【英语】2018届二轮复习七选五型阅读理解说明类典题解题例析（二）（含有解析）学案（19页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习七选五型阅读理解说明类典题解题例析（二）（含有解析）学案（19页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习七选五型阅读理解说明类典题解题例析（二）‎ 解题指导：‎ ‎  （一）常规解题步骤：‎ ‎1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。　‎ ‎2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。‎ ‎   3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。‎ 比如第73题，代词的作用就体现的非常明显，如果看不到下文中的he，很难做出判断，但是只要看到了就会马上去设想前面必然会提到某个男性的人物，然后根据语境很快就可以锁定选项F，答案自然很快就可以确定。‎ ‎   4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。‎ ‎（二）设空在段首的方法指导：‎ 七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况：‎ ‎ 1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。‎ ‎ 2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有   某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。 ‎ 典题例析：‎ ‎【一】‎ Little Habits Make a Big Difference Everything around us is changing at amazing speed, it seems---but some things will always remain the same. ___16___ Some of our daily habits have the power to always give us happiness and lead toward success. Here are some little habits that can make a big difference:‎ ‎1. ___17___ Many studies have linked early rising with success. An early morning wake-up carries benefits including better planning and anticipation(预料)of problems, and more time to the things that make you happy.‎ ‎2. Happiness comes to those who are curious. ___18___ As long as you live, there will always be something to learn, and as long as you follow your heart and your passions, you won’t miss out on learning.‎ ‎3. Believe in yourself and all that you are. ____19____ Confidence is the key to success—the thing that lets you look at the past without regret, stay grounded in the present, and prepare for the future without fear.‎ ‎4. A day well spent gets you a good night sleep. Enough sleep makes you feel healthier and happier, and it’s more than lifting up your or removing ‎ exhaustion(疲惫). Adequate sleep is a key part of your health and inner happiness. ___20___ ‎ It doesn’t take a huge effort to make a significant change in your life---using one or two tiny habits may be all you need. Get started today and you’ll soon be experiencing the rewards.‎ A. That’s why habits are so powerful.‎ B. The ground work of all happiness is good health.‎ C. Early to rise makes you healthy, wealthy, and wise.‎ D. The habit of respect means treating everyone with kindness.‎ E. Nothing will ever make you happier than having faith in yourself.‎ F. When you rest better, you can live better and achieve more happiness G. There is no stage in life when we can’t be learning something valuable. ‎ ‎【答案】16. A 17. C 18. G 19. E 20. F ‎18. 根据上下文可知，这一段讲述的是人只要活着，总有要学习的东西。时常保持着好奇心，好学习的人总会感到幸福。因此G选项人生中的任何一个阶段都能够学到珍贵的东西符合题意，故选G。‎ ‎19. 根据上下文可知，这一段讲述的是要相信自己，自信是成功的关键，E选项中的have faith in yourself正是此意，故选E。‎ ‎【二】‎ Most cars have seat belts as part of their equipment. Seat belts protect drivers and passengers in case of accidents. They also reduce the effect of a crash on the body. ‎ ‎____16____Worldwide, the devices have protected up to a million people.‎ America first recognized the invention of an automobile seat belt in 1849. The government gave a patent to an engineer named Edward Claghorn of New York City so that others would not copy his invention of a safety device. ___17___This early version of safety belt was said to include hooks and other attachments for securing the person to a fixed object.‎ Other inventors followed with different versions of the seat belt. ___18___ It resulted from the work of a Swedish engineer, Nils Bohlin. His three-point, lap and shoulder seat belt first appeared on cars in Europe 50 years ago.‎ Nils Bohlin recognized that both the upper and lower body needed to be held securely in place. His invention contained a cloth strap（带子）that ‎ was placed across the chest and another strap across his hips(臀部) .___19___‎ Volvo was the first company to offer the modern seat belt to its cars. This company also provided use of Nils Bohlin's design to other car-makers.‎ ‎___20___He received a gold medal from the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1995. He died in Sweden in 2002.‎ A. Claghorn called his invention a safety belt B. The design joined the straps next to the hip.‎ C. The Swedish engineer won many honors for his seat belt.‎ D. Safety experts say that seat belts save thousands of lives a year in America alone.‎ E. There are many companies adopting Nils Bohlin's invention of the belt.‎ F. Claghorn was a promising young engineer with many honors all his life.‎ G. But more than 100 years passed before the current seat belt was developed.‎ ‎【答案与部分解析】16. D 17. A 18. G 19. B 20. C ‎18. 此处表达人们进行了不同的尝试，直到50 多年前才出现在车里，所以表明经过一百多年的发展。‎ ‎19. 前句提到了a cloth strap（带子）和hips(臀部)，而且此段是在讲安全带的工作原理，所以B选项正确。‎ ‎20. 根据前段中提到的Nils Bohlin's design，可知此处表达Nils Bohlin因为此法名获奖。‎ ‎【三】‎ Ways to Help Your Teen Adjust to a New School ‎ In an ideal world,a teen could start and finish their schooling at the same school.___16___.And while a move to a new city can be stressful for the entire family,it may be especially difficult for your teenager.Use these strategies to help your teen adjust to a new school.‎ ‎ ___17___‎ The adjustment period begins before your teen ever steps foot into the new school.Point out the new opportunities that’ll be available.If you have confidence that you can make it a new city or a new job,your teen will feel more confident about his ability to succeed in a new school.‎ ‎ Listen to your teen’s concerns ‎ If you don’t have an open relationship with your teen currently,now it is the time to build one.It’s easiest to get him to open up when he’s feeling unsure.___18___.Is he worried about new teachers?Does he doubt his ability to make the basketball team?‎ Talk about your reasons for moving ‎ ___19___.If you’re preparing for a better career opportunity,or you need to find a new house because you can’t afford to stay where you are,talk about it.‎ ‎ Learn about the new school ahead of time ‎ Conduct as much research as possible about the new school before your teen starts attending.Get your teen to find out about the size of the school and the types of classes offered.___20___.Talking to a network guidance counselor ahead of time can also be helpful.‎ A.Keep a positive attitude B.Develop your teen’s different abilities C.Keep asking questions about his biggest concerns D.Be honest with your teen about why you’re moving E.Most schools have websites that offer a wealth of information F.Joining a club or playing a sport can be a great way for your teen G.However,when a family must move,a teenager must switch schools ‎【答案】16. G 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. E ‎17. 根据本段内容，特别是“Point out the new opportunities that’ll be available.If you have confidence that you can make it a new city or a new job,your teen will feel more confident about his ability to succeed in a new school.”可知，本段讲的是态度问题，故A项符合语境。‎ ‎18. 根据本空后的“Is he worried about new teachers?Does he doubt his ability to make the basketball team? ” 可知，此处是说要持续关注孩子最大的担忧，C项中的questions与这两个问题相对应，故C项符合语境。‎ ‎19. 根据本段小标题及本空后的内容可知，此处是说要如实地告诉孩子搬家的原因，故D项符合语境。‎ ‎20. 根据本空后的“Talking to a network guidance counselor ahead of time can also be helpful. ” 可知，此处说的是一种让孩子了解学校和课程的途径，即通过网络信息，故E项符合语境。‎ ‎【四】‎ Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit—and that can be a very annoying thing. ___16___ Read on for some techniques worth trying.‎ ‎___17___ ‎ People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer's disease (早老性痴呆症), according to a recent study.____18____ Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward.‎ ‎ Go for a walk.‎ Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.____19____‎ ‎ Learn something new.‎ Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. ___20___.‎ A. Focus on the future.‎ B. This can be especially harmful to the aged.‎ C. It should be something like learning gardening or go dancing with your friends.‎ D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading. ‎ E. But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with life-changing events.‎ F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.‎ G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.‎ ‎【答案与难题解析】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. G 20. C ‎17. A 考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是：那些经常做计划并期待即将到来的事情的人们患早老性痴呆的机率会减少百分之五十。所以这里选A（关注未来。）串联上下文。‎ ‎【六】‎ We face problems in our everyday life.___16___Don’t worry. As long as you are breathing, you can solve problems.‎ Be aware of problem.‎ First of all, it is important to know and understand the problem clearly.___17___Following questions like why, what, how, when, where and who will take you to the root cause of the problem.‎ Analyze the problem.‎ Analyzing the problem will give you time to think of a proper solution.____18____They can be diagrams, flowcharts or a lists, etc.‎ Plan a strategy.‎ Planning a strategy will help you waste less energy and time in attempting all the solutions. This step includes knowing the pros and cons of applying a solution. In this way, you can abandon the strategy that you don’t find worthy to apply.‎ ‎_____19_____‎ Leave out the information that is not required for the solving of the problem. You need to be accurate with the details. Keeping the unrelated information can sometimes complicate the simple problem as we tend to overlook the important information.‎ Carry out the solution Putting the solution into effect in a correct way to get the result expected is important while solving a problem. You need to be creative ‎ while actualizing a solution just in case some other problem arises while applying the solution. ___20___‎ A. Delete irrelevant information B. You can use various tools to study the problem C. Use yes or no questions to get better information D. Knowing the problem means solving half the problem itself E. They can be social problems, relationship problems, or problems at work.‎ F. Spend 10% of the time analyzing the problem and 90% on the solution, not the opposite.‎ G. Being ready with alternatives is also important in case a solution works only half way.‎ ‎【答案与难点解析】16. E 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. G ‎17. 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前句意：首先，了解清楚问题很重要。空后句意：接下来的问题，比如：为什么，什么问题，怎么产生的，什么时候，在哪里以及谁会让你找到问题的根源。故这里D（了解问题就意味着解决了一半的问题。）符合上下文，故选D。‎ ‎18. 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前句意：分析问题会给你时间考虑一种恰当的解决方法。空后句意：它们可能是图表，流程图或列表。故这里B（你可以使用不同的工具来研究问题。）符合上下文，故选B。‎ ‎19. 考查对上下文语境的理解。此空是本段的主题句。根据下文所描述的内容：忽略那些解决问题时不需要的信息。无关的信息有时会让简单的问题复杂化。故这里A（删去无关的信息。）符合上下文，故选A。‎ ‎20. 考查对上下文语境的理解。本段的主题是：实施解决方法。空前句意：你需要创造性地实现一个解决方案，以防其他问题出现。故这里G（为了预防解决方法半途而废，准备可选择的方法也很重要。）符合上下文，故选G。‎ ‎【七】‎ Yawn! If you often feel too tired in the mornings, even if you’re getting 8 hours in, then this article is for you. Waking up still tired is pretty common — but that doesn’t mean it’s natural. __16__ The following tips may help.‎ Body scan. When you open your eyes, even if you have to madly turn off your annoying alarm, lie back down for 2 minutes to do a quick body scan. First, take four deep breaths. __17__ This will leave you feeling very calm.‎ Say something you’re grateful for. This simple, short act gives us a ‎ moment to take our minds off all of our responsibilities, tasks, projects and deadlines — and instead give thanks for another day of life. __18__‎ Listen to your favorite songs. __19__ There is a list of recordings for waking up and getting up in a shiny mood but you can pick anything you like.‎ ‎__20__ Having set sleep and waking times is so important for ensuring you feel energetic and happy in the mornings. Your body begins to expect sleeping and waking up, making it less likely that you’ll wake up tired.‎ A．Keep your routine.‎ B．Try to develop good habits.‎ C．Then, start at your toes and feet.‎ D．Music will make you energetic all day.‎ E．It will take you much energy to do it.‎ F．We are deserving of a peaceful start to each new day.‎ G．This can take 60 seconds but give peace to the day.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。即便睡了8个小时，但有些人早晨起来仍然很疲惫，这该怎么办呢？文章就如何保持充沛的精力提出了一些建议。‎ ‎16．选F　上文提到，早晨起来仍然很疲惫是很常见的，但并不意味着这是件自然的事情。F项意为“我们每天都应该有一个平静的开始”承接上文话题，同时也是下文要提出建议的原因。故F项正确。‎ ‎17．选C　下文提到，这将会使你感到非常平静；由此可知，上文应是关于让人感到平静的方法。C项“然后，活动你的脚趾头和脚”符合语境，且照应上文的“First”。故C项正确。‎ ‎18．选G　上文提到，说一些你感恩的事情。G项“这会花费你60秒钟的时间，但会给你一天的平静”承接上文话题，且照应该段主题句“Say something you’re grateful for.”。故G项正确。‎ ‎19．选D　上文提到，听听自己喜欢的歌曲。D项“音乐会使你整天都精力充沛”承接上文话题，符合语境。故D项正确。‎ ‎20．选A　此处为该段主题句。通读该段内容可知，每天的睡眠和起床时间要固定，这对保证每天早晨的充沛精力和愉悦心情非常重要。由此可知，A项“保持生活规律”符合语境，适合做主题句。故A项正确。‎ ‎【八】‎ While it may seem like everyone surfs the web these days, there is a fine line between casually checking your social media pages and having a fullblown Internet addiction. If you fear that you may lose interest in other aspects of your life because you prefer to be on the Internet, you may be on your way to an Internet addiction. __16__‎ Admit you are at risk of an addiction.‎ More and more people in the world are becoming addicted to the Internet. You are not the only one with this problem, and it is becoming more and more common and more and more wellknown. __17__‎ Set aside limited time for computer use.‎ Make sure not to turn it on too many times a week. If you have a laptop, make sure to put it somewhere that you can remember but not somewhere that you see every day. Try keeping the lid closed when you are not using it. __18__ If you have a desktop PC, try not to go near it or put something over it like a sheet.‎ Call people instead of sending instant messages or texts.‎ If you are free on weekends, call friends and ask them to go outside. This will distract you from the computer. __19__‎ Use an alarm clock or timer.‎ Before using your computer, decide on a time limit such as 30 minutes. Set the clock or timer and make sure that you get off the computer when the time is up. Alternatively create a shutdown timer on your desktop. __20__‎ A．Make a small list of what you want to do within that time.‎ B．When the computer is not looking at you, you are less likely to use it.‎ C．This can be programmed to shut down your computer after the set time.‎ D．Luckily, there are ways to avoid living your life in front of the computer.‎ E．This will stop you from using the Internet so often or going on to another page.‎ F．If you have a problem on weekdays, phone your friends or ask for help in person.‎ G．Do not be embarrassed; find others with the same problem and help each other beat it.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。网瘾会给人们的生活带来很大的影响，本文就如何避免网瘾提出了建议。‎ ‎16．选D　上文谈到网瘾会导致你对生活的其他方面失去兴趣，下文的几条建议则是有关如何避免网瘾的，D项对全文起着承上启下的作用。‎ ‎17．选G　本段的主旨是“Admit you are at risk of an addiction”，再结合本段讲述的“越来越多的人有网瘾，这是一个普遍现象”可知，选G项“不要觉得不好意思，找到和你一样有网瘾的人，互相帮助去战胜网瘾”。‎ ‎18．选B　根据空前的“Try keeping the lid closed when you are not using it.”可知，作者建议你不用电脑时，把它合上，故选B项“看不到电脑时，你用它的可能性就小”。‎ ‎19．选F　本段的主题是“给朋友打电话而不是在网上发信息”，上文的call friends and ask them to go outside与F项中的phone your friends or ask for help in person，还有上文的“on weekends”与F项中的on weekdays前后呼应。‎ ‎20．选C　本段的主题是“Use an alarm clock or timer”，作者建议使用闹钟或定时器来限制上网的时间，空前的“shutdown timer”与C项中的“shut down your computer after the set time”相对应。‎ ‎【九】‎ Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. __1__ Different people may give different answers to this question.Experts say it is essential to do the followings.‎ First, it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day. __2__ This strengthens the heart, reduces the chance of heart attack, and helps lower blood pressure.That’s why more and more people are becoming active in various kinds of sports and exercise. __3__‎ It is widely recognized that a healthy, balanced diet is essential for preventing disease and illness, managing your weight, living longer and keeping things such as hair, skin and nails in good condition.‎ ‎__4__ They advise people to eat more fruits and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry (家禽) and fish.Fat can build up in the arteries (动脉), block the flow of blood, and cause a heart attack or stroke.‎ Getting rid of bad habits like smoking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy.Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one’s health a great deal, and therefore should be given up. __5__‎ If people follow these three ways of keeping fit, they will greatly improve their health.‎ A．Unfortunately, few people follow this advice.‎ B．But how to keep healthy?‎ C．It’s very important to have good living habits, such as doing regular exercise and having enough sleep.‎ D．Research shows that getting plenty of exercise makes the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder.‎ E．Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health.‎ F．Working out regularly every day can prevent us from putting on weight.‎ G．Through sports and exercise, people become healthier and stronger.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。健康是人类最大的财富，这也许每个人都知道。如何保持身心健康呢？本文作者即将为你揭晓答案。‎ ‎1．选B　B项中“how to keep healthy”与下句中的“this question”呼应。‎ ‎2．选D　D项中的“exercise”与上句中的“exercise”是原词复现。‎ ‎3．选G　上文讲述了人们积极参加锻炼的原因，G项说明锻炼给人们带来的变化。‎ ‎4．选E　该段主要讲述了饮食与健康的关系。‎ ‎5．选A　A项中的“Unfortunately”表达的是一种转折关系，很少有人听从上述这个建议。‎ ‎【十】‎ What is happiness? When you can feel inner peace and satisfaction, you are happy.__1__ This usually happens when we do something we ‎ love or achieve something that we value.It is our opinions that make us feel happy or unhappy.All of us constantly go through various situations or conditions, but we do not have to let them influence our reactions and feelings.__2__‎ Try hard to make a change of the way you look at things.__3__ That means looking at the good and positive side of every situation. Pay attention to solutions, not problems.Listen to relaxing and uplifting music. Watch funny and interesting programs that make you laugh.‎ Always look at what you have done and not at what you haven’t done.Look at what you can do, not at what you cannot do.Each day do at least one act to make others happy.When you make someone happy, you’ll become happy, and then people will try to make you happy.__4__ On the contrary, be happy for their happiness.Communicate with happy people and try to learn from them to be happy.Remember, do your best to stay detached (冷静的) when things do not occur as intended and desired.Detachment has much to do with inner peace.__5__‎ A．I’ve never regretted it.‎ B．Always look at the bright side.‎ C．Do not envy people who are happy.‎ D．Stop asking for everyone’s approval.‎ E．Inner peace can lead to happiness, so smile more often.‎ F．Here are a few tips for increasing happiness in daily life.‎ G．It is usually experienced at a special moment.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，文章就如何提高幸福感提出了几条建议。‎ ‎1．选G　由空后一句可知，幸福感总是在我们做我们喜欢做的事情或者得到我们重视的东西时出现，据此可知，G项“在特定的时刻通常会体验到幸福感”引出下文，故G项正确。‎ ‎2．选F　根据下文内容可知，下面两段阐述的是提高幸福感的建议，所以选F项，F项起承上启下的作用。‎ ‎3．选B　根据空后一句“That means looking at the good and positive side of every situation.”可知，选B项“要看到事物光明的一面”。‎ ‎4．选C　根据空后一句“On the contrary, be happy for their happiness.”可知，空处的意思与“be happy for their happiness”相反，故选C项“不要嫉妒幸福的人”。‎ ‎5．选E　根据空前一句“Detachment has much to do with inner peace.”可知，冷静地面对事情和内心的平静有很大关系，据此可以判断，空处阐述的是内心的平静和幸福的关系，故E项正确。‎