2020届二轮复习(三)代　词

2020届二轮复习(三)代　词

‎2020届二轮复习 (三)代　词 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 人称代词、物主代词及反身代词 ‎[全析考法]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give______ a try.‎ 解析：it/running　根据句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该尝试着跑跑步”，故填代词it，指代上文的running，此处也可直接填名词running。‎ ‎2．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find________ (they) alive.‎ 解析：them　人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。空格前面是动词find，空格处应用宾格，故填them，指代上文的gorillas。‎ ‎3．(2018•6月浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ________ can be to eat out.‎ 解析：it　此处应用it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to eat out为真正的主语。‎ ‎4．(2017•6月浙江高考)“She thought I had hurt ________ (I)，”says Pahlsson.‎ 解析：myself　句意：Pahlsson说：“她以为我伤到了自己”。根据前面的主语I可知，此处要用反身代词作宾语。‎ ‎5．(2016•全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother.‎ 解析：its　句意：在最近的一次参观中，我抱着一对可爱的、三个月大的双胞胎大熊猫中的一只，这只大熊猫被它的妈妈遗弃了。此处应该使用形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰名词mother。‎ ‎6．(2015•广东高考)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned a farm ...Now it occurred to ________ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.‎ 解析：him　“it occurred to sb.＋that从句”表示“某人突然想到”，此处指Mr.Johnson突然想到发生在他身上的事情，所以填him。‎ ‎7．(2014•全国卷Ⅱ)Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh dear! It's __________ (I)．”‎ 解析：me/mine　根据上文语境可知，此处的It如果指前面的suitcase的话，那么此空需要使用名词性物主代词mine，表示“那个箱子是我的”；如果指前面的anyone的话，那么此空需要用I的宾格形式me，表示“是我在上一站丢失了手提箱”。‎ ‎8．(2014•辽宁高考)Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds.‎ 解析：it　句意：抬起你的腿让它在空中停几秒钟。此处填it指代前面出现的“your leg”。‎ ‎9．(2014•广东高考)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said ________ was a wonderful holiday destination.‎ 解析：it　从空格后的“a wonderful holiday destination”可知，这个地方就是Miami，故填it指代前面提到的地点。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework, but I was shy.________________‎ 解析：myself→my　此处表示我已经完成了我的家庭作业。my是形容词性物主代词，作 homework的定语，myself不作定语。‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school ...This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.________________‎ 解析：your→my　此处意为“这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的许多快乐的记忆”，故应该使用代词my。‎ ‎3．(2016•全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.‎ ‎________________‎ 解析：your→our　根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。‎ ‎4．(2016•全国卷Ⅲ)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.________________‎ 解析：yourself→myself　根据前面的I可知，此处指“我自己做决定”，故应用myself。‎ ‎5．(2016•四川高考)When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.________________‎ 解析：her→his　由前面的“When he came back”可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。‎ ‎6．(2015•全国卷Ⅰ)We must find ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so, we'll live to regret it.‎ ‎________________‎ 解析：your→our/the　依据前后句的语境及逻辑关系可知，前面的主语是we，句中的your与上下文相悖，应当改为our/the才能使句意通顺。‎ ‎7．(2015•全国卷Ⅱ)Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.‎ ‎________________‎ 解析：saw后加his　根据语境及英语表达习惯，应当在parents前加上与主语Tony相一致的物主代词his。‎ ‎8．(2015•四川高考)As I told you last time, I made three new friends here ...but I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship.What do you think I should do? If you were me, would you talk to him？________________‎ 解析：him→them　根据上文可知，此处指作者交的三个新朋友，故用them。‎ ‎9．(2015•浙江高考)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.________________‎ 解析：them→it　a beautiful park为单数，故应用it指代前面的单数可数名词park。‎ ‎[谨记规则]‎ ‎(一)人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 ‎1．基本用法 类别 主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 反身代词 功能 作主语 作宾语、‎ 同位语等 作定语 作主语、表 语或宾语 作宾语、‎ 表语或 同位语 第一 人称 I(我) me my mine myself ‎ we(我们) us our ours ourselves 第二人称 you(你) you your yours yourself ‎ You ‎(你们) you your yours yourselves 第三人称 he(他) him his his himself ‎ she(她) her her hers herself ‎ it(它) it its its itself ‎ they(他们) them their theirs themselves ‎2．反身代词的习惯用法 与介词 搭配 by oneself独自地　　　for oneself亲自 of oneself自动地 in oneself 本质上；本身 与动词 搭配 come to oneself　　　　苏醒；恢复知觉 dress oneself 打扮；自己穿衣 devote oneself to 致力于；献身于 behave oneself 举止规矩有礼；检点 apply oneself to 专心致志于 help oneself to 随便吃/用 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 seat oneself 就座；入席 make yourself at home 别客气 adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于 teach oneself 自学 speak to oneself 自言自语 think for oneself 独立思考 ‎(二)it的用法 ‎1．it的基本用法 用法 例句 指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等 It is early spring, but it is already hot.现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。‎ 代替前面提过的事物、群体、想法、内容等或代替指示代词 Although he didn't like it, I decided to see the movie anyway.‎ 尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。‎ 指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁) What will you call it if it is a boy?‎ 要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？‎ ‎2.it作形式主语或形式宾语 ‎ 常用句型 it 作 形 式 主 语 It is a pity/shame that ...　　　　真可惜……‎ It is no wonder that ... 难怪……‎ It seems/appears that ... 似乎/看来……‎ It looks/seems as if/as though ... 看起来好像……‎ It happens that ... 碰巧……‎ It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb.that ...‎ ‎ 某人突然想起……‎ It is said/reported that ... 据说/据报道……‎ It is certain that ... ……是一定的 It is no use/good doing ... 做……没有用/好处 It takes sb.some time to do ...‎ 做……花费某人若干时间 it作形式宾语 ①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep ...＋it＋adj./n.＋for/of sb. to do/that从句 ‎②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep ...＋it＋useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy ... ＋doing ...‎ ‎3．it的常用短语或句型 make it　　　　　　　　　　 获得成功；赶上 See to it that ... 确保……‎ count on/rely on/depend on it that ...　 相信……‎ as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样 When it comes to ... 当涉及/谈到……‎ I can't help it (...) (……)我没办法/情不自禁 I take it that ... 我理解的是……‎ It's (high) time that sb. did/should do sth.‎ ‎ 是某人该做某事的时候了 It's the first/second/...time that sb.have/has done sth.‎ 这是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事了 It is/has been ...since ... 自从……已过了……时间了 It will be/was ...before ...‎ 要过……时间才……/在……之前已过了……时间 ‎ ‎ 不定代词　‎ ‎[全析考法]‎ 单句改错 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, ‎ and another animals.________________‎ 解析：another→other　another“又一，再一”修饰可数名词单数，可数名词复数前用other，意为“其他的”。‎ ‎2．(2015•陕西高考)My soccer coach retired last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.________________‎ 解析：anything→something　something一般用在肯定句中，表示“一些事”；anything一般用在疑问句和否定句中。此处是表示某件事而不是任何事情。‎ ‎3．(2015•四川高考)We've been spending a lot of time singing in karaoke bars.It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.________________‎ 解析：many→much　此处指的是花费很多钱，代指不可数名词，故用much。many用来指代可数名词复数。‎ ‎[谨记规则]‎ ‎1．both, all, either, neither与none的区别 代词 用　法 both (1)表示“两者(都)”。‎ ‎(2)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎(3)与not连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都……”。(表示全部否定需用neither)‎ all (1)指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”。‎ ‎(2)作主语，指人时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；指事物的整体或抽象概念时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。‎ ‎(3)与not连用表示部分否定。(表示完全否定需用none)‎ either (1)表示“(两者中的)任何一个”。(表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的“任何一个”需用any)‎ ‎(2)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ neither (1)表示“(两者)都不”。‎ ‎(2)单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎(3)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。‎ none (1)表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”。‎ ‎(2)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。‎ ‎(3)既可指代可数名词，也可指代不可数名词。‎ ‎2．each与every的区别 代词 用　法 each (1)强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”。‎ ‎(2)可以与of短语连用；可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。‎ every (1)强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”。‎ ‎(2)与not连用构成部分否定。‎ ‎(3)可用来表示“每隔”。‎ ‎(4)不可与of短语连用。‎ ‎3．the other, another, others与the others的区别 代词 用　法 the other 可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”。‎ another 泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替单数可数名词。另外，another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词(名词表示的事物被看作一个整体)”，表示“另外的……(多少)”。‎ others/‎ the others others只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some连用。特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用the others。‎ ‎4．none, nothing与no one/nobody的区别 代词 用　法 none (1)特指语境中提到的人或物，强调数量。‎ ‎(2)后可接of短语，可回答以how many, how much引导的特殊疑问句。‎ nothing (1)指物，表泛指。‎ ‎(2)不可接of短语，可回答what引导的特殊疑问句。‎ no one/‎ nobody (1)常指人，仅用于指代可数名词单数。‎ ‎(2)不可接of短语，可回答以who引导的特殊疑问句。‎ ‎5．复合不定代词的用法 ‎ 某…… 任何…… 每个……；所有…… 没有……‎ 人 someone/‎ somebody anyone/‎ anybody everyone/everybody no one/‎ nobody 物 something anything everything nothing ‎[知识拓展]　复合不定代词构成的习惯搭配：‎ nothing but　　　　　　 仅仅；只是 anything but 决不 something of 有几分；略微 or something 诸如此类的人或物 something else 别的东西；另外一件事 for nothing 免费 ‎6．表数量的不定代词的用法 代词 用法 表示意义 含义 few 修饰或代替可数名词 否定含义 几乎没有 a few 修饰或代替可数名词 肯定含义 几个；一些 little 修饰或代替不可数名词 否定含义 几乎没有 a little 修饰或代替不可数名词 肯定含义 少量；一点点 many 修饰或代替可数名词 肯定含义 许多 much 修饰或代替不可数名词 肯定含义 许多 ‎ ‎ 语法填空解题“2定向”‎ ‎1．通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式 ‎(1)如果作主语，则用人称代词的主格； ‎ ‎(2)如果作宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格； ‎ ‎(3)如果作定语，则用形容词性物主代词； ‎ ‎(4)如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又反射到句子主语，则用反身代词。‎ ‎2．通过句式结构和“指代”，判断是否用it ‎(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；‎ ‎(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it；‎ ‎(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；‎ ‎(4)注意一些固定用法：dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to ...＋it＋从句。‎ 据第1条解题 ‎1．He lives a very regular life, studying every day and never allowing himself (he) to fall behind in his schoolwork.‎ ‎2．When told that it was a loss to humans, the farmers burst into laughter and responded，“Our real loss is our (we) decreasing income.”‎ ‎3．While making a choice from various ways of spending our time, we ought to ensure something that restores our lost energy and cheers us (we) up.‎ ‎4．But she learned a lot as she worked, and her employer allowed her to use his (he) large library.‎ ‎5．However, while it is fun to keep up with the latest news, we may actually be putting ourselves (we) in danger.‎ ‎6．They had to chase the overprotective mother away first, so that they (them) could get close enough to rescue the baby.‎ ‎7．Yesterday evening, just before dusk, I spotted a pigeon badly tied up with a sharp kite string, hitting the wall and the tree branches to free himself (he) from the string.‎ 据第2条解题 ‎8．We believe that it is the Silk Road that will help to realize the peace and development of this area.‎ ‎9．Realizing it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.‎ ‎10．Given hope, I am convinced that a breakthrough can come at any age if we have faith in ourselves and keep learning and working for it.‎ ‎11．Unlike those taxis, my vehicle does not run on petrol or diesel (柴油) or even gas; it runs on my sweat.‎ ‎12．It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them.‎ 短文改错解题“3注意”‎ ‎1．避免张冠李戴，注意前后一致性 注意前后人称、性别、单复数是否一致。 ‎ ‎2．分析句子成分，掌握固定短语 ‎(1)根据所充当的句子成分正确使用人称代词、物主代词和反身代词；‎ ‎(2)注意一些含代词的固定短语。‎ ‎3．搞清范围，确定不定代词 ‎(1)两者：二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both；‎ ‎(2)三者或三者以上：三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用all; ‎ ‎(3)其他：若表示“另外一个”用another; 若在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数，用others；‎ ‎(4)肯定句用something，否定句和疑问句用anything。‎ 据第1条解题 ‎1．Once I got first prize in the English Writing Competition in your school.In addition, I worked as a reporter for our school newspaper last year, which I think will certainly help me do the job better.your→our ‎2．The moment he tried to hang the bottle on it, they fell and broke.they→it ‎3．First of all, as students we should manage our own behaviors and help people around you form good habits.you→us ‎4．In spite of my own exhaustion, I rose from my seat and gave them away without hesitation to her and the baby.them→it ‎5．After picking out one of my shirts and a coat, I washed and then hung it out.it→them ‎6．My brother and Ah Bao came to a river nearby and enjoyed himself.himself→themselves 据第2条解题 ‎7．It is me that should clean the classroom.me→I ‎8．As a result, he is popular with our students. our→us ‎9．I rushed out and it was my mother, who is already in the fifties, that brought me lunch, in spite of the heavy rain.第一个the→her ‎10．It is a very precious present from mine Canadian teacher, which I treasure very much.mine→my 据第3条解题 ‎11．Now I am writing here in my flat to tell you anything about it.anything→something ‎12．Dad found a new job, and as Mom explained, “He was lucky to find other one.”other→another