2018届译林版选修8一轮复习：Unit1Thewrittenword单元学案设计（43页）

2018届译林版选修8一轮复习：Unit1Thewrittenword单元学案设计（43页）

‎2018届译林版选修8一轮复习：Unit1The written word单元学案设计 一重点单词 Ⅰ.写作必记单词 ‎1．abuse vt.&n.虐待；辱骂；滥用 ‎2．desperate adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要，渴望 desperately adv.拼命地；绝望地 ‎3．tension n．紧张气氛；紧张，烦躁；矛盾，对立 tense adj.令人紧张的，神经紧张的；绷紧的，不松弛的 ‎4．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的 generously adv.慷慨地，大方地 generosity n．慷慨，大方；宽宏大量 ‎5．vain adj.虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的 ‎6．theme n．主题，主题思想；主题音乐 ‎7．violent adj.暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的 violence n．暴力，暴行 ‎8．threat n．威胁，恐吓 threaten vt.威胁，恐吓 ‎9．violence n．暴力，暴行 ‎10．resist vi.&vt.反抗，抵制，抵挡 resistant adj.抵制的，抵抗的；有抵抗力的 resistance n．反对，抵制，抵抗 ‎11．rescue n．&vt.救援，营救 ‎12．reputation n．名声，名誉 ‎13．debt n．债务，欠款 ‎14．intend vt.&vi.打算，计划，想要 intention n．意图，目的；打算 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎15．fiction n．小说；虚构的事 ‎ ‎16．characteristic n．特征，特点；adj.典型的，独特的，特有的 character n．(书写或印刷)文字，符号；人物；性格，特点 ‎17．novelist n．小说家 novel n．小说 ‎18．chapter n．(书的)章，篇，回；时期，时代 ‎19．criminal n．罪犯；adj.犯罪的，犯法的；刑法的，刑事的 crime n．罪，罪行 ‎20．twist n．转折，转变；转动；急转弯；vi.&vt.(使)弯曲；转动；蜿蜒 ‎21．plot n．故事情节；阴谋，密谋；vt.密谋；绘制(图表)‎ ‎22．rigid adj.死板的，僵化的，固执的；坚硬的，僵直的 ‎23．civil adj.有教养的，有礼貌的；国民的，平民的；民事的(非刑事的)‎ ‎24．millionaire n．百万富翁 ‎25．vice n．恶行，恶习，罪恶 ‎26．reform vt.&vi.&n.(使)改过自新，改造；改革，改良 ‎27．reunite vt.&vi.(使)重逢，再相聚；(使)再结合，再联合 unite vi.& vt.联合，团结；统一 ‎28．spit vt.&vi.吐唾沫(表示愤怒或鄙视)；吐，唾(唾沫、食物等)‎ ‎29．rag n．破布，破衣服；抹布 ‎30．holy adj.神圣的，圣洁的 ‎31．monument n．纪念碑；纪念馆；纪念塑像；古迹 ‎32．adore vt.热爱，喜爱，爱慕 ‎33．spring vi.突然出现；跳，蹦；n.春天，春季 语境活用　[用所给词的正确形式填空]‎ ‎1．Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too violent(violence) for use at the table.(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎2．A birdwatcher，armed with a telescope，found the pet sitting desperately(desperate) on a rock.(2015·陕西)‎ ‎3．She had a firm intention(intend) within herself to be the best she could be.(2016·天津)‎ ‎4．There has been a lot of resistance(resist) to this new law.‎ ‎5．These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime(criminal)．‎ ‎6．They teach their children rigidly(rigid)．‎ ‎7．His father threatened(threat) to beat the boy if he stole again.‎ ‎8．A rescuer(rescue) is feeding water to a victim child，who is rescued from destroyed ‎ buildings.‎ ‎9．Thank you for contributing generously(generous) to these funds.‎ ‎10．I dreamed of becoming a novelist(novel)．‎ ‎1．have nothing to do with与……无关 ‎2．come out出版，发行；结果为 ‎3．at a time一次 ‎4．be set in以……为背景 ‎5．be bent on(doing) sth.决心做某事(通常指坏事)‎ ‎6．on the run躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波 ‎7．live up to达到，符合(期望)‎ ‎8．worn out破烂不堪的，废旧的；筋疲力尽的 ‎9．come to one’s rescue救援某人，帮助某人 ‎10．touch on谈及，涉及 ‎11．be intended to be/do sth.目的是作为某物/目的是做某事 ‎12．divide...into...把……分成……‎ ‎13．compare...to...把……比作……‎ ‎14．in tune音调准确；演奏合调 语境活用　[运用上述短语完成片段]‎ Mr.White who is living in the countryside，is my uncle.When he was a child，he had a gift for music and always sang 1.in tune(音调准确)．But his family was poor and most of his clothes were 2.worn out(破烂不堪的)．So he couldn’t afford the fee and he dropped out of school.When 3.touching on(谈及) his dream，he said he would earn much money to build a school in the village.Now，he is always 4.on the run(忙碌)，calling on all the villagers to work together to build a school for the children.‎ ‎1．make＋宾语＋宾补 This makes them difficult for some people to read，so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.‎ 这使得一些人读起它们来很困难，因此它们经常被搁置在书架上，积满了灰尘。‎ 仿写　大雨使得我们无法出去。‎ The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.‎ ‎2．would rather do...than do...‎ Pip’s sister often abuses him，but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.‎ 皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个善良淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。‎ 仿写　我宁愿待在家里看点书，也不愿意和他们去购物。‎ I would rather do some reading at home than go shopping with them.‎ ‎3．副词放于句首，主语是代词时，不用倒装 Up it flew，higher and higher，until it was a small dot in the sky.‎ 它越飞越高，直到在空中变成一个小点。‎ 仿写　一听到这个消息他就跑出去了。‎ Out he rushed on hearing the news.‎ ‎ vain adj.虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的 ‎(1)I have tried very hard to find out a solution to the problem，but in vain.‎ 我尽力去找出解决问题的办法，结果却是白费工夫。‎ ‎(2)We tried in vain/tried vainly/made a vain attempt to make him change his mind.‎ 我们试图使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。‎ ‎(1)make a vain attempt/effort徒劳的尝试/努力 in vain 徒劳地；无意义地 try in vain to do sth.枉费心机地做某事 be vain of/about对……很自负 ‎(2)vainly adv.徒劳地 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.‎ ‎(2)She was vain of/about her good looks.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(3)他们抱怨是没有用的。‎ ‎①It was in vain for them to complain.(in vain)‎ ‎②They tried in vain to complain.(try in vain to do...)‎ ‎③They tried vainly to complain.(vainly)‎ ‎ resist vi.& vt.抵(反)抗，抵制 ‎(1)I was in their power，and I knew it was pointless to resist.‎ 我在他们的股掌之中，知道抗拒是毫无意义的。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)They will resist doing assignments that they find boring.‎ 他们拒绝做那些令人乏味的功课。‎ ‎(1)resist doing抵制做……‎ resist the temptation抵制诱惑 can’t resist doing...忍不住做……‎ ‎(2)resistant adj.抵抗的；抵制的；抗……的 ‎(3)resistance n．反对；抵抗 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)I couldn’t resist telling(tell) him the secret.‎ ‎(2)She resisted the temptation to tell him what she really thought.‎ ‎(3)Elderly people are not always resistant(resist) to change.‎ ‎(4)The demonstrators offered little or no resistance(resist) to the police.‎ ‎ intend vt.打算；计划；想要；意指 ‎(1)Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize.‎ 很多时候伤害你的人并不打算道歉。‎ ‎(2)This book is intended for children.‎ 这本书是供孩子们用的。‎ ‎(1)intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事 intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事 be intended for/to do...旨在，预定……用途；为……打算(或设计)的 had intended to do...(＝intended to have done...)本打算做……‎ intend that...(should) do打算……‎ ‎(2)intention n．意图；目的；打算 with the intention of抱有……目的 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Under no circumstances should it be intended for trading or investing purposes.‎ ‎(2)He intends to study/studying(study) abroad next year.‎ ‎(3)I intend you to come(come) with me.‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(4)They intended the plan to be put into practice within this year.(改为宾语从句)‎ They intended that the plan (should) be put into practice within this year.‎ ‎ be bent on (doing) sth.决心做某事；一心想做某事 ‎(1)They seemed bent on destroying his career.‎ 他们似乎一心想毁了他的事业。(朗文当代)‎ ‎(2)The reason why she is bent on becoming an actress is still unknown to us all.‎ 我们仍然不知道她一心想成为演员的原因。‎ 表示“决心要做某事，决定做某事”的其他表达方式：‎ decide to do sth.‎ make a decision to do sth.‎ make up one’s mind to do sth.‎ be determined to do sth.‎ ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(1)有一天，他做好充分准备后，决定参加一个工作面试。‎ One day，he gathered up all his strength and decided to/make a decision to/made up his mind to/was determined to attend a job interview.‎ ‎(2)乔伊斯一心想买一套新住房。‎ Joyce is bent on buying a new house.‎ ‎ live up to达到，符合期望；不辜负；遵守诺言 ‎(1)I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations.‎ 我确信我不会辜负你的期望。‎ ‎(2)For a whole week we had to live on fish and chips.‎ 整整一个星期，我们只得以炸鱼和薯条为主食。‎ ‎(3)Looking back，I don’t know how I lived through those years.‎ 回顾往事，我真不知道那些年是怎样过来的。‎ live with忍受，容忍；与……住在一起 live on...以……为主食；靠……为生；继续存在 live through经历(艰难或险境) live/lead a...life过着……的生活 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Stephen Chase had determined to live up to the expectations of the company.‎ ‎(2)I suggest all of us should smile every day，and live a happy life.‎ ‎(3)He lived through both world wars.‎ ‎(4)You might not like the situation，but you’ll have to learn to live with it.‎ ‎(5)He may be dead but his music lives on.‎ 写作能力提升——[完成句子]‎ ‎(6)我不能忍受他的无礼。‎ I can’t live with/stand/bear/put up with his rudeness.‎ ‎ desperate adj.不顾一切的；拼命的；绝望的 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Judging from what he said and did，we can conclude that he is desperate for fame.‎ ‎(2)After ten years of hard study，he is desperate to pass(pass) the College Entrance Examination.‎ ‎(3)He is desperate at the failure.‎ ‎(4)He desperately(desperate) saw her disappear into the crowd.‎ 名师点拨 be desperate for渴望得到……；be desperate to do...渴望做……。desperate表示“绝望的”时，因本身已含有very的意思，所以习惯上不再与very连用。‎ ‎ generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；宽厚的；仁慈的；丰富的 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)It’s very generous of you to help me.‎ ‎(2)He is generous to the poor.‎ ‎(3)She is generous in giving her time to help others.‎ ‎(4)The young man is generous with his money.‎ ‎(5)She was generous enough to overlook(overlook) my little mistake.‎ ‎ rescue v．& n．营救；拯救 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)All the visitors were rescued from the burning hostel and the two injured were saved by doctors from a nearby hospital.‎ ‎(2)After getting lost in a storm，a member of the navy team was rescued(rescue) four days later.‎ ‎(3)We were about to close down the business，but the bank came to our rescue with a huge loan.‎ 名师点拨 rescue sb./sth.from sth.从……中营救……‎ go/come to one’s rescue去/来救某人 rescue workers救援人员 ‎ reputation n．名誉，名声 ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(1)中国由于精心顺利地组织抗击流感而得到了很好的声誉。‎ China has got a good reputation for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.‎ ‎(2)这本书完全配得上他的声望。‎ The book is well worthy of his reputation.‎ ‎(3)他的作品不负盛名。‎ His works lived up to his reputation.‎ 名师点拨 have a reputation for以……闻名 live up to one’s reputation不负盛名 ‎ on the run在逃避，在逃亡；匆忙地，繁忙地 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Bigger changes are possible in the long run.‎ ‎(2)When the police arrived he made a run for the door.‎ ‎(3)I had to eat lunch on the run.‎ 名师点拨 in the long run从长远看 make a run for朝……跑去 ‎ This makes them difficult for some people to read，so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.‎ 这使得一些人读起它们来很困难，因此它们经常被搁置在书架上，积满了灰尘。‎ ‎(1)Her efforts made her a famous person.‎ 她的努力让她成为了一个著名的人。(2016·北京)‎ ‎(2)She made it her business to find out who was responsible.‎ 她一定要查清楚到底该谁负责。‎ ‎(1)该句型中，宾语补足语主要由名词、形容词、介词、不带to的不定式和过去分词等充当。make变为被动语态时，不定式作补足语要带to。‎ ‎(2)当宾语比较长时，常常用“make＋it＋宾补＋宾语”这一结构，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语或that引导的宾语从句。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)People in the west make it a rule to buy(buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.‎ ‎(2)My parents would like to make me study(study) 24 hours a day.‎ ‎(3)The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard(hear)．‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。‎ ‎①Mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the Internet more effectively.(不定式作宾语)‎ ‎②Mastering the technology makes it possible that we can use the Internet more effectively.(从句作宾语)‎ ‎ Pip’s sister often abuses him，but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.‎ 皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，但乔却是一个善良、淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。‎ ‎(1)I would rather stay at home than go out.‎ 我宁可待在家里，也不想出去。(英汉多功能词典)‎ ‎(2)In no country，other than Britain，it has been said，can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.‎ 据说除了英国，没有一个国家的人在一天中会体验四个季节。‎ ‎(3)The problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people.‎ 这个问题应该由政府处理而不是普通百姓。‎ ‎(1)would rather do...than do...宁愿……也不愿……‎ ‎(2)“would rather＋动词原形”是英语中常见的一个句式，意为“宁可……；宁愿……；最好……”。后接宾语从句时，从句谓语用虚拟语气：表示一个现在或将来的愿望，谓语用一般过去时；表示一个过去的愿望，谓语用过去完成时。‎ ‎(3)other than除了……，除……以外，常用于否定句中，相当于except，but等。‎ ‎(4)rather than宁可……也不……；而不是；与其……倒不如……，用于连接两个并列成分。‎ ‎(5)prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿……而不愿……‎ ‎(6)or rather更确切地说 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Rather than ride in a crowded bus in the morning，I always prefer to ride a bicycle.(ride)‎ ‎(2)I would rather you had told(told) me the truth yesterday.‎ ‎(3)What we expect from you is working hard rather than hardly working(work)．‎ ‎(4)Facing up to your problems rather than running(run) away from them is the best approach to working things out.‎ 写作能力提升——[完成句子]‎ ‎(5)I met him very late on Friday night，or rather(更确切地说)，early Saturday morning.‎ ‎(6) I would rather you came tomorrow(宁愿你明天来)．‎ ‎(7)She prefers to read(更喜欢阅读) rather than watch TV.‎ Ⅰ.教材与语法填空 As we all know，classics are the antiques of the 1.literary(literature) world.They are examples of great writing and wisdom，and even those written centuries ago can still 2.be found(find) in bookshops and libraries today.Even some films are based 3.on them.Charles Dickens is one of England’s greatest writers.Great Expectations is one of his famous 4.works(work)．The story begins when Pip is seven.‎ There is a twist in the plot 5.when a very generous stranger gives Pip a large fortune.Pip moves to London.Money and 6.education(educate) have changed him.He becomes vain and ashamed 7.of his background and even dislikes 8.it when Joe comes to visit him because he isn’t a gentleman.He wins Estella’s love.In the end，Pip has changed a lot.He learns 9.happiness(happy) and friends are 10.more important(important) than wealth.‎ Ⅱ.教材与短文改错 Robert Burns，Scotland’s supreme literary hero，was born in 1759.He had a reputation of being funny and pleasant to be around.Therefore，he came from a poor family with much debts，and did not ever make a lot of money.After his first book of poetry published，Burns became famous nationwide.Then he moved to Edinburgh，but was not any richer but had to earn his income by farming.A hard life and weak health ‎ made Robert Burns’s life short.He died at an age of 37 in 1796.Afterwards many people had donated money to support her widow and children.In 1877，a monument in honour of Burns was showing to the public in George Square.The day was declared a holiday and about 30,000 people came out to watch.The house that Burns was born is now a museum of his life and work.‎ 答案 Robert Burns，Scotland’s supreme literary hero，was born in 1759.He had a reputation being funny and pleasant to be around.，he came from a poor family with debts，and did not ever make a lot of money.After his first book of poetry published，Burns became famous nationwide.Then he moved to Edinburgh，but was not any richer had to earn his income by farming.A hard life and weak health made Robert Burns’s life short.He died at age of 37 in 1796.Afterwards many people had donated money to support widow and children.In 1877，a monument in honour of Burns was to the public in George Square.The day was declared a holiday and about 30,000 people came out to watch.The house Burns was born is now a museum of his life and work.‎ Ⅲ.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于文学作品)‎ ‎1．这位小说家写了很多小说和诗歌。‎ ‎2．在他的作品中，他呼吁人们加强团结，抵制暴力，对他人慷慨，对未来不要绝望。‎ ‎3．他的作品给人们全新的感受。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。‎ 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ The novelist wrote a lot of fictions and poetry.In his works，he appealed to the people to strengthen unity，resist violence，be generous to others and not to be desperate for the future.His works gave people a brand new feeling.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating(eat) cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress.‎ ‎2．The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty，surrounded by criminals(crime) and violence(violent)，had written a new chapter in the history of sports.(2016·江苏)‎ ‎3．He intends that the plan should be put(put) into practice within a year.‎ ‎4．Now，electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue(rescue) these big birds.(2016·北京)‎ ‎5．Compared(compare) to the traditional ones，the magic shoes have three new unique functions.(2014·湖南)‎ ‎6．The journey was intended to achieve(achieve) more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎7．He got killed(kill) when he was crossing the road.‎ ‎8．In college, his parents pressured him to live up to all of their expectations.‎ ‎9．New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt.(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎10．I make it a rule to take a short walk after lunch.‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 ‎(2017·广东佛山一中月考)‎ A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes，as a rule，to have it retold in almost the same words，but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts.It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book，and，if a parent can produce what，in the actual situation of the time and the child，is an improvement on the printed text，so much the better.‎ A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking.To prove the latter，one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not.As to fears，there are，I think，some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story.Often，however，this arises from the child having heard the story once.Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.‎ There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true，that giants，witches，twoheaded dragons，magic carpets，etc.do not exist; and that，instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales，the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history.I find such people，I must say so peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them.If their cases were sound，the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girlfriend.‎ No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.‎ 语篇解读　‎ 本文主要讲述了有些人不喜欢童话的原因：一方面，有些童话令孩子们害怕；另一方面，童话脱离了现实。‎ ‎11．The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is .‎ A．repeated without any change B．treated as a joke C．made some changes by the parent D．set in the present 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“...if a parent can produce what，in the actual situation of the time and the child，is an improvement on the printed text，so much the better.”可知，如果家长能够做出适当改进，那么讲故事的效率会更高。故选C。‎ ‎12．According to the passage，great fear can take place in a child when the story is .‎ A．in a realistic setting B．heard for the first time C．repeated too often D．told in a different way 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四句“...children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story...arises from the child having heard the story once.”可知，孩子们第一次听童话故事的时候会非常害怕，故选B。‎ ‎13．The advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it .‎ A．makes them less fearful B．develops their power of memory C．makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of ‎ D．encourages them not to have strange beliefs 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.”可知，如果孩子反复听一个童话故事，那么会让他们减少恐惧。故选A。‎ ‎14．One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that .‎ A．they are full of absurd imagination ‎ B．they just make up the stories which are far from the truth C．they are not interesting D．they make teachers of history difficult to teach 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。结合全文可知，一些人不赞成童话故事的原因在于童话故事编了一些远离事实的故事，故选B。‎ Ⅲ.七选五 ‎(2017·安徽马鞍山二十二中月考)‎ It’s normal to wake briefly during the night. 15 But if you’re waking up during the night and having trouble falling back asleep，the following tips may help.‎ Stay out of your head.The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep，so remain in bed in a relaxed position.Hard as it may be，try not to stress over the fact that you’re awake，because that very stress and anxiety ‎ encourage your body to stay awake. 16 ‎ ‎ 17 If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep，try a relaxation technique such as visualization(想象)，deep breathing，or meditation，which can be done without even getting out of bed.Remind yourself that although they’re not a replacement for sleep，rest and relaxation still help refresh your body.‎ Do a quiet，nonstimulating activity.If you’ve been awake for more than 15 minutes，try getting out of bed and doing a quiet，nonstimulating activity，such as reading a book.Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it’s time to wake up. 18 A light snack might help relax you，but be careful not to eat so much that your body begins to expect a meal at that time of the day.‎ ‎ 19 If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something，make a brief note of it on paper and postpone worrying about it until the next day when you are fresh and it will be easier to resolve.‎ A．Make relaxation your goal，not sleep.‎ B．Put off worries and troubles.‎ C．Use a flashlight to go to the bathroom at night.‎ D．In fact，a good sleeper won’t even remember it.‎ E．Also avoid screens of any kind—computers，TVs，cell phones，iPads.‎ F．You’ll be much more productive and creative after a good night’s rest.‎ G．A good way to stay out of your head is to focus on the feeling in your body.‎ 语篇解读　本文介绍了睡眠过程中会突然醒过来，如果此后长时间睡不着可以采取的一些措施。‎ ‎15．答案　D 解析　从前面的句子“It’s normal to wake briefly during the night.(晚上偶尔醒了是正常的)”以及下文“But if...back asleep...”可知“有的睡眠好的人甚至不记得了”承上启下。选D。‎ ‎16．答案　G 解析　从段首的句子“Stay out of your head.The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep，so remain in bed in a relaxed position.”可知要想重新入睡最好的办法是专注于身体的感受。选G。‎ ‎17．答案　A 解析　从后面的句子“If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep，try a relaxation technique such as visualization(想象)．..”可知本段主要讲的是要尽量放松。选A。‎ ‎18．答案　E 解析　从前面的句子“Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it’s time to wake up.”可知一切有屏幕的东西都要避免。选E。‎ ‎19．答案　B 解析　从前面的句子“If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something，make a brief note of it on paper and postpone worrying about it until the next day...”可知本段主要讲的是把担心推迟到第二天。选B。‎ Ⅳ.完形填空 ‎(2016·湖北天门调研)‎ Sometimes the people who are noticed the least can do the most to lift us up.On Thanksgiving 20 I took part in a local running activity.It was barely above freezing that morning so every runner was walking or jumping around trying to stay 21 .‎ On the side of the road was a(n) 22 man and as usual，most people pretended ‎ not to 23 him.I went over and talked with him for a few minutes 24 the race.He told me that he was a veteran(老兵) and had hoped he might be able to do some work to 25 a few dollars for a Thanksgiving dinner.‎ It was time for the race so I told him I’d like to talk to him 26 .I thought about this man during most of the 27 .He hadn’t asked me for anything， 28 I wanted to do something for him.However，I only had a couple of dollars，certainly not 29 for a Thanksgiving dinner for the man.‎ After the race I went back and talked to him，which got me several 30 looks from other runners.During our conversation I offered him the 31 I had.He didn’t want to accept it but I 32 .Then he said something that I didn’t 33 .He said，“This has been so nice.Thank you.I haven’t really 34 anybody in a real long time.” ‎ ‎“Wow，” I thought.“This man is 35 me for just talking to him.”After I said goodbye，I asked other 36 if they had a couple of dollars for a homeless veteran who just 37 to buy a hot Thanksgiving dinner.I think he ended up getting enough for a good 38 that night.From him，I learned how to smile through the rough times and I was 39 not to take for granted the many blessings I have.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在感恩节那天帮助一位无家可归的老兵筹集到足够的钱买一份节日晚餐。作者从这位老兵身上学习到了如何笑对苦难，并且意识到不要把自己所拥有的幸福当成理所当然的事。‎ ‎20．A.morning B．noon C．afternoon D．evening 答案　A 解析　下句中的that morning提示了本题答案。‎ ‎21．A.active B．calm C．healthy D．warm 答案　D 解析　根据本句中的“It was barely above freezing...”可知，当时气温很低，所以参加跑步的人走来走去或者跳来跳去都是为了保“暖(warm)”。‎ ‎22．A.old B．ugly C．homeless D．hopeless 答案　C 解析　最后一段中的a homeless veteran提示了本题答案。‎ ‎23．A.recognize B．see C．find D．observe ‎ 答案　B 解析　人们通常都假装没有“看见(see)”这些无家可归的人。‎ ‎24．A.before B．after C．about D．despite 答案　A 解析　根据下段中的“It was time for the race...”可知，作者在开跑“前(before)”跟那位老兵聊了几分钟。‎ ‎25．A.borrow B．earn C．spare D．raise 答案　B 解析　根据上文中的“do some work...”可推测，这位老兵希望通过自己的劳动能“挣(earn)”一些钱来买一份感恩节晚餐。‎ ‎26．A.at last B．as usual C．for ever D．once again 答案　D 解析　根据下段中的“After the race I went back and talked to him...”可知，作者跑完步以后还想跟那位老兵“再(once again)”谈谈。‎ ‎27．A.practice B．conversation C．race D．work 答案　C 解析　根据本段开头的“It was time for the race...”可知，在“跑步(race)”的大部分时间里，作者都在想那位老兵。‎ ‎28．A.so B．or C．and D．but ‎ 答案　D 解析　“他什么都没跟我要”和“我想为他做什么”之间是转折关系，故选but。‎ ‎29．A.normal B．enough C．necessary D．suitable 答案　B 解析　根据本句开头的However可推测，作者身上只带着几元钱，肯定不“够(enough)”买份感恩节晚餐。‎ ‎30．A.anxious B．strange C．guilty D．serious 答案　B 解析　大家都忽视这位无家可归的老兵，作者却再次跟他坐在一起聊天，因此其他参加跑步的人都用“奇怪的(strange)”眼神看着作者。‎ ‎31．A.gift B．opportunity C．cash D．suggestion ‎ 答案　C 解析　根据上段中的a couple of dollars可推测，这里是指作者给那位老兵“现金(cash)”。‎ ‎32．A.insisted B．agreed C．hesitated D．regretted 答案　A 解析　根据but可知，老兵拒绝要作者的钱，但是作者“坚持(insist)”要给。‎ ‎33．A.doubt B．expect C．admit D．allow 答案　B 解析　根据下段中的“‘Wow，’ I thought...”可推测，老兵说了一些作者没有“预料到(expect)”的话。‎ ‎34．A.talked to B．cared about C．turned to D．worried about 答案　A 解析　根据下段中的for just talking to ‎ him可知，老兵已经很久没有真正地跟别人“交谈(talk to)”过了。‎ ‎35．A.punishing B．forgiving C．thanking D．blaming 答案　C 解析　上段中的Thank you提示了本题答案。‎ ‎36．A.organizers B．walkers C．jumpers D．runners ‎ 答案　D 解析　根据上文中的a local running activity及other runners可知，作者问其他“参加跑步的人(runners)”能否给那位无家可归的老兵一些钱。‎ ‎37．A.wanted B．decided C．stopped D．remembered 答案　A 解析　根据第二段中的“...had hoped ...for a Thanksgiving dinner.”可知，那位老兵“想要(wanted)”买一份热乎乎的感恩节晚餐。‎ ‎38．A.present B．dinner C．sleep D．rest 答案　B 解析　文中多处出现的a Thanksgiving dinner提示了本题答案。‎ ‎39．A.demanded B．encouraged C．reminded D．persuaded 答案　C 解析　作者从老兵身上学习到了如何笑对苦难，并且“意识到(remind)”不要把自己所拥有的幸福当成理所当然的事。‎ 话题词汇 ‎1．poetry n．诗歌 ‎2．poet n．诗人 ‎3．rhyme n．韵脚；押韵 ‎4．transform v．转化；改造 ‎5．appropriate adj.适当的；正当的 ‎6．be popular with受……欢迎 ‎7．take one’s advice接受某人的建议 ‎8．be made up of由……构成 ‎9．give sb.a deep impression给某人一个深刻的印象 ‎10．translate...into...把……翻译成……‎ 话题佳作 Wendy是你的美国笔友，非常喜欢中国文化，故给你(张伟)写信想了解唐诗。请你根据下列要点提示给她写一封回信，对唐诗加以介绍：‎ ‎1．形式多样：有古体诗和近体诗。就字数来看基本上有五言和七言两种。‎ ‎2．题材广泛：反映社会状况，描绘风景等。‎ ‎3．著名诗人：……‎ 佳作欣赏 Dear Wendy，‎ I’m so glad to receive your letter.And it is really a coincidence that you asked me about the Tang poems，and I just have learnt something about them.‎ The Tang poems are various in forms and subjects.Generally speaking，they can be divided into two groups—classical poems and modern poems.Not only the length of a line but also the length of a poem is limited to a certain number of words.There are often four or eight or twelve lines with five or seven words in each line.Poets wrote poems for different purposes，for example，exposing the darkness of the society and describing the beautiful scenes.‎ There were many famous poets during the Tang Dynasty，such as Li Bai，Du Fu and Bai Juyi.If you want to read more，the book 300 Tang Poems is a good choice，which includes poems of many wellknown poets.After reading them，you will have a better understanding of the Tang poems.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Zhang Wei 名师点睛 本文符合题目要求，条理清楚，增加的细节恰到好处，句子结构把握准确，较好地运用了各种句式，如主语从句、状语从句、定语从句等，generally speaking，not only...but also...，be limited to，such as等关联词组和高级词汇的运用使文章表达更加流畅。‎ 单元综合知识运用 单元语法专题：构词法 一、名词变成形容词 后缀 例词 ‎able/ible ‎(能够)‎ valuable有价值的，responsible有责任的 ‎ish(稍/略……，似……的，……国家的)‎ selfish自私的，childish孩子气的，British英国的 ‎al ‎(……的)‎ natural自然界的，cultural文化的 ‎(a)n/ian/ese ‎(人的，地方的)‎ American美国(人)的，Russian俄国(人)的；Chinese中国(人)的 ‎less(无，不)‎ careless粗心的，useless无用的 ‎en(由……制成的)‎ wooden木制的，woolen羊毛制的 ‎ly(像……的)‎ friendly友好的，manly有男人气概的，lovely可爱的 ‎ern(表方向)‎ northern北方的，southern南方的 ‎ous(有……性质的)‎ nervous紧张的，dangerous危险的，ambitious有雄心的 ‎ful(充满……的)‎ useful有用的，helpful有帮助的 ‎ic/ical(有……性质的)‎ economic经济的，political政治的 ‎y(有……性质的)‎ noisy噪音的，snowy下雪的，dirty脏的，thirsty口渴的 二、动词变成形容词 后缀 例词 ‎ous continuous持续的，various各种各样的 ‎able acceptable可接受的，eatable可食用的 ‎ed/ing interested感兴趣的，interesting有趣的 ‎ive(有……‎ 倾向的)‎ attractive有吸引力的，creative创造性的 不规则动词 broken(break)破碎的，lost(lose)丢失的，迷失的 三、动词变成名词 后缀 例词 ‎ance acceptance接受，appearance出现，disappearance消失，entrance入口 ‎ence difference差别，dependence依赖，existence存在，preference偏爱，reference参考 ‎al arrival到达，denial否认，survival幸存，refusal拒绝 ‎ar beggar乞丐，liar撒谎者 ‎ion examination检查，imagination想象力，education教育，decision决定 ‎ment achievement成就，agreement同意，argument争论，development发展，encouragement鼓励 ‎er teacher教师，worker工人，waiter男侍者 ‎(r)ess actress女演员，hostess女主人，waitress女侍者 ‎or operator接线员，conductor售票员，visitor游客，actor男演员 四、形容词变成副词 后缀 例词 直接加ly careful小心的→carefully小心地 改y为ily happy幸福的→happily幸福地 以e结尾的形容词通常直接加ly immediate立即的→immediately立即地 去e加ly(这种情况少见)‎ true确实的→truly确实地 注：形容词加ly构成的副词与该形容词意义相同。‎ 五、形容词变成名词 后缀 例词 ‎ness illness疾病，sickness疾病，carefulness细心，happiness幸福 ‎y/ity difficulty困难，possibility可能性，ability能力，activity活动 ‎ism socialism社会主义，realism现实主义 六、形容词变成动词 后缀 例词 ‎en widen使加宽，shorten使缩短，soften使软化，sharpen使锋利 ‎ize civilize使开化，modernize使现代化 ‎ify/fy simplify使简化，beautify使美化 前缀 例词 en‎ enable使能够，enrich使富有，enlarge扩大 七、名词变成名词(人)‎ 后缀 例词 ‎er farmer农场主，villager村民，geographer地理学者 ‎ese Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人 ‎ian/(a)n musician音乐家，physician内科医生，Russian俄罗斯人，African非洲人，American美国人 ‎ist scientist科学家，physicist物理学家，socialist社会主义者，biologist生物学家 八、不改变词性的前缀 前缀 例词 in(不，非)‎ invisible看不见的，incomplete不完整的，incorrect不正确的 il(不，非)‎ illegal违法的，illogical不符合逻辑的 im(不，非)‎ imperfect不完美的，immoral不道德的，impolite不礼貌的，impossible不可能的 ir(不，非)‎ irregular不规则的，irresponsible不负责任的 un(不，非)‎ unfair不公平的，unhealthy不健康的，unlucky不幸的，unfortunate不幸的，unable不能的，unimportant不重要的，undress给(某人)脱衣服，unload卸货 non‎ ‎(无，没有)‎ nonsense胡说，废话，noneffective无效的，nonexistent不存在的 dis(不，无)‎ disagree不同意，disadvantage劣势，dissatisfy使不满意，dishonest不诚实的，dislike不喜欢 a(在……‎ 上/里/前)‎ aboard在轮船/火车/飞机上，ahead在前面 mis(误解)‎ mislead误导，misunderstand误解，mistake误认为 inter‎ ‎(相互，之间)‎ international国际的，interact相互作用，Internet因特网 kilo(千)‎ kilometer千米，公里，kilogram千克，公斤 multi‎ ‎(多，多种)‎ multinational多国的，multicolored多种颜色的 re‎ ‎(重复，再)‎ retell复述，rewrite重写，remarry再婚，rebuild重建 super(在 supermarket超市，supermodel超级模特儿，superman超人 上面，超级)‎ semi(半)‎ semifinal半决赛，semicircle半圆 tele(远)‎ telephone电话，television电视 under ‎(在……下)‎ underestimate低估，underground地下的 注：1.前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性，但courage (n.)勇气—discourage(vt.)使泄气，large(adj.)大的—enlarge(vt.)扩大，danger(n.)危险—endanger(vt.)危及。2.后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义，但leader(n.)领导—leadership(n.)领导阶层/关系，friend (n.)朋友—friendship(n.)友谊 单元写作专题 第1讲　短小精悍的简单句(1)‎ 一、S＋V句型(主语＋谓语动词)‎ 在这个结构中，动词通常是不及物动词，没有宾语，但可以有副词作状语。这个结构常用于记叙事件活动。‎ ‎(1)It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks.‎ 它将于6月15号开始并持续3周。(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎(2)Hard work pays off.‎ 功夫不负有心人。(2015·福建)‎ ‎(3)With my special care，my mother recovered quickly.‎ 在我的悉心照顾下，我妈妈很快恢复了健康。(2013·北京)‎ 二、S＋V＋O句型(主语＋谓语动词＋宾语)‎ 在这个结构中，动词是及物动词；充当宾语的通常是名词(动名词)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、v.ing结构及名词性从句等。‎ ‎(1)Every coin has two sides.‎ 任何事情都有两面性/凡事有利弊。(2015·湖南)‎ ‎(2)At last they made great progress.‎ 最后他们取得了很大进步。(2015·广东)‎ ‎(3)The students often broke the school rules.‎ 学生们经常违反校规。(2015·广东)‎ 三、S＋V＋P(主语＋连系动词＋表语)‎ 在这个结构中，谓语动词需用系动词；表语多为形容词，也可为名词、代词、副词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词及名词性从句等。‎ ‎1．介绍人物(主系表结构后常跟非限制性定语从句或同位语作补充说明)。‎ ‎(1)Sally was a successful teacher，who taught some naughty students.‎ 萨莉是一个成功的老师，她教过一些淘气的学生。(2015·广东)‎ ‎(2)I’m Li Jin，Chairman of the Student Union in Chenguang Middle School.‎ 我是李津，晨光中学学生会主席。(2015·天津)‎ ‎2．介绍事物 ‎(1)Summer is my favorite season of the year.‎ 夏季是我一年中最喜欢的季节。(2016·四川)‎ ‎(2)This is a wellknown story from an ancient Chinese idiom.‎ 这是一个源于中国古代成语的著名故事。(2015·福建)‎ ‎3．描写心情 Tired as I was，I never felt so happy.‎ 尽管累了，但我从没这么开心过。(2013·陕西)‎ ‎4．描写天气 It was a nice day.‎ 这是美好的一天。(2013·江西)‎ ‎5．分析论述 ‎(1)The reasons are as follows.‎ 原因如下。(2016·四川)‎ ‎(2)Here are three useful tips：‎ 这里有三个有用的建议：(2014·安徽)‎ ‎(3)Developing a good habit is also of importance.‎ 养成一个好习惯也很重要。(2014·江西)‎ ‎6．谚语格言 An inch of time is worth an inch of gold.‎ 一寸光阴一寸金。(2015·广东)‎ 即时训练 用简单句翻译下列句子 ‎1．我是3年级2班的学生李华。(2015·陕西)‎ I’m Li Hua，a student from Class 2，Grade 3.‎ ‎2．表演将于今天下午两点在“学生中心”开始。(2014·陕西)‎ The show will begin at two o’clock this afternoon at the Student Centre.‎ ‎3．他接受了我们的建议。(2014·北京)‎ He accepted our suggestions.‎ ‎4．这个项目的目的是培养我们的英语学习兴趣和听说实际能力。(2014·陕西)‎ The purpose of this programme is to develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and speaking.‎ ‎5．上午八点，我们在大青山山脚下集合。(2013·江西)‎ At 8：00 a．m.，we gathered at the foot of Daqing Mountain.‎ 第2讲　短小精悍的简单句(2)‎ 四、S＋V＋Oi＋Od(主语＋谓语动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)‎ 在这个结构中，及物动词接两个宾语，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。当把直接宾语放到间接宾语之前时，间接宾语前应加适当的介词。‎ ‎(1)First，I will tell them the disadvantages of playing computer games and cheating in the exams.‎ 首先，我会告诉他们玩电脑游戏和考试作弊的坏处。(2015·广东)‎ ‎(2)When the craftsman came into the classroom，we gave him a warm welcome.‎ 当工匠走进教室时，我们给他以热情的欢迎。(2015·北京)‎ ‎(3)First，he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.‎ 首先，他向我们演示了做面人的基本步骤和技巧。(2015·北京)‎ ‎(4)My mother gave a hug to me and I could see satisfaction in her eyes.‎ 我的妈妈拥抱了我，我在她眼中能看到满足。(2013·陕西)‎ 五、S＋V＋O＋C (主语＋谓语动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语)‎ 在这个结构中，及物动词后面接宾语和宾语补足语。充当补语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)等。‎ ‎(1)I sincerely wish you a pleasant trip back to your country.‎ 衷心的祝愿你归国旅途愉快。(2016·天津)‎ ‎(2)The Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient，regardless of time and space.‎ 网络使得调查和投票容易而且方便，无论何时何地。(2016·江苏)‎ ‎(3)In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.‎ 在图画中，我们可以看到一个男孩穿着破衣服，坐在一张破旧的木桌旁，桌子上有一摞书。(2015·福建)‎ ‎(4)I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.‎ 我想请你为我们学校的英语报写一篇文章。(2015·全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎(5)Our good learning habits will make us study more easily and efficiently and absorb knowledge completely.‎ 良好的学习习惯会使我们学习起来更加轻松有效，而且完全吸收知识。(2013·四川)‎ 六、There be句型 在这个结构中，there be后的名词是主语，be的形式应和第一个名词保持一致。这一结构的其他时态形式：there was/were；there will be；there is/are going to be；there has/have been；there must have been；there must/may be等，它的变式句型有：There happen(s)/seem(s)/appear(s) to be...等。‎ ‎(1)There is plenty of fun for teenagers in summer，including going camping，going to the beach，going swimming at public pools and travelling locally with friends.‎ 在夏季，青少年有很多趣事，包括宿营，去海滨，在公共泳池游泳，还有与朋友在当地游玩。(2016·四川)‎ ‎(2)There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school.‎ 我们学校的自行车停车处有个问题。(2014·北京)‎ ‎(3)Would there be host family or university dormitory?‎ 会有寄宿家庭或者学生宿舍吗？(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎(4)My favorite proverb is “Where there’s a will，there’s a way.”‎ 我最喜欢的格言是“有志者事竟成”。(2014·山东)‎ ‎(5)There will be many challenges ahead，but I have confidence that I’ll take on the burden.‎ 前方有很多挑战，但是我有信心能担负重任。(2013·天津)‎ 即时训练 用简单句翻译下列句子 ‎1．我会告诉他们学习的重要性。(2015·广东)‎ I will tell them the importance of studying.‎ ‎2．我们学校将给你们班捐赠500册不同的宝贵书籍。(2015·天津)‎ Our school will donate 500 copies of different valuable books to your class.‎ ‎3．我帮助他们理解中国文化中最好的部分。(2013·浙江)‎ I help them understand the best part of Chinese culture.‎ ‎4．从图片中我们可以看到一家三口走在一个很长的红地毯上。(2013·福建)‎ From the picture we can see a family of three walking on a long red carpet.‎ ‎5．一个人的梦想和现实通常存在差别。(2013·北京)‎ There is usually a difference between one’s dream and reality.‎ 第3讲　整齐有序的并列句 由两个或两个以上不分主次、相互独立的简单句构成的句子叫并列句。并列句通过并列连词、连接副词和分号三种方式连接起来。‎ ‎1．表并列关系： and(和)，not only...but (also)．..(不但……而且……)，not...but...(不是……而是……)，neither...nor...(既不……也不……)，on (the) one hand...on the other (hand)．..(一方面……另一方面……)，when(这时突然)等。‎ ‎(1)In my opinion，everyone here is a member of our big family and we learn a lot from each other.‎ 就我而言，每一个在这里的人都是我们大家庭里的一员并且我们彼此学到了很多。(2016·天津)‎ ‎(2)The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack.It not only affects our everyday life，but may also threaten people’s lives.‎ 交通问题很难解决。它不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且威胁人们的生命安全。(2015·江苏)‎ ‎(3)Not only are books shared but also it can build up a bridge connecting readers from different parts of the world as well.‎ 书籍不仅被分享而且它还能建立一个联系世界各地读者的桥梁。(2015·重庆)‎ ‎(4)I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car，which drove off quickly.‎ 我正在去书店的路上，在一个十字路口等绿灯时，突然一个大约十岁的女孩被一辆过往的汽车撞倒，肇事车辆快速逃逸了。(2014·湖北)‎ ‎(5)In my opinion，the son refuses to communicate with his mother not because he has ‎ no time but because he’s unwilling to.‎ 我认为，儿子拒绝与他的母亲交流不是因为他没时间而是因为他不愿意。(2013·重庆)‎ ‎2．表转折关系：but(但是)，however(然而)，while(然而)，still(仍然)，yet(然而)等。‎ ‎(1)It is beneficial to some people，while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.‎ 它对一些人有益，却使其他人对是否投票处于两难境地。(2016·江苏)‎ ‎(2)She herself lived a simple or rather poor life but she was so generous to the people in need of help.‎ 她自己过着简朴的生活但对需要帮助的人如此慷慨。(2014·广东)‎ ‎(3)To be honest，in spite of my good preparation，I felt a little nervous when I was entering the exam room.However，I soon adjusted my mind of state and answered the questions calmly and carefully.‎ 说实话，尽管我准备充分，但进入考场时还是感到有点紧张。然而，我很快调整状态，冷静细心地回答问题。(2014·四川)‎ ‎3．表选择关系：or(或者)，either...or...(或者……或者……)，not...but...(不是……而是……)，or else(否则)等。‎ Take the chance，or else you will regret it.‎ 抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。‎ ‎4．表因果关系：for(因为)，so(所以)，therefore(因此)等。‎ I’d better take an umbrella，for it is going to rain.‎ 我最好带把伞，因为天快要下雨了。‎ 即时训练 用恰当的连接词翻译下列句子 ‎1．我是一个中国学生，我计划假期到英国去参加一个暑期学校。我已经看了你们的广告，我想知道更多关于你们的六周英语课程的情况。(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)‎ I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.I’ve seen your ad，and I’d like to know something more about your sixweek English course.‎ ‎2．虽然她是一个普通妇女但是确实值得尊敬。(2014·广东)‎ She is an ordinary woman but she is really worth respecting.‎ ‎3．一些人支持而其他人不然。(2014·江苏)‎ Some people support it while others do not.‎ ‎4．我正要放弃，这时爸爸过来鼓励我继续前行。(2014·福建)‎ I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.‎ ‎5．一方面，它们有助于我提高写作技巧、拓宽视野；另一方面，还能丰富我的生活并能给我带来巨大的乐趣。(2012·江西)‎ For one thing，they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons.For another，they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun./Not only can they help to improve my writing skills and broaden my horizons but they also can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.‎ 单元综合知识测试 Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．All the historic sites within the range of Three Gorges Reservoir have ‎ been________to some new locations high above.‎ A．transformed B．transmitted C．transferred D．transported 答案　C　[考查动词词义辨析。transform(使)改变，变形；transmit传输，传播；transfer转移；调动；transport传送，运输，流放。句意：三峡库区内所有的历史遗址都已经搬迁到更高的新的位置。故C项符合句意。]‎ ‎2．Children________react against their parents by going against their wishes.‎ A．cater to B．point to C．take to D．tend to 答案　D　[句意：儿童易于通过违背父母的愿望来与父母作对。tend to“趋向，倾向”，符合句意。cater to迎合……的口味；point to指向；take to开始喜欢。]‎ ‎3．He was robbed last night，but________he didn’t have much money on him then.‎ A．fortunately B．eventually C．certainly D．surprisingly 答案　A　[考查副词词义辨析。句意：昨晚他被抢劫了，但幸运的是，当时他身上带的钱不多。fortunately幸运地；eventually最终地；certainly当然；surprisingly令人吃惊地。故A项符合句意。]‎ ‎4．She has already begun to establish a reputation ________a writer.‎ ‎ A．/ B．as C．for D．of 答案　B　[reputation as后多接职业名称，指获得荣誉。句意：她早已确立了作为一名作家的荣誉。]‎ ‎5．I'm ________him for what he has done for me.‎ ‎ A．in debt B．in debt to ‎ C．owing to D．owed to ‎ 答案　B　[in debt(to)欠情；感激。]‎ ‎6．The boys adore their mothers.Which of the following can't replace the word“adore”？‎ ‎ A．love B．are devoted to ‎ C．are keen on D．enjoy ‎ 答案　D　[love，are devoted to，are keen on都与原句中的adore有相近的意思。]‎ ‎7．It has been revealed that some government leaders ________their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.‎ ‎ A．employ B．take C．abuse D．overlook 答案　C　[abuse滥用，妄用(权力等)；(不当地)使用。句意：一些政府领导被揭露滥用职权，非法牟利。employ雇用，使用；take拿，取；overlook俯瞰，眺望；忽略。]‎ ‎8．So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.‎ ‎ A．did the attack B．the attack did ‎ C．was the attack D．the attack was 答案　C　[句意：袭击是如此突然以致于敌人根本没有时间逃跑。so...that...引导结果状语从句，so引导的部分提前到句首时，主句要用部分倒装；the attack是句子的主语，形容词sudden是表语，故谓语动词用was，答案选C。]‎ ‎9．The play is OK.When do you intend ________at the theatre?‎ ‎ A．to put it on B．to put on it ‎ C．puts it on D．to putting it on 答案　A　[intend后可跟不定式或动名词，故排除C、D两项；put on的宾语如是代词，要将宾语放在put on之间。]‎ ‎10．My brother would like to buy a good watch but ____was available from that shop.‎ A．nothing B．none C．no one D．neither 答案　B　[考查代词。句意：我兄弟想买一块好表，但那家商店没有一个可买的。nothing没有什么。none没有一个，指三个以上；no one只指人不指物；neither两者都不，一个也不。B项符合句意。]‎ ‎11．It is quite________of beginners to forget to use an article before noun.‎ A．ordinary B usual C．typical D．general 答案　C　[句意：名词前忘记用冠词的现象是初学者的特点。typical“典型的”，符合句意。ordinary平凡的；usual通常的；general总的，一般的。]‎ ‎12．The girl cried because she ________the elevator.‎ ‎ A．has trapped in B．had trapped by ‎ C．was trapped with D．was trapped in ‎ 答案　D　[be trapped in困在……中。]‎ ‎13．He would rather _____lectures to the students than _____to different boring conferences.‎ ‎ A．to give；be invited B．give；be invited ‎ C．giving；be invited D．giving；being invited ‎ 答案　B　[would rather后跟动词原形，than后与前面为平行结构。]‎ ‎14．No one really knows for sure ________makes a person become righthanded rather than lefthanded.‎ ‎ A．whatever B．who C．what D．whoever 答案　C　[know后所跟的是宾语从句。句意：没人能确切地知道是什么使一个人用右手而不用左手。what什么，作从句主语。whatever无论什么；who谁；whoever无论谁，不符合句意。]‎ ‎15．—I'm sorry I didn't make it to your party last night.‎ ‎ —________.I know you're busy these days.‎ ‎ A．Of course B．No kidding ‎ C．That's all right D．Don't mention it 答案　C　[句意：——对不起，我昨晚没能去参加你的聚会。——________，我知道你最近忙。对于对方的道歉，应表示“没关系”，所以C项正确。Of course.当然(可以)；No kidding.不开玩笑；That's all right.没关系；别客气；Don't mention it.不用谢，不客气。]‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 When you're surfing the Internet on your laptop from your dorm or home，do you know your personal details are being gathered secretly？And would you be surprised to know the information may be sold cheaply to advertisers and marketers?‎ According to an investigation by The Wall Street Journal，all it takes is a tiny file in a computer－a single code consisting of a long series of numbers and letters－to record the computer user's age，gender，location，favorite movies and hobbies.‎ The newspaper reports that Lotame Solutions Inc.，a New York company，uses a ‎ sophisticated (先进的) software.called “beacon”to capture what people are typing on a website.‎ Lotame packages that data into profiles (个人资料) about individuals，only without their names，and sells the profiles to companies seeking customers.Batches of such data may be sold for a few dollars.‎ The Wall Street Journal survey discovered that spying on Internet users is one of the fastestgrowing businesses on the World Wide Web.‎ The “cookie”－a tiny text file put on your PC by websites or marketing firms which might be used to remember your preferences for one site，or to track you across many sites is already old news.There are new and more complex tools such as “beacons”which scan in real time what people are doing on a webpage.These beacons instantly assess the Internet user's location，income，shopping interests and even medical conditions.‎ Millions of Internet users around the world also face unprecedented (空前的) threats.Private，sensitive，personal and business information is being gathered and sold without their knowledge.‎ Companies insist the information they gather is anonymous and the data is used harmlessly.But the technology has grown so powerful that even some of the biggest websites in the US don't know that they were installing intrusive files on visitors' computers.These include MSN.com and Yahoo.com.‎ Next time you visit a webpage and find an ad banner advertising something you've been planning to buy，don't be amazed that your computer can read your mind.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　经常上网的人可能都遇到过这样的情况：浏览网页(surfing the Internet)时总是跳出一些广告，内容还都是你最近想买的商品。别误会，你的电脑还没智能到读懂你的想法——是你的个人隐私被出卖啦！赶快来看看是怎么一回事吧！‎ ‎1．The purpose of the passage is to________.‎ A．introduce a tiny file in a computer－a single code B．show how your individual information was let out when you surf the Internet C．show how to protect your privacy D．introduce a sophisticated software called “beacon”‎ 答案　B　[主旨大意题。本文围绕着上网时你的个人信息被别人收集并且被出售了讲述。故选B项。]‎ ‎2．All of the following statements are not true EXCEPT________.‎ A. Lotame sells the profiles about individuals to companies seeking customers with their age，gender，location，hobbies and names B．spying on Internet users is the fastestgrowing business on the World Wide Web C．some of the biggest websites in the US know they were installing intrusive files on visitors' computers D．a tiny file in a computer－a single code consisting of a long series of numbers and letters can record the user's information 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第四段“Lotame packages that data into profiles about individuals，only without their names, and sells the profiles to companies seeking customers.”可知A错误。根据第五段“spying on Internet users is one of the fastestgrowing businesses on the World Wide Web.”可知B错误。根据倒数第二段“some of the biggest websites in the US don't know that they were installing intrusive files on visitors’computers.”可知C错误。根据第二段可知D正确。]‎ ‎3．It can be inferred that________.‎ A．because the data is used harmlessly，Internet users ‎ around the world will not face threats B．when a person surfs the Internet，his personal details may be let out without his knowledge C．your computer can really read your mind D．MSN.com and Yahoo.com.use a software to capture what people are typing on a website 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据文章第一段以及下文可知，当一个人上网时，他的信息有可能在自己不知道的情况下被别人所泄露或出售。]‎ ‎4．According to the passage，“beacon”________．‎ A．is a tiny text file put on your PC by websites B．is a software that can package that data into profiles about individuals C．can assess the Internet user's location，income，shopping interests and even medical conditions D．is not more complex than the “cookie”‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第六段“beacons instantly assess the Internet user's location, income, shopping interests and even medical conditions.”可知选C。根据第六段“The“cookie”—a tiny text file put on your PC by websites”可知A错误。根据第四段“Lotame packages that data into profiles(个人资料)about individuals”可知B错误。根据第六段“there are new and more complex tools such as“beacons”可知D错误。]‎ ‎5．What's the writer's attitude to this problem?‎ A．Neutral.　　　　　　 B．Worried.‎ C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent.‎ 答案　B　[观点态度题。根据文章倒数第三段“Millions of Internet users around ‎ the world also face unprecedented threats.Private，sensitive，personal and business information is being gathered and sold without their knowledge.”可知，作者指出互联网用户面临着空前的威胁。所以，可以推断作者对这个问题非常的担心。故选B。]‎ Ⅲ.任务型读写 ‎ Have you ever started sneezing when eating peanuts，getting rash(皮疹)on your skin or feeling your heart starting to beat faster？Statistics show that around 12 million Americans suffer from food allergy，with 6.9 million allergic to seafood and 3.3 million allergic to peanuts or tree nuts.‎ ‎ Food allergic symptoms occur immediately after having an allergen food.The food is treated as harmful to the body，by the immune system，which defends our organism from harmful external attacks.Here are a few guidelines about things you should know and how to put them into practice to prevent food allergies and eat healthily.‎ ‎ When buying food，read attentively the labels on the food products.All manufacturers according to the new Food Allergen and Consumer Act must clearly list all the elements of the product including the 8 food allergens even if they are present in very small amounts.Don't buy these products，even if they might be cheaper.‎ ‎ Parents should be very cautious when preparing food.The table and cooking tools used need to be clean.It is recommended to cook the food of the allergic person in the first place.‎ ‎ Food allergic persons should have a little patience.In certain people，the allergy disappears gradually.Visit your doctor at regular times to find about the progress of your allergies instead of having strict diets every day.‎ ‎ Keep a diary to note the foods that worsen your food allergies，new experiences and changes that you notice.Being tempted to have a piece of cake can be very dangerous.Your health is much more worth than it.Always think about the efforts people around you are putting to create an allergicfree environment for you.‎ ‎ Allergic persons should avoid consuming cakes that are not homemade and should always carry some snacks on them.Buying food in restaurants is risky.‎ Food Allergy ‎__20__‎ Preventions ‎·__21__‎ ‎·Getting skin rash ‎·Feeling ‎ ‎__22__heartbeat ‎·Check food labels cautiously；__23__buying allergen foods.‎ ‎·Prepare food carefully；make__24__the table and cooking tools are clean.‎ ‎·Be__25__till the allergy disappears.·See doctors __26__.‎ ‎·Keep a diary of allergen foods and the __27__they have on you.‎ ‎·Resist any temptation to eat __28__foods.‎ ‎·Carry snacks instead of __29__foods.‎ ‎　　【语篇解读】 本文说明了食物过敏的一些症状和预防方法。‎ ‎20．Symptoms　[从第二段第一句可直接知道，据下栏内容也可概括得出。]‎ ‎21．Sneezing　[从第一段第一句可直接得知。]‎ ‎22．faster　[从第一段第一句中．..feeling your heart starting to beat faster？可直接 ‎ 得知。]‎ ‎23．avoid　[由第三段．..Don't buy these products等句可概括得出。]‎ ‎24．sure　[由第四段第二句可知。]‎ ‎25．patient　[由第五段第一句．..have a little patience可变形得来。]‎ ‎26．regularly　[从第五段最后一句Visit your doctor at regular times...可知。]‎ ‎27．effect/influence　[据第六段第一句Keep a diary to note the foods that worsen ‎ ‎ your food allergies...再据空后内容可知。 ]‎ ‎28．dangerous/allergen　[从第六段第二句．..can be very dangerous可直接得出 ‎ dangerous，而此处的危险食品即过敏食品，故allergen也是答案。]‎ ‎29．buying　[由第七段第二句可知。]‎