高中英语Great seientists Learning about Language学案人教版（必修5）

高中英语Great seientists Learning about Language学案人教版（必修5）

Period Two　Learning about Language Grammar：The Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative 过去分词作表语和定语 ‎1．过去分词作定语 ‎(1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，有时也放在被修饰的名词之后。‎ My friend is a returned student.‎ 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。‎ The excited people rushed into the hall.‎ 激动的人们冲进大厅。‎ There is no time left.没有多少时间了。‎ ‎(2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。‎ The student dressed in white is my daughter.‎ ‎＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.‎ 穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。‎ Is there anything planned for tonight?‎ ‎＝Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?‎ 今晚安排了什么活动没有？‎ The book，written in 1957，tells the struggle of the miners.‎ ‎＝The book，which was written in 1957，tells the struggle of the miners.‎ 这本书是1957年写的，讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事。‎ 过去分词作定语与所修饰词之间存在两种意义关系：一是及物动词表被动意义(或已完成的被动动作)；二是不及物动词表示完成意义。‎ an organized trip有组织的旅行(被动)‎ The question discussed was very important.‎ 被讨论的问题非常重要。(即表被动又表完成)‎ boiled water开水(完成)‎ fallen leaves落叶(完成)‎ ‎2．过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态(用作表语的过去分词大多已形容词化)。这种结构从形式上看与被动语态相同，但后者表示主语所承受的动作。‎ He is very tired after a long walk.‎ 走了很长的路，他感到很累。(系表结构)‎ This window is broken.这个窗户破了。(系表结构)‎ This window was broken by the naughty boy there.‎ 这个窗户是被那边那个顽皮的男孩打破的。(被动语态)‎ ‎3．现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：‎ 现在分词作定语表示主动意义，过去分词作定语一般表示被动含义。‎ 现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行，过去分词作定语表示状态或动作已完成。‎ The child standing over there is my brother.‎ 站在那儿的男孩是我弟弟。‎ The room facing south is our classroom.‎ 朝南的房间是我们的教室。‎ He is an advanced teacher.他是位高级教师。‎ ‎4．现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别：‎ v．ing形式表示“令人……的”，多用来修饰物；v.ed形式表示“某人感到……的”，多用来修饰人。‎ The book is very interesting.这本书很有趣。‎ He is very interested in the book.‎ 他对这本书很感兴趣。‎ This is a moving story.这是一个感人的故事。‎ We were deeply moved by the story.‎ 我们被这个故事深深地打动了。‎ The news is very exciting.这消息太激动人心了。‎ I was excited at the news.‎ 听到这个消息我很激动。‎ 注意：(1)v.ing形式也可以修饰人，v.ed形式也可以修饰物，要根据句意选择适当的形式。‎ the worried expression忧虑的表情 the disappointing boy令人失望的孩子 ‎(2)英语中一些表示心理变化的动词，其中v.ing和v.ed形式通常起形容词作用，在句中作定语或表语，常用的这类词有：‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．—Can those________at the back of the classroom hear me?‎ ‎—No problem.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A．seat B．sit C．seated D．sat 答案　C 解析　“________at the back of the classroom”为分词短语作定语。sit为不及物动词，可用sitting...作定语；seat为及物动词，常与反身代词连用或用be seated形式。这里seat 与those构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词作定语。‎ ‎2．We finished the run in less than half the time ________.‎ A．allowing B．to allow C．allowed D．allows 答案　C 解析　句意为：我们用了不到被允许的时间的一半就跑完了。time后缺少定语，“时间”与“允许”之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词形式。‎ ‎3．Please remain ________；the winner of the prize will be announced soon.‎ A．seating B．seated C．to seat D．to be seated 答案　B 解析　句意为：请在座位上坐着；很快就会宣布获奖者。seat是及物动词，remain/be seated保持坐着的状态，坐着。‎ ‎4．The trees ________ in the storm have been moved off the road.‎ A．being blown down B．blown down C．blowing down D．to blow down 答案　B 解析　句意为：在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经被从道路上移走了。“树木”‎ 的后面缺少定语，因为blow down与trees之间是动宾关系，且是已经完成的动作，故用过去分词短语blown down。‎ ‎5．It is one of the funniest things________on the Internet so far this year.‎ A．finding B．being found C．to find D．found 答案　D 解析　found此处为过去分词作后置定语，用来修饰things，与things构成被动关系。句意为：这是今年到目前为止在因特网上发现的最滑稽的事情之一。‎ ‎6．The Town Hall________in the ‎1880’‎s was the most distinguished building at that time.‎ A．to be completed B．having been completed C completed D．being completed 答案　C 解析　completed in the 1880’s为过去分词短语作定语修饰the Town Hall，二者之间为被动关系；D项表示动作正在发生，不合题意；B项不能作限制性的定语。‎ ‎7．At the beginning of class，the noise of desks________could be heard outside the classroom.‎ A．opened and closed B．to be opened and closed C．being opened and closed D．to open and close 答案　C 解析　本题考查非谓语动词作定语。过去分词作定语表完成、被动；不定式作定语表将来；现在分词作定语表示正在进行。句意为：开始上课时，在教室外面就能听到开关课桌的声音。此处表示开关课桌的动作正在进行，因此用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎8．The________dishes lay on the floor.‎ A．breaking B．broken C．broke D．break 答案　B 解析　本题考查非谓语动词作定语。句意为：那些打碎了的盘子在地上。‎ ‎9．It was such a________job that I really felt________.‎ A．tiring；tiring B．tired；tired C．tiring；tired D．tired；tiring 答案　C 解析　tiring使人疲劳的，令人厌倦的；tired疲劳的，累的。‎ ‎10．There’s a big dog________to a fence outside the house.‎ A．tying B．tied C．to tie D．ties 答案　B 解析　本题考查分词作定语，tie“拴，系”和修饰的词dog之间有被动关系，故选tied。句意为：有一条狗拴在房子外面的篱笆上。‎ ‎11．His ability________in those years was praised by all of us.‎ A．showing B．be showing C．shown D．was shown 答案　C 解析　句意为：这几年他表现出来的能力让所有的人赞叹。因为show和his ability之间是动宾关系，故用shown。‎ ‎12．He seemed quite________at the idea.‎ A．pleasing B．pleased C．please D．pleasant 答案　B 解析　pleased感到高兴的；pleasing令人高兴的；pleasant令人愉快的，舒适的，合意的，故选B项。‎ ‎13．The boy________by the police has no parents.‎ A．questioned B．has been questioned C．having been questioned D．questioning 答案　A 解析　句意为：被警察盘问的那个孩子没有父母。question与the boy是动宾关系，故选A项。‎ ‎14．From the date________on the gold coin，we decided it was made 600 years ago.‎ A．marking B．marked C．to be marked D．being marked 答案　B 解析　句意为：从金币上所标的日期看，我们断定它是600年前制造的。the date和mark之间是动宾关系，故选B项。‎ ‎15．The girl________down by a car was dying.‎ A．knock B．knocking C．knocked D．to knock 答案　C 解析　句意为：被车撞的那个女孩快要死了。the girl和knock之间动宾关系，故选C项。‎ ‎16．The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain________as the plane was making a landing.‎ A．seat B．seating C．seated D．to be seating 答案　C 解析　remain seated保持坐着的状态，坐着，seated作表语。‎ ‎17．This is the problem________so quickly last evening.‎ A．having been settled B．settle C．be settled D．settled 答案　D 解析　句意为：这是昨晚很快就解决了的那个问题。settle与problem之间是动宾关系，且动作已经完成，故选D项。‎ ‎18．I don’t know the girl________in the snowstorm.‎ A．to catch B．caught C catching D．to be catching 答案　B 解析　be caught in遭遇到，遇到。‎ ‎19．Facing the________situation，the sales manager looked________.‎ A．puzzling；puzzled B．puzzling；puzzling C．puzzled；puzzled D．puzzled；puzzling 答案　A 解析　puzzling令人迷惑不解的，莫名其妙的，puzzled感到迷惑的，困惑的。‎ ‎20．The door remained________.‎ A．lock B．to lock C．locking D．locked 答案　D 解析　remain locked保持锁着的状态，仍然锁着。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．This exposed(曝光了的)film is useless.‎ ‎2．Many old people died from the polluted(污染的)air.‎ ‎3．The drunken(喝醉酒的)drivers are likely to cause accidents.‎ ‎4．This book written_by_Lu_Xun(鲁迅写的)is very good.‎ ‎5．My spoken_English(英语口语)is very bad.‎ ‎6．He looked very_excited(很激动)．‎ ‎7．The problem discussed_at_the_meeting yesterday(在昨天会议上讨论过的)was very difficult to solve.‎ ‎8．He became very_surprised(非常地惊讶)when he heard the news.‎ ‎9．The boy was very frightened(害怕)when his father got angry.‎ ‎10．Are you very disappointed(失望的)at losing the game?‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 A Snow can be very beautiful.When snow covers everything around you，the world looks like a “Winter Wonderland”．That is the name of a very popular song about winter.Richard Smith and Felix Bernard wrote the song in 1934.‎ But winter is not always such a beautiful and happy time.It is cold outside.The wind blows and makes it even colder.The days are shorter and darker.The sun rarely shines.The leaves on the trees are brown or have fallen to the ground.The flowers are mostly gone.It is not surprising that some people are sad in winter.And some people dream about being somewhere else where it is warm and pretty—like the state of California.The Mamas and the Papas recorded their famous song，“California Dreaming” in 1965.‎ During the 1960s，many other famous rock groups sang songs about winter.There was a song sung by Simon and Garfunkel called “A Hazy Shade of Winter”．They sang about life and hope.‎ In 1968，the group Blood，Sweat and Tears recorded this gentle，sad song about winter.They sang about the lost love and forgotten memories in “Sometimes in Winter”．‎ Gordon Lightfoot wrote and recorded another sad and lovely song about winter in 1975.Sarah McLachlan recorded “Song for a Winter’s Night” for an album in 2006.She sang about reading a love letter and wishing the writer were with her.‎ Finally，on a lovely note，we leave you this sad song by Wayne.‎ ‎1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．“Winter Wonderland” is a song written by two brothers.‎ B．Most people feel very sad in winter.‎ C．“California Dreaming” is the most famous song about winter.‎ D．Winter is not always a happy time.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据“But winter is not always such a beautiful and happy time.”可知冬天的时光并不总是快乐的。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “rarely” in the second paragraph mean?‎ A．Often. B．Never.‎ C．Hardly. D．Sometimes.‎ 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据“It is cold outside.The wind blows and makes it even colder.The days are shorter and darker.”的语境可知，冬天很少见到阳光，故选C项。‎ ‎3．What do we learn about the song “Sometimes in Winter” from the passage?‎ A．It was written for Sarah McLachlan.‎ B．Gordon Lightfoot made some changes to it.‎ C．It is a gentle and sad song about winter.‎ D．It first came out in the 1970s.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的“In 1968，the group Blood，Sweat and Tears recorded this gentle，sad song about winter.”可知C项正确。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the passage?‎ A．It is usually warm in California in winter.‎ B．“Song for a Winter’s Night” is a very happy song.‎ C．Blood，Sweat and Tears are the names of three singers.‎ D．Simon and Garfunkel often felt sad.‎ 答案　A 解析　理解推断题。根据第二段的“And some people dream about being somewhere else where it is warm and pretty—like the state of California.”‎ 可知很多人梦想着冬天可以去温暖和美丽的加州，由此可推断加州的冬天很温暖。‎ ‎5．Where is this passage most probably taken from?‎ A．Newspaper. B．TV news.‎ C．Radio program. D．Magazine.‎ 答案　C 解析　理解推断题。根据文章最后一句“Finally，on a lovely note，we leave you this sad song by Wayne.”可知文章最有可能来自一个电台节目。‎ B Jenny，‎ I often think if I am as important to you as you are to me.‎ We had an unhappy time yesterday.I really felt sad after it and almost apologized(道歉)to you.However，you could still laugh and talk with others like nothing had happened.I suddenly realized that I was not important to you.You didn’t even realize that I was angry and sad.What’s more，you even forgot my birthday this year.‎ Goodbye，my friend.I have closed my feelings toward you.It is sad to say goodbye，my friend.But it is meaningless(无意义的)for us to be friends any longer.‎ Lucy Dear Lucy，‎ I’m sorry that I hurt you so much yesterday.But here is something I really need to tell you.I never thought the quarrel we had yesterday was as serious as you thought.I just felt tired and didn’t feel like going shopping.Susan and Lily are also my good friends.I couldn’t pretend(假装)not to see them when they passed by.I also couldn’t let them know I was blue because of the quarrel.I didn’t want them to feel sad just because I was sad.I’m your best friend，but I don’t want to be your only friend.I don’t want to be with you all the time because sometimes I need to have my own time.I want to spend some time with my other friends and my brother.Please try to make more friends.You will feel much happier if you have more friends.And remember，I’m your best friend forever!‎ Jenny ‎6．What’s the purpose of Lucy’s letter?‎ A．To tell Jenny that she is really sorry for what happened yesterday.‎ B．To tell Jenny she doesn’t want to be friends with her any longer.‎ C．To ask Jenny not to be friends with Susan or Lily.‎ D．To ask Jenny if she means as much to her as she means to her.‎ 答案　B 解析　作者意图题。根据Lucy的信的最后一段，可知她写这封信的目的是想告诉Jenny她以后再也不想跟她继续做朋友了。‎ ‎7．What’s the cause of the quarrel yesterday?‎ A．Jenny laughed and talked with others.‎ B．Jenny didn’t notice that Lucy was sad.‎ C．Jenny didn’t want to go shopping.‎ D．Jenny didn’t remember Lucy’s birthday.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据Jenny信中提到的“I just felt tired and didn’t feel like going shopping.”可推断她们吵架的原因是Jenny不想去购物。‎ ‎8．In the letter，Jenny suggests Lucy should________.‎ A．make more friends B．leave her alone C．make friends with Susan and Lily D．spend more time with her family 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据Jenny信中的“Please try to make more friends.”可知她建议Lucy多交些朋友，而不是只有她一个朋友。‎ ‎9．According to the passage，if we say someone is blue，we mean he/she is________.‎ A．angry B．sad C．kind D．happy 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据“I didn’t want them to feel sad just because I was sad .”可知be blue在这里是指“伤心的、不愉快的”。‎ ‎10．After reading Jenny’s letter，we learn that________.‎ A．Jenny and Lucy are both students B．Lucy doesn’t know how to keep a healthy friendship C．a friend in need is a friend indeed D．Lucy is Jenny’s only friend 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据Jenny的信，我们可知Lucy仅仅因为Jenny不想陪她去购物就很伤心，还跟她吵架，后来看到Jenny跟别的朋友聊天，她就很气愤，最后又写信说要跟Jenny断交，由此可推断Lucy不知道怎样维持健康的朋友关系。‎