2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（8）

2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（8）

‎2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（8） ‎ Passage Twenty (The Law to Keep the Oil Industry under Control)‎ The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week: “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”‎ Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.‎ The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.‎ The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.‎ ‎1.The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to ‎[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.‎ slow down the rate of its development.‎ ‎[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.‎ ‎[D] develop more quickly than at present.‎ ‎2.The Norwegian Government has tried to ‎[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.‎ prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.‎ ‎[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.‎ ‎[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.‎ ‎3.According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to ‎[A] the development of industry.‎ a growth in population.‎ ‎[C] the failure of the development programme.‎ ‎[D] the development of new towns.‎ ‎4.In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be ‎[A] a large reduction on unemployment.‎ a growth in the tourist industry.‎ ‎[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.‎ ‎[D] the development of a number of service industries.‎ ‎5.Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because ‎[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.‎ their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.‎ ‎[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.‎ ‎[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.Norwegian      挪威的；挪威人 ‎2.coastline      海岸线 ‎3.recognition      承认；认识；赞赏 ‎4.countryside      乡下；乡民 难句译注 ‎1.A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies ‎ have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.‎ ‎【结构简析】用两个分号连接三句句子。‎ ‎【参考译文】一条新的法律限制人们仅在长长的海岸线南端以南地区进行勘探考察；规定了石油生产限量（虽然已提高）；石油公司雇佣外国工人不许超出限定额。‎ ‎2.With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry.‎ ‎【参考译文】由于将近百分之一百就业率，每个人都能看出形式发展中服务行业和旅游行业的大部分工人会跑到石油工业方面去。‎ ‎3.Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian.‎ ‎【结构简析】复合句。在because状语从句中that是定语从句修饰qualities。‎ ‎【参考译文】虽然农民和渔民并不占人口的绝大多数，可是他们都是人口的重要组成不分，因为挪威人在他们身上看到许多他们自豪地认为是挪威人的基本品质。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 文章论述“挪威政府意欲控制石油工业”。采用对比写法。先提出政府新政策的种种限制。但石油工业有办法对付。人们都认为限制难以长久。其次讲述，从战时起，挪威政府一直执行开发北极圈北部地区的发展规划，也取得成功。但石油工业已经开始向南方进军，北方政策可能会失败。石油工业之影响超出北方，有些企业缩小，减少。最后一段是讲争论的焦点：石油对挪威生活方式构成了威胁，具体表现在对挪威理想的代表――渔民和农民的威胁。‎ 答案详解 ‎1.B 减慢发展速率。文章开始就阐明挪威政府正竭尽全力把石油工业控制起来，制定新法律来限制勘探开采，限制产量，限制雇佣外国工人人数。‎ A. 为外国工人提供更多的工作。C.卖掉正在国外生产的石油。D.比现在发展更快。‎ ‎2.D 使石油工业保持在接近现在的规模。‎ A. 鼓励石油公司去发现新石油资源。B.制止石油公司雇佣来自挪威北方的人。C.帮助石油公司解决许多问题。‎ ‎3.C ‎ 发展规划的失败。这在第二段最后一句：“可是石油工业已经开始把人们吸引到南方去，所以不出几年，整个北方政策可能成泡影。”‎ A.工业发展。B.人口增长。D.新城市的发展。文内没有涉及。‎ ‎4.C 现存工业数的减少。第三段开始“可是石油工业的影响并不仅仅限于北方。近百分之一百的就业率，使每个人都见到发展的势头，服务业和旅游业的好多工人转向石油工业。某些较小的工业，在从国外购进货物更便宜的情况下，很可能会全部消失。”这说明工业数减少。‎ A.大大减少失业。B.旅游行业增长。D.许多服务公司发展。文内没有提。‎ ‎5.B 他们的生活和价值代表了挪威人的理想。‎ A.他们组成了那么大一部分挪威理想。C.他们的工作对挪威社会的其他方面非常有用。D.他们认为石油是对挪威生活方式的威胁。最后一段第一句话：“对石油真正的争论点是它对挪威生活方式的一种威胁。”并不是他们认为威胁。‎ 英语阅读理解荟萃（中级篇）‎ Passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice)‎ In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.‎ The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy ‎ that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.‎ Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advocates of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.‎ ‎1.What is the best title for this passage?‎ ‎[A] Advocating Violence.‎ Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.‎ ‎[C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.‎ ‎[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.‎ ‎2.Recorded history has taught us[A] violence never solves anything.‎ nothing.‎ ‎[C] the bloodshed means nothing.‎ ‎[D] everything.‎ ‎3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable men ‎[A] can’t get a hearing.‎ are looked down upon.‎ ‎[C] are persecuted.‎ ‎[D] Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.‎ ‎4.“He was none the wiser” means ‎ ‎[A] he was not at all wise in listening.‎ He was not at all wiser than nothing before.‎ ‎[C] He gains nothing after listening.‎ ‎[D] He makes no sense of the argument.‎ ‎5.According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is ‎ ‎[A] law enforcement.‎ knowledge.‎ ‎[C] nonviolence.‎ ‎[D] Mopping up the violent mess.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.acute                  严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的 ‎2.loot                  v.抢劫，掠夺；n.赃物 ‎3.pillage            v.抢劫，掠夺 ‎4.crunch            v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n.碎裂声 when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes. 当关键时刻来到时。‎ ‎5.war-paint            出战前涂于身上的颜料。（美印第安战士用）‎ ‎6.come to light = become known      显露，为人所知 ‎7.sap                  剥削，使伤元气，破坏 I was sapped by months of hospital treatment. 我住院治疗几个月，大伤元气。‎ ‎8.mop up            擦去，对付，处理 ‎9.wake                  船迹，航迹 in the wake of sth. = come after 随某事之后到来。‎ 难句译注 ‎1.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.‎ ‎【结构简析】when it comes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment ‎ comes.当关键时刻来到时。‎ ‎【参考译文】真正令人可怖的，令人绝望的是，在关键时刻，人们意识到我们一点儿也没有进步/前进。‎ ‎2.Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.‎ ‎【结构简析】in the wake of 在…之后。‎ ‎【参考译文】由于我们不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的烂摊子，我们的力量因此削弱了。‎ ‎3.After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.‎ ‎【结构简析】none + the + 比较级。固定用法，义：not at all 一点儿也不。EX: After the treatment, he is none the better.治疗后，他并没有因此见好，（一点儿也不见好）。‎ ‎【参考译文】听了律师的长篇解释，法官抱怨说他一无所获，并不因此变得聪明些。‎ ‎4.      Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom.‎ ‎【参考译文】知识是智慧的必要的先决条件。结合上下文这里意思是：了解情况是解决问题的先决条件。句子后面的解释：知识是指了解它欲以解决暴力制造的恶行。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 作者主要以对比的手法写出了暴力是有些国家用以解决种族差异的公认方法，这是人本性没有进步的表现，真正理智的人提出了法制才是解决问题的唯一途径，而这些人遭人轻视、迫害。作者指出如果我们把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除贫民窟，改善生活水平，提供教育和就业，清除暴力造成的后果，也就是通过对它以法治理是能真正解决种族问题的。尽管这些暴力者采取充耳不闻的态度。‎ 答案详解 ‎1.B ‎ 暴力难以消除种族偏见。文章一开始就提出有些国家种族偏见严重，而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法。白人采用暴力镇压，黑人以防火、掠抢为反抗。而双方的大人物平静地论及暴力，似乎这是一种合法的解决方案。作者就此指出人类的进步只在于表面――衣饰等，人类的本能没有改变。整个有记录历史的文件没有教会人类任何东西。这是真正令人可怕的事件。‎ 第二段论及真正有理智的懂得解决方案所在的人鼓吹法制，人们不停。他们反而收到轻视、迫害。作者就此提出假设，答出真正的解决方案嗜法制，以法治理。‎ 第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提，即使暴力者不同意，但知道暴力制造它假装要解决的罪恶，是智慧聪明的必要前提。‎ A.鼓吹暴力。C.双方重要人物都把暴力作为合法的解决方案。D. 人类的本性是嗜暴性。‎ ‎2.B没有什么。第一段中就明确提出整个人类有记录历史又长又臭的暴力文件记录，一点都没有教给我们任何东西。‎ A.暴力解决不了任何事情。C.杀戮（流血）没有任何意义。D.一切。‎ ‎3.D在鼓吹法制方面有困难。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害。他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。‎ A.人们不听。B.遭人轻视。C.遭人迫害。这三项都包含在D项内。‎ ‎4.C听后无所得。None the wiser一点也不比以前聪明（这是按字面翻译）。实际就是C项。‎ A.在倾听别人上他一点也不聪明。B.他和以前一个样。D.他听不懂论点。‎ ‎5.A法制。第二段最后一句，如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正的持久的解决总是能实现的。第二段第二句，他们遭到迫害是因为他们鼓吹法制这种显然令人不能容忍的事。‎ B.知识。C.非暴力。D.处理暴力带来的混乱。‎ Passage Two (The Tourist Trade Contributes Absolutely Nothing to Increasing Understanding between Nations)‎ ‎     The tourist trade is booming. With all this coming and going, you’d expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost. What was once the ‘grand tour’, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp? The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of. But what’s the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations ‎ of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?‎ ‎     Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. The modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. He lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island‎ of ‎Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.‎ ‎     The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities, say, French, German, English, American and Italian. Now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. So when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, ‘Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites’ of that ‘Latin peoples shout a lot’. You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?‎ ‎     Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds! – That all people are human. We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.‎ ‎1.The best title for this passage is ‎ ‎[A] tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.‎ Tourism is tiresome.‎ ‎[C] Conducted tour is dull.‎ ‎[D] tourism really does something to one’s country.‎ ‎2.What is the author’s attitude toward tourism?‎ ‎[A] apprehensive.‎ negative.‎ ‎[C] critical.‎ ‎[D] appreciative.‎ ‎3.Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shout a lot?‎ ‎[A] silent.‎ noisy.‎ ‎[C] lively.‎ ‎[D] active.‎ ‎4.The purpose of the author’s criticism is to point out ‎[A] conducted tour is disappointing.‎ the way of touring should be changed.‎ ‎[C] when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.‎ ‎[D] national stereotypes should be changed.‎ ‎5.What is ‘grand tour’ now?[A] moderate cost.‎ local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.‎ ‎[C] people enjoy the first-rate comforts.‎ ‎[D] everybody can enjoy the ‘grand tour’.‎ Vocabulary ‎1.superb                  卓越的，杰出的，第一流的 ‎2.moderate                  中庸的，中等的，适度的 ‎3.grand tour            大旅行，指旧时英国富家子弟教育中，‎ ‎                                到欧洲大陆观光的旅行，为学业必经阶段。‎ ‎4.package tour            由旅行社代办而费用与路线、‎ ‎                                日程固定的假日旅游。也可用package holiday。‎ ‎5.chartered flight            包机航班 ‎6.set out to do sth. = begin a job with a particular aim开始做某事，‎ ‎                                                        决心/打算做……‎ ‎7.cosset                  宠爱，溺爱，纵容 ‎8.conducted tour = guided tour      有人指导/引到下的参观，有导游的旅游            ‎ ‎9.censor                  检查 ‎10.wander off            离开原处/正道，离群，漫步，漫游 ‎11.quarters            住处，营 ‎12.paella                  西班牙什锦饭 ‎13.chip                  炸马铃薯条（土豆条）‎ ‎14.amorous                  多情的，色情的 ‎15.pedantic            学究式的，卖弄学问的 ‎16.generalization            归纳，概括 ‎17.stir up                  惹起，煽动，挑起 ‎18.trite                  陈腐的，老一套的 难句译注 ‎1.What was once the ‘grand tour’, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybody’s grasp.‎ ‎【结构简析】within sb.’s grasp.某人理解/了解，为某人所能抓到的。‎ ‎【参考译文】一度只有最富有者专享的“大旅行”现在人人都可获得。‎ ‎2.The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at.‎ ‎【参考译文】旅行社包办的旅游，包机航班决不会遭人耻笑。‎ ‎3.They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population.‎ ‎【参考译文】旅行社有意使他们的谷底和当地居民少接触。‎ ‎4.The modern tourist heads a cosseted sheltered life.‎ ‎【参考译文】现代旅行者过的使爱护有加与世隔绝的生活。‎ ‎5.Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored.‎ ‎【参考译文】有人指导下参观一些静电收到组织者――旅行社仔细的检查核准。‎ ‎6.A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way.‎ ‎【结构简析】only too + 形容词/分词 = very非常。‎ ‎【参考译文】严格致密的计划值得旅行者不可能自己一个人到处闲逛；再说，至少语言总是个障碍，所以他对这样保护非常高兴。‎ ‎7.At its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization.‎ ‎【结构简析】at one’s worst 在情况最坏的时候。‎ ‎【参考译文】最糟的时候，这种保护会导致形成一种新型而又可怕的殖民现象。‎ ‎8.Carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous.‎ ‎【结构简析】carried to an extreme (to an excess )如果做得过分。‎ ‎【参考译文】如果走向极端，模式化的想法会非常危险。‎ ‎9.Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact.‎ ‎【参考译文】野蛮（乱七八糟）的概括/归纳会激起种族仇恨，使我们对这基本事实视而不见。‎ 写作方法与文章大意 文章主要采用因果写法。虽然旅游业发展，人们可享受以前只有最富有者享受的大旅游，但由于旅行社种种限制/呵护及其它，使旅游者难以和当地居民接触。陈旧的固定的想――对民族的模式化想法，只有通过接触才能接触模式。而旅行社的种种都使人相互难以理解。‎ 答案详解 ‎1.A 旅游对增进民族了解毫无建树。第二段开始点出，许多旅游组织直接负责旅游事宜，他们有意识不让旅游者接触当地居民，让他们过着一种关怀备至又与世隔绝的生活。住的是国际饭店，吃的是国际食品，喝的是国际饮料，在原处观看当地居民。严格有序的计划使旅游者难以自己一人闲逛，语言的障碍，又使他们乐意接受保护。第三段涉及坚持民族模式化――老一套的想法，所以一开始旅游，你见到的民族特性就只是证实了你自己设想的基本事实――所有人民都是人类。只有交朋友才能知道民族模式是多么荒谬、有害，可是旅行社竭力制止，你又怎么能交上外国朋友呢？这一切说明A项对。‎ B.旅游很累。C.导游观光很单调乏味。D.旅游确实对国家有贡献。‎ ‎2.C 批评。‎ ‎3.B 吵吵闹闹的。‎ ‎4.B ‎ 旅游的方式应改变。整篇文章（除第一段外）都环绕旅游方式不理想来进行批评。第二段集中在导游观光使旅游者难以和当地人民接触。第三段，见到的只是证实了旅游者本人事先形成的思想/先入之见，旅游根本达不到了解对方的目的。第四段讲了民族固定模式（先入之见的模式）的可怕后果。要使人懂得所有的人们都是人类，彼此相似，又各具特点，就得改变旅游的方式。‎ A.导游观光令人失望。C.旅游时，你见到的 特性证实了你的先入之见。D.民族模式应当改变。这三条都是批评的具体内容。‎ ‎5.D 人人都能享受大旅游。大旅行是专指英国富家子弟上学中的一门课程－到欧洲大陆观光。不是人人都能享受。这里用grand tour表示人人都能享受类似grand tour的一切，甚至超过，如第一段指出：现代旅游者享受的舒适设施，达到了大旅行中老爷、小姐们做梦都没有想到的水平。海陆空高级交流联络通讯系统，使人们有可能钱花得不多就能访问、观光别的国家。所以说，曾是有钱人专享的大旅行，普通人也能领略。“grand tour”有引号，表明作为比喻。‎ A.费用不高。文内是费用合适、中等、恰当。B.当地观光受组织审查。C.人们喜欢一流舒适设施。‎