame.(P2)‎ 看起来水是罪魁祸首。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人 be to_blame (for sth.) (对某事)应承担责任；该受责备 ‎(2)accept/bear/take the blame for... 对……负责；为……承担责任 put/lay the blame on sb. 把责任推到某人身上 名师点睛 be to blame为主动形式表示被动意义，因此不能再用被动语态。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]I often had crazy dreams in which I was to_blame_for Miller's accident.‎ 我经常会做恶梦，梦中我应该对米勒的车祸负责。‎ ‎②I am ready to take_the_blame_for the mistake.‎ 我愿意为这一错误承担责任。‎ ‎③She stole the money but she's trying to put_the_blame_on_me.‎ 她偷了钱，却想把责任推到我身上。‎ ‎④Don't always blame your own failure on others.‎ 不要总把你自己的失败归咎于别人。‎ 易混辨析 blame 责备，谴责；归咎于，归罪于(on)。常用于 blame sb. for sth.因某事指责 某人；blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 charge 控告；谴责。常用于 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控某人(做了)某事 accuse 控告，指控；指责，谴责。常用于 accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指控某人(做了)某事 ‎⑤用 blame, charge, accuse 的正确形式填空 a．It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident.‎ b．She was said to have been charged with drunk driving.‎ c．I was told that he was accused of murder.‎ ‎5 announce vt.宣布；通告 With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. (P3)‎ 有了这个额外的证据，约翰·斯诺就可以肯定地宣称被污染的水携带病毒。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)It is announced that... 据宣布……/据通知……‎ announce sth. to sb./to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事 ‎(2)announcement n. 通告；宣告；通知 announcern. 广播员；播音员 make an announcement 宣布；通知 名师点睛 announce 后不能跟双宾语结构，如果要表达“向某人宣布某事”应该这样表达：announce sth. To sb.(＝announce to sb. sth.)，不能用 announce sb. sth.。除了 announce 外，类似的还有： explain sth. to sb.(＝explain to sb. sth.) 向某人解释某物；mention sth. to sb.(＝mention to sb. sth.) 向某人提及某事；report sth. to sb.(＝report to sb. sth.) 向某人报告某事；retell sth. to sb.(＝retell to sb. sth.) 向某人复述某事；suggest sth. to sb.(＝suggest to sb. sth.) 向某人建议某事；admit sth. to sb.(＝admit to sb.sth.) 向某人承认某事。‎ 语境助记 ‎①At the end of their meeting, it_was_announced_that an agreement had been reached.‎ 会议最后宣布已达成一项协议。‎ ‎②[牛津高阶]Has our flight been_announced yet?‎ 广播宣布了我们的航班没有？‎ ‎③The manager announced_the_decision_to_ the worker.‎ ‎＝The manager announced to the worker the decision.‎ 经理对这个工人宣布了决定。‎ ‎④Mary announced_to_her_parents_that she was going to run for monitor.‎ 玛丽向父母宣布她准备竞选班长。‎ ‎6 contribute vt.捐献；贡献；捐助 ‎－to contribute (P4) 捐献 归纳拓展 ‎(1)contribute sth. to/towards 向……捐献某物 contribute to 有助于；导致；为……作贡献；为……捐款；向……投稿 ‎(2)contribution n. 捐款；捐献；贡献；投送的稿件 make a contribution/contributions to 对……作出贡献；为……捐款 名师点睛 表示“引起，导致；有助于”的词语还有哪些？‎ contribute to， result in， bring about， lead to， cause等。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·四川高考]Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause.‎ 做志愿者或者如果可以的话，给一个事业捐点儿钱。‎ ‎②Everyone is willing to contribute_food_and_clothes_to the homeless people.‎ 每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。‎ ‎③Sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness.‎ 体育运动主要有助于你的身体健康。‎ ‎④Would you like to make_a_contribution_to the hospital building fund?‎ 你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？‎ 图解助记 contribute ‎⑤[一言辨异]Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed_to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it toChinaDaily.‎ 许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐了款，这使他重返校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它 投给了《中国日报》。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．The author's mother told him to borrow a book in order to help cure him ________ his reading problem.‎ 答案：of 考查常用搭配。cure sb. of ... “治愈某人的疾病”；矫正/改正某人的不良行为/态度。‎ ‎2．Don't expose your baby ________ strong sunlight.‎ 答案：to 考查固定搭配。expose...to...“使……暴露于……”。句意：不要让你的婴儿受到强烈太 阳光的照射。‎ ‎3．When deeply ________(absorb) in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.‎ 答案：absorbed 考查固定搭配。(be) absorbed in 意为“全神贯注于……”，因为主从句主语一致，此处省略主语和 be 动词。‎ ‎4．They didn't draw a conclusion until carrying out lots of ________(science) experiments.‎ 答案：scientific 考查形容词。scientific 修饰名词，意为“科学的”。‎ ‎5．You must read the ________(instruct) before taking the medicine.‎ 答案：instructions 考查名词。instructions“说明”，常用复数形式。‎ ‎6．Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very ________(challenge)．‎ 答案：challenging 考查形容词。challenging “具有挑战性的”。‎ ‎7．At last his ________ (conclude) proved to be right.‎ 答案：conclusion 考查名词。由 his 可知，此处应填名词形式。conclusion “结论”。‎ ‎8．The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news ________ the reporters.‎ 答案：to 考查常用搭配。announce...to sb. 意为“向某人宣布……”。‎ ‎9．Instead of ________ (blame) each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others'place.‎ 答案：blaming 考查非谓语动词。由介词短语 instead of 可知，此处应填 blaming。‎ ‎10．The invention of paper was a great ________ (contribute) to human civilization.‎ 答案：contribution 考查名词。根据空格前的冠词和形容词可知，应填名词形式。句意：纸的发明是对人类文明的一大贡献。‎ ‎1 put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐；将……提前 Who put forward a theory about black holes？(P1)‎ 谁提出关于黑洞的理论？‎ 归纳拓展 put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出 put away 放好；积蓄 put off 延期；推迟 put out 熄灭；生产 put down 写下；记下 put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿 put up with 容忍；忍受 put on 穿上；演出 语境助记 ‎①The suggestion put_forward by your teacher was well worth considering.‎ 你们老师提出的建议很值得考虑。‎ ‎②We're trying to put_aside a few hundred dollars every month toward our vacation.‎ 我们尽量每月存几百美元供度假用。‎ ‎③Now the electric fan is not in use. Let's put it away.‎ 现在电扇已用不着了，我们把它收起来吧。‎ ‎④[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put_out.‎ 灭火器喷了两下，火就被扑灭了。‎ ‎⑤写出下列句中 put forward 的含义 a．As for the problem you put forward in your last letter, I think it is a wise choice for you to buy an e-dictionary.提出 b．I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I'll put him forward as a candidate.推荐 c．Put your watch forward; it's five minutes slow.拨快 d．They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将……提前 ‎2 apart from 除……之外；此外(＝aside from)‎ Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases. (P4)‎ 除了以上提到的结构，你也学过下面的词组。‎ 归纳拓展 ‎(1)apart from 具有下列三层含义：‎ ‎①相当于 besides。指“除……之外，另外还有”，强调“另外还有”；‎ ‎②相当于 except。指“除了……”，表示从整体中除去；‎ ‎③相当于 except_for。指“除……外”，是在对某人或物整体上肯定的同时，特别指出其不足之处。‎ ‎(2)take...apart 将……拆开 tell sb./sth. apart 分辨出某人/某物 语境助记 ‎①[牛津高阶]I've finished apart_from the last question.‎ 除了最后一道题，我全做完了。‎ ‎②Apart_from an occasional noise from the elephant's stomach, the forest was silent.‎ 除了大象胃里偶尔发出的声音，森林里一片寂静。‎ ‎③They are so alike, and it's difficult to tell_them_apart.‎ 他们长得太一样了，很难把他们区分开来。‎ ‎3 make sense 有意义；讲得通 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. (P7)‎ 只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。‎ 归纳拓展 make sense of 理解；明白 make no sense 没道理；没意义 in a sense 从某种意义上说 in no sense 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装( common sense 常识 a sense of duty/humor/beauty/direction 责任感/幽默感/美感/方向感 There is no sense in ( doing( sth. (做(某事是没有意义的。‎ 语境助记 ‎①It makes_sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.‎ 在失控前致力于解决这个问题，这么做是有意义的。‎ ‎②What she referred to was so confusing that they could hardly make_sense_of it.‎ 她所讲的话如此令人费解，他们搞不明白她是什么意思。‎ ‎③There's_no_sense_in getting upset about it now.‎ 现在为这件事苦恼是没有意义的。‎ ‎④In_no_sense_should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.‎ 你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。‎ ‎⑤[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a_real_sense_of achievement.‎ 先处理最重要的任务，这样你会有一种真正的成就感。‎ 过关演练 选词填空 apart from； make sense； be exposed to； put forward； link...to...； be strict with； be cautious about； in no sense； be to blame； lead to ‎1．It ________ to follow your parents' suggestions.‎ 答案：makes sense ‎2．________ a few faults, he is a respectable teacher.‎ 答案：Apart from ‎3．The wire ________ the television.‎ 答案：is linked to ‎4．Generally speaking, parents like the teachers who ________ their children.‎ 答案：are strict with ‎5．________ will they give in to any pressures.‎ 答案：In no sense ‎6．If you ________ English reading and listening every day, you are sure to make much progress in it.‎ 答案：are exposed to ‎7．He ________ his proposal at the meeting.‎ 答案：put forward ‎8．On the Internet, you should ________ your own personal information.‎ 答案：be cautious about ‎9．Eating too much fat can ________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.‎ 答案：lead to ‎10．I think that it is I rather than my sister that ________ for what has happened.‎ 答案：am to blame Only_if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(P7)‎ 只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。‎ ‎(1)“only＋状语”(副词、介词短语、状语从句)位于句首，句子要用部分倒装。但“only＋主语”位 于句首时不用倒装。‎ ‎(2)if only“但愿；要是……就好了”，引导的状语从句使用虚拟语气，表达对现在、将来的愿望或 与过去事实相反的愿望。‎ 语境助记 ‎①[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.‎ 直到一年的友好讨论之后加尔扎女士才最终答应了。‎ ‎②Only when people believe in each other can_they work well.‎ 人们只有相互信任才能很好地工作。‎ ‎③[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Only people who know the keyword can read the message.‎ 只有知道密码的人才能读懂这个信息。‎ ‎④The pills might have cured him, if only he had_taken them regularly.‎ 他要是按时服用这些药丸，他的病本来是可能治得好的。‎ 过关演练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎1．Neither I nor Jane and Mary ________(be) tired of having one examination after another. We really don't want to go to school.‎ 答案：are neither...nor 引导的并列主语，谓语动词应遵循“就近一致原则”。‎ ‎2．Only an hour ago ________ the teacher find out why he was absent.‎ 答案：did “only＋状语”位于句首，句子要部分倒装。由时间状语 an hour ago 可知，该句为一 般过去时。‎ ‎3．Then my 17-year-old suggested ________ (give) him a gift card.‎ 答案：giving suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”。‎ ‎4．Only ________you are modest can you make progress.‎ 答案：if if 引出条件句，意为“如果”。句意：谦虚使人进步。‎ 第 15 页 共 15 页 ‎5．I recognized her ________ moment I saw her.‎ 答案：the the moment 引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。句意：我一看见她，就认出 了她。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．____________light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends ‎ and scatters.‎ 每次光线以新的速度进入某一物体，就会发生折射和散射。‎ 答案：Every time ‎2．When it comes to how to speak fluent Mandarin, I suggest that you ________________ a bunch of pronunciation rules first.‎ 说到如何讲流利的普通话，我建议你首先学一些发音规则。‎ 答案：(should) learn ‎3．________________ progress and the invention of new technology can many old products Be brought back to their old state.‎ 只有跟随新科技的发明和进步，许多老产品才会焕发生机。‎ 答案：Only with 过去分词作定语和表语 过去分词作定语 ‎1．单个的过去分词作定语时，常位于它所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所 修饰的名词之后，但单个过去分词修饰 something, everything 等不定代词时，也要后置。‎ From the stomach the disease attacked the body quickly and soon the affected person died.‎ 这种病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，很快这个受感染的人死亡了。‎ Things lost never come again.‎ 覆水难收。‎ ‎2．过去分词与现在分词作定语时的区别 ì现在分词表示主动或进行过去分词表示被动或完成 The girl standing under the tree is very beautiful.‎ 站在树下的女孩很漂亮。(表主动、进行)‎ Have you read the novel written by Dickens?‎ 你读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗？(表被动、完成)‎ 过去分词作表语 ‎1．过去分词与 v.ing 形式作表语的区别 v．ing 作表语时，表示特征，意为“令人……”；过去分词作表语，表示状态，意为“感到……”‎ He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.‎ 他对霍乱致人死地的两种推测很感兴趣。‎ The story is so interesting that nobody dislikes it.‎ 这个故事如此有趣，没有人不喜欢它。‎ ‎2．过去分词作定语和表语的区别 定语：置于名词之后或之前表示动作完成或被动。‎ 表语：置于系动词之后，说明主语的状态或特征。‎ 过关演练 单句语法填空 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1．[2016·四川高考]Those ________ (give) night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime.‎ 答案：given 主语 those 与 give 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。句意：和那些喝了在白 天收集的牛奶的老鼠相比，喝了含有 10 倍褪黑激素的在夜间收集的牛奶的老鼠更不活跃，也很少焦虑。‎ ‎2．Teams of four, ________(dress) in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course.‎ 答案：dressed be dressed in “穿着……”，teams of four 与 dress 为被动关系，且作定语，故填 dressed。‎ 句意：四人一组的几个队，穿着各种各样奇怪、滑稽的衣服，沿着一条 50 米的路线滚着一个完整的奶酪。‎ ‎3．After the heavy rain, many cars got ________ (catch) in the mud.‎ 答案：caught 过去分词作表语，表示被动。句意：大雨过后，许多车陷入泥里。‎ ‎4．Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the ________ (pollute) river.‎ 答案：polluted 过去分词作定语，表被动，故填 polluted。‎ ‎5．The children were all ________ after they heard the ________ news that their team had won the game.(inspire)‎ 答案：inspired; inspiring 第一空修饰人，故用 inspired；第二空修饰物，故用 inspiring。‎ Ⅰ.完形填空(建议用时 17′)‎ ‎[2017·河北定州模拟]Carl Kenton is a wealthy businessman. Five years ago, after returning from abroad to his motherland, he __1__ his small company. Speaking of success, Glen often tells us a story about his __2__ expensive “school” fee. He always owes his success to it. At that time, Glen, who already got a Ph.D. Degree, Decided to return to the homeland, starting a company. Before __3__， he bought a Rolex watch with the __4__ made through years of work after school and the scholarships. At the airport he had to accept the routine customs check. The watch on his wrist was also demanded to be __5__ down for inspection. Glen knew that carrying the __6__ goods out had to pay the tax, and he worried about paying __7__ for his watch. So when he was checked, he told a lie that his watch was a __8__ fake(假货). When he was __9__ of his “smarts”， immediately, __10__ the presence of Glen, the officers hit the watch, which __11__ nearly 100,000, into pieces at hearing Glen's words. Glen was 12 . Before he understood why, he was taken to the office to be examined __13__. Formany times of entry-exit __14__ he ‎ knew that only those people in the “blacklist” would “enjoy” this special treatment.‎ The officers looked over everything carefully in the box, and __15__ him no matter what time of entry and exit he must accept the check and if __16__ reusing and carrying fake and shoddy goods, he would be charged according to law! Suddenly, his face turned red, and he had nothing in mind after __17__ the plane for long. After returning to the homeland, he often told the story to his family, and his employees, too. He said that this made a deep __18__ on him, because the additional high “school” fee that he had ever paid made him realize the value of __19__， which he would __20__ as the secret of his success forever.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了一个商人的故事，他过海关为了逃税而撒谎，结果却 经受了更为严格的检查，他从中懂得了诚实的重要性。‎ ‎1．A. set up B．took up C．went up D．picked up 答案：A. set up“建立”；took up“占据”；went up“上升”；picked up“捡起”。此处表示他建立了自己 的一家小公司。故选 A 项。‎ ‎2．A. good B．bad C．extra D．few 答案：C 可根据文章最后一段第 18 空后 additional high “school” fee 得知，是额外的费用，即在 他本应上的学之外受到的“教育”。故选 C 项。‎ ‎3．A. staying B．leaving ‎ C．living D．coming 答案：B. staying“停留”；leaving“离开”；living“生活”；coming“来”。此处表示在离开他得到博士 学位的那个地方。故选 B 项。‎ ‎4．A. books B．things C．savings D．pounds 答案：C 句意：他用课外工作和奖学金存的钱买了一只手表。savings“积蓄”。故选 C 项。‎ ‎5．A. put B．looked C．taken D．lied 答案：C 句意：他的手表也被要求摘下来接受检查。be taken down“摘下来”。故选 C 项。‎ ‎6．A. ordinary B．common C．specific D．many 答案：C. ordinary“普通的”；common“平常的”；specific“特殊的”；many“许多的”。句意：他知道 带某些特殊的商品出海关是要缴税的。故选 C 项。‎ ‎7．A.one B．it C．them D．these 答案：B 根据上文，这里的 it 指代的是 tax ‎，他担心自己要缴税。故选 B 项。‎ ‎8．A. priceless B．useful C．worthless D．valuable 答案：C. priceless“无价的”；useful“有用的”；worthless“无价值的”；valuable“有价值的”。此处表 示他撒谎了，说自己的手表是一文不值的假货。故选 C 项。‎ ‎9．A. afraid B．proud C．ashamed D．hard 答案：B. afraid“害怕的”；proud“骄傲的”；ashamed“羞愧的”；hard“困难的”。此处表示：当他正 为自己的小聪明洋洋得意的时候。故选 B 项。‎ ‎10．A.in B．on C．before D．after 答案：A. in the presence of sb.“在某人在现场的情况下”。‎ ‎11．A. paid B．spent C．took D．cost 答案：D. paid“付钱”；spent“花(时间、精力、钱)”；took“拿”；cost“花费”。此处表示这块手表价 值 100000。故选 D 项。‎ ‎12．A. disappointed B．delighted C．shocked D．satisfied 答案：C. disappointed“失望的”；delighted“快乐的”；shocked“震惊的”；satisfied“满意的”。此处表 示他感到很震惊，因为海关竟然把自己贵重的手表砸碎了。故选 C 项。‎ ‎13．A. strictly B．quietly C．quickly D．curiously 答案：A. strictly“严肃地”；quietly“安静地”；quickly“快地”；curiously“好奇地”。此处表示他被带 到办公室进行更加严格的检查。故选 A 项。‎ ‎14．A. conditions B．experiences C．experiments D．chances 答案：B. conditions“情况，条件”；experiences“经历”；experiments“实验”；chances“机会”。句意：在以后多年的过海关经历中，他知道只有在黑名单中的人才会收到这样的特殊待遇。故选 B 项。‎ ‎15．A. stopped B．hoped C．warned D．urged 答案：C. stopped“停止”；hoped“希望”；warned“警告”；urged“催促”。此处表示检查人员警告他无论何时进出海关，他都必须接受检查。故选 C 项。‎ ‎16．A. came out B．found out C．sent out D．set out 答案：B. came out“出现，出版”；found out“发现”；sent out“发送，派遣”；set out“出发，开始”。‎ 句意：如果再被发现使用和携带假货，他就会被依法控诉。故选 B ‎ 项。‎ ‎17．A. landing B．flying C．catching D．boarding 答案：D. landing“着陆”；flying“飞”；catching“抓住”；boarding“上(飞机、车、船等)，寄宿”。此 处表示：登上飞机之后的很长一段时间内，他的脑子里还是一片空白。故选 D 项。‎ ‎18．A. expression B．idea C．thought D．impression 答案：D. expression“表达”；idea“主意”；thought“想法”；impression“印象”。此处表示这件事给他 留下的印象很深刻。故选 D 项。‎ ‎19．A. honesty B．lies C．goods D．bravery 答案：A. honesty“诚实”；lies“谎言”；goods“货物”；bravery“勇敢”。此处表示他明白了诚实的价 值，因为之前在过海关的时候他撒谎了。故选 A 项。‎ ‎20．A. remember B．study C．read D．research 答案：A. remember“记住”；study“学习”；read“读书”；research“研究”。此处表示他会永远把诚实 作为自己经商成功的秘密。故选 A 项。‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解(建议用时 14′)‎ A About 1.3 billion years ago, two massive black holes hit each other and formed a new one. The energy set free by the collision created a ripple(波纹) in the space-time structure and spread outward in gravitational waves (引力波)．Then, on September 14,2015, a group of scientists discovered the waves. On February 11, an announcementW1 came from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) in the US that, for the very first time, a gravitational wave was directly observed and recorded. “We discovered gravitational waves. We did it，” David Reitze, the director of LIGO, said in thepressconferenceP2 on February 11. “It's exactly what Einstein's theory of general relativity predicted.” Einstein's 1915 theory re-imagined the frameworkW2 for the universe. According to Einstein, the framework for the universe—or the space-time structure—is not fixedW3， But changed by matter and energy “in a way a heavy sleeper causes a mattress to sag(床垫下凹), producing the effect we call gravity”，explains a NewYorkTimes article. “A disturbanceW4 in the universe could cause space-time to become larger, break into pieces and even move up and down, like a mattress shaking when that sleeper rolls over, producing ripples of gravity:gravitational waves，” explains the article. Compared with the other three forcesW5 in the universe(electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force and the strong ‎ nuclear force), gravity is relatively weak, making gravitational waves hard to discover.‎ The discovery by LIGO would open a new chapter in astronomy. “Everything else in astronomy is like the eye，” Szabolcs Marka, a Columbia University professor, told The NewYork Times. “Finally, astronomy grew ears. We never had ears before.”‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了引力波的发现证实了 1915 年爱因斯坦的预测，这为 人类更好地研究宇宙提供了可能。‎ ‎1．What is a gravitational wave according to the text?‎ A．It's a disturbance in the universe.‎ B．It's the crash of the two black holes.‎ C．It's a ripple in the space-time structure.‎ D．It's an effect caused by energy.‎ 答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“The energy set free by the collision created a ripple in the space-time structure and spread outward in gravitational waves.”可知，引力波就是在时空结构中产 生的波纹。故选 C 项。‎ ‎2．Why is the discovery by LIGO important?‎ A．It proves Einstein's 1915 theory.‎ B．The waves were hard to discover.‎ C．The waves changed the universe.‎ D．It reshapes the space-time structure.‎ 答案：A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“It's exactly what Einstein's theory of generalrelativity predicted.”可知，该发现证实了爱因斯坦1915 年提出的理论，这也是此项发现的重要性所在。‎ 故选 A 项。‎ ‎3．What can we learn from the text?‎ A．It took LIGO 4 months to confirm the discovery.‎ B．The framework for the universe can be changed.‎ C．One produces gravity because he sletif heavily.‎ D．There are more than four forces in the universe.‎ 答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“According to Einstein, the framework for the universe—or the space-time structure—is not fixed, But changed by matter and energy...”可知，宇宙的框架结构是可以改变的。故选 B 项。‎ ‎4．What is the last paragraph mainly about?‎ A．Astronomy calls for more attention.‎ B．Never before has astronomy achieved much.‎ C．Astronomy is more about what we can hear in space.‎ D．A better understanding of the universe is made possible.‎ 答案：D 主旨大意题。这一发现掀开了天文学的新篇章，根据本段最后两句“Finally, astronomy grew ears. We never had ears before.”可知，我们将会对宇宙有更好的了解。故选 D 项。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．announcement n. 公告；布告，通告 ‎2．framework n. 构架；框架，结构 第 22 页 共 22 页 ‎3．fixed adj. 固定的，不变的 ‎4．disturbance n. (受)干扰；打扰；妨碍 ‎5．force n. 力 vt. 力量迫使 P重点短语 ‎1．set free 释放 ‎2．the press conference 新闻发布会 B My family moved around a lot when I was growingupP1. In 2nd grade，I lived here in Washington D．C, where I made an amazing group of friends. I was upsetW1 when my parents told me we were moving again and I would have to leave all my best friends behind.‎ In 7th grade, we moved back to Washington D．C. And I could not have been more excited and I felt like I was finally home again. But things had changed. There were two new girls, who decided that they didn't like me, which meant no one else could, not even all my former best friends.‎ And then one day during school, I opened my locker, only to find a note lying on the floor. The note said：Die. Nobody likes you.‎ My heart started beating faster and I felt the blood rushing to my face. I ‎ had no idea what to do. The note wasn't signed and I had no idea who had written it, but I figured the new girls were behind it. I had to sit in class all day with my head down, wondering who else knew about this shameW2. I felt horribleW3 and sure that nothing would ever be good again. I decided that the perfect way to end all of this was with another note, left on the bathroom mirror at school. It's sad for someone to bully (欺负) other classmates to make themselves feel better or look cool.‎ Bullying others is a way to impressW4 others. It's common, but that doesn't mean it's okay. Looking cool is not worth making others feel bad. ObviouslyW5 I'm very happy now, but it doesn't mean I'll ever forget about that note or how it made me feel. And to those of you that are current victims of bullying—know that you are NOT alone. It will get better. I promise.‎ 篇章导读：家庭的搬迁给孩子的生活和学习都带来了一些问题，但本文小作者以积极且坦诚的心 态去面对，用颇具建设性的办法去解决，值得读者们学习、借鉴。‎ ‎5．Why was the author unhappy when she left Washington D．C?‎ A．She couldn't adapt herself.‎ B．She had to leave best friends.‎ C．She was growing up there.‎ D．She hated traveling a lot.‎ 答案：B 细节理解题。根据文中第一段的最后一句可知，答案是 B。‎ ‎6．When the author opened the locker, she felt________.‎ A．surprised B．annoyed C．amused D．ashamed 答案：D 细节理解题。根据文中第四段中的倒数第二句“I had to sit in class all day with my head down，wondering who else knew about this shame.”可知，小作者当时感到很羞愧。‎ ‎7．In the end, the author turned things around________.‎ A．under her teacher's guide B．by compromising to others C．with her best friends' help D．through her own efforts 答案：D 推理判断题。根据文中倒数第二段可知答案，即通过自己的努力，用积极建设性的办法解脱困境。‎ ‎8．What suggestion does the author give to the teens?‎ A．Meet friends whenever possible.‎ B．Make efforts to fight back hard.‎ C．Go easy on yourself and others.‎ D．Be optimistic and let a thing slide.‎ 答案：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段，即小作者自己的留言的内容可推知，他的建议是：遇到逆境时，一定要冷静乐观，对伤害自己的人和事不必看得过重。故 D 项正确。‎ W重点单词 ‎1．upset adj. 不安的 2.shame n. 羞耻 ‎3．horrible adj. 可怕的 ‎4．impress vt. 给予某人深刻印象 ‎5．obviously adv. 显而易见地 P重点短语 ‎1．grow up 成长；长大 2.be worth doing 值得做 Ⅲ.短文改错(建议用时 8′)‎ Not having passed the exam, Xiao Ming remained in the classroom after school. When asking, he told me he didn't dare to go home because of he was afraid of being scolded or beaten by his dad. Hearing that he said, I felt sorry for him and couldn't help think of the “wolf father”．‎ ‎ Children will behave well if they are punishing when they do something wrong and that punishment should be physical punishment, which is an extreme important educational concept to many parents. But I think this violent way harms children mental growth and the forming of their good characters.‎ No one can avoid making mistake. Parents should help our children correct mistakes and encourage them make progress.‎ 答案：‎ 第一处：asking→asked 考查状语从句的省略。when asked 相当于“when he was asked”。‎ 第二处：去掉 because 后的 of 考查原因状语从句的引导词。because of 后跟名词、名词短语或 what 从句。而 because 引导从句。‎ 第三处：that→what 考查宾语从句的引导词。what he said 作 hearing 的宾语。‎ 第四处：think→thinking 考查固定搭配。can't help doing... “忍不住做……”。‎ 第五处：punishing→punished 考查被动语态。‎ 第六处：extreme→extremely 考查副词修饰形容词。‎ 第七处：children→children's 考查名词所有格。此处需表达“……的”，因此用 children's。‎ 第八处：mistake→mistakes 考查固定搭配。make mistakes 或 make a mistake “犯错误”。‎ 第 25 页 共 25 页 第九处：our→their 考查代词。‎ 第十处：make 前加 to 考查固定搭配。encourage sb. to do sth. “鼓励某人做某事”。‎