【英语】2018届二轮复习形容词的五种考查方式学案（4页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习形容词的五种考查方式学案（4页）

‎2018届二轮复习 形容词的五种考查方式 形容词是高考语法填空的重要考点之一，本文结合近年高考试题归纳形容词在语法填空中的五种主要考查方式。‎ 一、考查形容词转化为副词 形容词通常在句中作定语、表语和补足语，若是在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或全句，时要将语法填空所给的或短文改错原句中的形容词改为副词。如：‎ 语法填空 ‎1. (2017全国II卷 ) Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been _______ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers...‎ ‎2. (2016全国Ⅰ卷) I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. ‎ 短文改错 ‎3. (2016全国Ⅰ卷)…his business will grow steady.‎ ‎4. (2015全国Ⅱ卷)I were terrible worried…‎ ‎5. (2013全国Ⅱ卷) Interesting, it had a connection to…‎ 答案与解析：1.修饰形容词unpleasant用副词fairly；2.修饰动词be ‎ given用副词officially；3.修饰动词grow用副词，故改steady为steadily；4.修饰形容词worried用副词，故改terrible为terribly；5. 在句首修饰全句用副词，故改Interesting为Interestingly。‎ 形容词变副词规则一览表：‎ 二、考查形容词的比较级和最高级 当语法填空所给词是形容词，而根据句子结构分析，所填词依然是需要形容词时，可考虑填其比较级或最高级形式。短文改错中的形容词的等级形式可能有错。如：‎ 语法填空 ‎1. (2016全国Ⅱ卷) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of __________ (great) and less importance. ‎ ‎2. (2014全国Ⅰ卷) Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is __________ (clean) than ever.‎ ‎3.(2015上海卷) It was _______ (nice) gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete stranger.‎ 短文改错 ‎4.(2016全国Ⅲ卷)They were also the best and worse years in my life.‎ ‎5.(2012全国Ⅰ卷)I had to be more patient and little aggressive.‎ 答案与解析：1.由并列一致可知，要填比较级greater；2.由than ever可知，要填比较级cleaner；3.由表示范围的定语从句(that) I'd never received可知，要用最高级nicest；4.由并列一致可知，改worse为worst；5.由并列一致可知，改little为less。‎ 形容词的比较级和最高级变化规则一览表：‎ ‎    不规则变化的形容词比较级和最高级一览表：‎ 三、考查形容词的名词形式 ‎(2015全国II卷) In addition to their simple beatify, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ______ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.‎ 答案与解析：在their后，要用名词，故填ability。‎ 四、考查形容词的否定前缀 在语法填空中若给出的是形容词，根据句子结构分析，要填的词依然是形容词，又不是需要填比较级或最高级时，可从句意逻辑去考虑，填与其意相反的形容词。或在短文改错中，当逻辑意义不通时，也可考虑是否将形容词改为反义才通顺。如：‎ Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things well ‎ as them. I’m sure they will laugh at me and see me as a fool. So I feel ______ (happy) every day.‎ 答案与解析：在系动词后需填形容词，根据语境不需考虑填比较级或最后级，但根据句意“别人嘲笑我，把我当作傻瓜”可知“我每天都感到不快乐”，故填unhappy。‎ 常见形容词否定前缀一览表：‎ 五、考查形容词转化为动词 有时高考语法填空中所给词看上去为形容词，其实是已转化为动词了，这时则应考虑是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，如果是非谓语动词，又要考虑用哪些形式。如：‎ ‎(2015新课标II卷) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______ (cool) the house during the hot day.‎ 答案与解析：因cool后有宾语the house，意思是“使该房子变得凉爽”，显然cool是动词而非非形容词；根据“adj. + enough to do sth.” 结构可知，填to cool。‎ ‎    有些形容词可以直接转化为动词，如clean, cool, dry, warm, empty等；有的形容词则要通过加前缀或后缀才能转化成动词。如：‎