天津市河西区2020届高三英语总复习质量调查（一）试题（解析版）

天津市河西区2020届高三英语总复习质量调查（一）试题（解析版）

河西区 2019-2020 学年度第二学期高三英语模拟试卷（一） 英语试卷 第 I 卷（选择题，共 95 分） 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节：单项填空（共 15 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. --I really thought I’d be offered the job. --Oh, well, ________, Clark. A. you are fight B. best wishes C. congratulations D. better luck next time 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：A 你是对的；B 祝福你；C 祝贺你！D 下次好运！句义：—我真的以为我被提供了 这份工作。—好的，下次好运吧！根据前一句可知实际上他并没有得到这份工作。故第二句 表示祝愿对方下次好运。故 D 正确。 考点：考查交际用语 2. Animals are obviously ______ lower form of life than _______ man. A. a ; / B. the ; the C. a ; the D. / ; / 【答案】A 【解析】 考查冠词。第一空表示“一种生命的形式”；第二空 man 表“人类”，不用冠词。故答案选 A。 3.The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools. A. that B. one C. it D. this 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查代词。句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数 名词 the quality of education，故用代词 that。代词 it 和 one 都代指可数名词单数。故选 A。代 词 it, one 和 that 都可指代前面提到的名词。一般说来，it 指代同名同物；one 与 that 则指代同 名异物，但 one 为泛指，相当于 a／an＋名词，只可代指可数名词；that 为特指，相当于 the ＋名词，可以代指不可数名词。one 既可代替事物，也可代替人，that 只能代替事物而不能代 替人。掌握好这些知识就不难选出答案。 4. Everyone will go through life's stages of ups and downs, ________ self-respect plays a key role in the maturity(成熟) of a person. A. when B. which C. as D. that 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：A；考查定语从句关系词。句意：每个人都会经历人生的起起伏伏，这时候自尊对 一个人成熟起着关键的作用。这里用了定语从句，先行词是 life’s stages，定语从句中不缺主宾 表，缺少的是时间状语，用 when 引导定语从句。根据句意，故选 A 考点：考查定语从句关系词 5. An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ________ a long lost antique Greek vase. A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查介词短语的含义。at random 任意地，随机地；by chance 偶然地；in turn 依次， 轮流，反而；on occasion 有时，偶然。句意：最近，乘渡轮去南部岛屿旅游的一位艺术家发 现了一个失传已久的希腊花瓶。 【名师点睛】介词短语辨析是高考常考点。解答这类题目，首先要知道各选项词组的意思， 其次要理解题干的意思，然后像数学中的代入法一样，依次把各个选项意思放入句子中进行 比较，不难选出正确答案。关键还是在平时学习的过程中，多积累多总结多记忆。 6.If the project______before the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be made fully responsible for the financial losses. A. being completed B. completed C. to be completed D. completing 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果这个月底预计完工的大楼建设的工期被拖延的话，建筑 公司将对经济损失负全部责任。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是 is delayed，故 complete 用 非谓语动词形式作定语，由时间状语 by the end of this month 可知，complete 是将来的动作， 且与先行词 project 是被动关系，故应该用不定式的被动式作定语。故选 C。 【点睛】非谓语动词解题策略： 1、首先查看句子是否缺少谓语动词，以判断是否使用非谓语动词。高中学习中，一般情况下 同一个句子不能出现两个谓语，如果句子有谓语则选择非谓语； 2、判断语态，根据动作执行者和承受者来判断是使用主动还是被动语态。 3、判断时态，根据动作的先后关系等，判断应该使用的时态。 7.The fish we ate at the restaurant yesterday was very delicious.I'd like to have it again even if it costs_______. A. twice as much B. much more twice C. as much twice D. as twice much 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查倍数表达法。句意：昨天我们在餐馆吃的鱼很可口。我还想再吃一次，即使它 花费两倍价钱。看选项有 as 以及 twice，可知是考查倍数的表达方式。倍数的表达方式是：倍 数+as+adj / adv．/ n.+ as，第一个句子中已经交代了比较对象，也就是昨天吃的鱼，所以在第 二个句子中，第二个 as 后面的内容可以省略。本来应该是 twice as much as it cost yesterday， 省略之后就是 twice as much。故选 A。 8.His confident words have ________ our doubts about how the plan will be carried out. A. brought in B. taken up C. cut in D. cleared up 【答案】D 【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他自信的言语消除了我们对如何实施这个计划的疑虑。clear up“消 除，解释，澄清，(天气)转晴”，符合句意。bring in“引进，生产，增加”；take up“拿起，开始 从事(新工作等)，占据(时间，地方)”；cut in“插话，(突然)强行超车”。此处指消除顾虑，故选 D. 9.________her mother after being separated for 20 years, she couldn't help, even though she tried not to, _______. A. Seen; crying B. To see; cry C. Seeing; crying D. Having seen; cry 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：分别 20 年后再见到她母亲，即使她努力的不哭，她还是忍 不住哭了。分析句子可知，主句是 she couldn't help crying，see 和 cry 都使用非谓语动词形式， see 做状语，和逻辑主语 she 构成主动关系，使用现在分词，故 A、D 项错误；第二空是固定 结构 can’t help doing 忍不住做某事，综上所述，故选 C。 10.No one _______be more generous; he has a heart of gold. A. need B. must C. dare D. could 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：没人比他更慷慨；他有一颗金子般的心。“No one could be more generous”是否定词和比较级连用，表达最高级含义，D 项 could 可以在否定句中表示推测， 为正确答案。B 项表示肯定性推测，只用在肯定句中；dare 和 need 不符合句意。故选 D。 11. The dog may be a good companion for the old. _______, the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage. A. Besides. B. However C. Therefore D. Instead. 【答案】B 【解析】 考查连词。前一句话有 good，后面一句话有 disadvantage，前后两句话有转折关系，所以选择 however。句意：狗也许是老年人的好陪伴。然而需要带着狗去散步时也许有不便。 12.—Why didn’t you pay the accommodation rent? —The rent? That isn’t ________ till Sunday. A. sure B. okay C. due D. late 【答案】C 【解析】 考查交际用。A. It all depends.那就看情况而定了，B. It’s up to you.由你决定，C. You are crazy! 你发疯了，D. That isn’t due yet.还没有到期，句意：--你为什么不付租金？--租金？还没有到期。 根据句意选 C。 13.Due to the ________ of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at the early stage. A. appreciation B. application C. appointment D. approach 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：appreciation 感谢，欣赏，application 应用，申请，appointment 约会，approach 方 法，接近。句意：由于这种医疗技术的应用，一些疾病可以在早期得到治疗。 考点： 名词 14.---Sorry to_____________ you, but could I ask a quick question? ---No problem. A. trouble B. prevent C. disappoint D. worry 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对不起打扰了，我可以快速问个问题吗？——不客气。A. trouble 麻烦；打扰；B. prevent 阻止；C. disappoint 使失望；D. worry 是担心。询问别人问题时 礼貌用语是 Sorry to trouble you。对不起打扰你了。故选 A。 15. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：“我想告诉你的是我深爱我的父母并很尊重他们。”名词性从 句的连词选用规则是：根据意思，缺什么就填什么，什么都不缺就填 that。我们必须特别关注 what 所引导的名词性从句，what 引导名词性时，必须在句中担当主、宾、表等成分，意思是“…… 的事或东西”，一般也不能用逗号和主句分割开来，插入语除外。我们还要关注 whatever 与 what 的区别，前者有两个意思——无论什么或 anything that…（任何东西），而后者只表示“…… 的事或东西”；whatever 与 no matter what 的区别在于前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导状 语从句，而后者只能引导状语从句。其他配对词的用法也是类似的。故选 D。 第二节：完形填空（共 20 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 16-35 题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。 ＂You can't make an omelet(煎蛋饼）without breaking a few eggs", meaning that it is hard to achieve something important without causing unpleasant effects.This is ___16___correct as l am going to share with you a(n) ___17___ during the last Arts Festival. As everyone was ___18___ that we had won first place in the former play competition, all wanted to join our___19___ for the upcoming Arts Fest play performance. ___20___the rule was that only seven members were allowed in the group. It was a very big___21___ as I was made the group leader. I was responsible for selecting the members. All my friends ___22___and wanted to join the group. I was really being cruel ___23___most of them to be a part of the group. The father of a friend of mine___24___called me and talked to me____25____5, insulting me. He said his child wanted to do the main ____26____As I knew that the competition would be so tough that I would have to ____27____the best students who could really act quite well. Everyone around was ____28____ with me."Oh!Don't show off. Do you really think you are ____29____?" That was what I heard and this made me really upset and I even thought of ____30____the group. Even though they all criticized me, we all ____31____practicing. At last it was the day of the play. We all did our ____32____ very well. Our play became the center of attraction. After the play everyone____33____ us. Then two days later the results were declared and our group____34____the first position. All those who criticized me started appreciating....So to conclude, to attain____35____,sometimes we have to speak impolitely or we may be separated from everyone but the result will be favorable to us all. 16. A. equally B. nearly C. partly D. perfectly 17. A. experience B. fact C. result D. truth 18. A. certain B. aware C. confident D. surprised 19. A. class B. club C. group D. circle 20. A. So B. Though C. And D. But 21. A. event B. problem C. plan D. choice 22. A. worried B. waited C. requested D. replied 23. A. refusing B. expecting C. allowing D. inviting 24. A. still B. also C. ever D. even 25. A. secretly B. politely C. rudely D. clearly 26. A. person B. character C. hero D. leader 27. A. select B. attract C. find D. recommend 28. A. satisfied B. friendly C. strict D. cross 29. A. nobody B. anybody C. somebody D. everybody 30. A. improving B. quitting C. developing D. managing 31. A. went on B. ended up C. aimed at D. got at 32. A. goals B. tasks C. jobs D. roles 33. A. helped B. congratulated C. liked D. cared 34. A. wished B. missed C. bagged D. desired 35. A. success B. opportunity C. respect D. reputation 【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. D 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。“有失才有得”。作者讲述了自己的一段经历，验证了这句话的正确。 作者是一个优秀小组的组长，负责选组员，大家都想加入这个团体，但是人数有限。作者很 烦恼，受到很多不好的待遇。但是作者坚持选择了优秀的组员，最后取得优异的成绩。通过 这件事，作者认识到“有失才有得”。 【16 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我打算与你分享去年艺术节的一段经历时，这是非常正确的。A. equally 同等地；B. nearly 几乎；差不多；C. partly 部分地；D. perfectly 完全地。根据下文的讲 述可知，作者的这段经历验证了这句话的正确。故选 D。 【17 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. experience 经历；B. fact 事实；C. result 结果；D. truth 真想。 下文讲述了作者在艺术节的一段经历。故选 A。 【18 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如同每个人都知道的我们在以前的戏剧比赛中获得了第一名， 在即将来临的艺术节表演中所有人都想加入我们组。A. certain 肯定的；B. aware 知道的；C. confident 自信的；D. surprised 吃惊的。根据下文 all wanted to join our___4___ for the upcoming Arts Fest play performance.可知，人人知道我们在以前的戏剧比赛中获得了第一名。故选 B。 【19 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. class 班；B. club 俱乐部；C. group 群；组；D. circle 圆圈。 戏剧表演应该是一个小组团队，故选 C。 【20 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是规则是，一个小组中只允许七名成员。A. So 因此；B. Though 尽管；C. And 并且；D. But 但是。上文提到大家都想加入到我们组，下文说小组只允许七名 成员。因此上下文是转折关系。故选 D。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我被选为小组领导，它是一件大问题。A. event 重大事件；B. problem 问题；难题；C. plan 计划；D. choice 选择。我是小组领导，小组仅需要七名成员，却 有许多人想要参加，因此这对作者来说是个大问题。故选 B。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有我的朋友请求，想要加入这个小组。A. worried 使担心；B. waited 等待；C. requested 请求；要求；D. replied 答复。根据 wanted to join the group 可推断，所有我 的朋友向我提出请求，加入我的小组。故选 C。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我真的很残酷，拒绝他们大部分人成为这个小组的一分子。A. refusing 拒绝；B. expecting 期待；认为；C. allowing 允许；D. inviting 邀请。小组仅需要七名 成员，作者所有的朋友都想参加，因此作者要拒绝大部分人，作者感到很残酷。故选 A。 【24 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友的父亲甚至给我打电话，粗鲁地和我交谈，侮辱我。A. still 仍旧；B. also 也；C. ever 曾经；D. even 甚至。为了加入我的小组，一个朋友的父亲甚至给我 打电话，表示递进。故选 D。 【25 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. secretly 秘密的；B. politely 礼貌地；C. rudely 粗鲁地；D. clearly 清楚地。根据下文 insulting me 可知，这位父亲和作者粗鲁地交谈。故选 C。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说他的孩子想要成为主角。A. person 个人；B. character 角色；C. hero 英雄；D. leader 领导。根据上文 we had won first place in the former play competition 可知， 这个小组表演戏剧，因此应该是想要成为主角。故选 B。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意： 因为我知道比赛会很艰难，以至于我必须选择最好的真正表演的 好的学生。A. select 选择；B. attract 吸引； C. find 发现；D. recommend 推荐。根据上文 I was responsible for selecting the members.可知，作者的戏剧小组在选择成员。故选 A。 【28 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：周围的每个人都对我发脾气。A. satisfied 满足的；B. friendly 友 好的；C. strict 严厉的；D. cross 坏脾气的；易怒的。根据下文"Oh! Don't show off. Do you really think you are ___14___?"可知，周围的人对作者发脾气。be cross with“生气；发脾气”。故选 D。 【29 题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：你真的认为你是大人物？A. nobody 小人物；无足轻重的人；B. anybody（口语）重要的人；有声名的人；平常人；C. somebody 大人物；重要的人物；D. everybody 所有人。根据上文 Oh!Don't show off.可推断，此处是斥责作者，你真的认为自己是大人物。故 选 C。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是我听到的，这让我真的烦恼，我甚至考虑退出这个小组。A. improving 提高；B. quitting 辞退；离开；C. developing 发展；D. managing 管理。根据上文 this made me really upset 可知，作者很烦恼，甚至考虑退出小组。故选 B。 【31 题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。 句意：即使我们批评我，我们大家继续练习。A. went on 继续； B. ended up 结束；最终成为；C. aimed at 以……为目标；D. got at 得到。根据 Even though they all criticized me 可知，上下文是让步关系，因此推断尽管他们都批评作者，但是作者他们继续 在练习。故选 A。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都把我们的角色做得很好。A. goals 目标；B. tasks 任务；C. jobs 工作；D. roles 角色。根据语境可知，作者这个小组要表演戏剧，因此他们都努力做好了自己 的角色。故选 D。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：戏剧表演后每个人都祝贺我们。A. helped 帮助；B. congratulated 祝贺；C. liked 喜欢；D. cared 关心。根据上文.Our play became the center of attraction.可知，作 者的戏剧成了焦点，因此大家都祝贺他们。故选 B。 【34 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，两天后，结果被宣布，我们组得了第一。A. wished 希望；B. missed 错过；C. bagged 得分；D. desired 要求。根据上文.Our play became the center of attraction. 可推断，作者的小组得了第一。故选 C。 【35 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，总的来说，为了获得成功，有时我们必须不客气地说话， 或者我们可能与每个人分开，但结果将有利于我们所有人。A. success 成功；B. opportunity 机 会；C. respect 尊重；D. reputation 声望。此处是对全文的总结。作者通过这段经历感悟到，为 了获得成功，有时候需要讲话不礼貌，或者可能与众人分离，但是是结果对大家都好。故选 A。 【点睛】形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵 循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如第 19 小题，考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，两天 后，结果被宣布，我们组得了第一。A. wished 希望；B. missed 错过；C. bagged 得分；D. desired 要求。根据上文.Our play became the center of attraction.可推断，作者的小组得了第一。故选 C。 部分：阅读理解（共 20 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 50 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A Visitor Oyster card is the cheapest way to pay for a single adult journey in London. It's a plastic smartcard.You can use it on the bus, tube, tram, DL R. London Overground and most National Rail services. It's much cheaper than buying individual tickets, in some cases costing 50%less than the price of a regular paper ticket. How to get a Visitor Oyster card You can buy a Visitor Oyster card online.Your card will be delivered by post.The card costs ￡5 and you choose how much money you want to add to the card. This means you can start using the card the moment you arrive in Central London. How does the Visitor Oyster card work? The Oyster card works on a pay-as-you-go system.You start by adding money to the card. Then you travel, the cost of the fare will automatically be deducted from your Visitor Oyster card. For example, if you add ￡20 to the card and make a tube journey of￡2.30, you will have ￡17.70 left on the card. A few more points: A child under the age of ll travels free when accompanied by an adult. You'll save more money if you use the tube several times.The Visitor Oyster card is capped at ￡6.80 per day. You'll pay more during peak times.Peak fares apply from Monday to Friday(6:30 am- 9:30 am;4:00 pm-7:00 pm).except for public holidays. Reuse the Oyster card by adding credit at a tube station,Oyster ticket shop or Visitor Centre. Receive a discount on the Thames Clippers River Bus services: 36. What can we learn about the Visitor Oyster card? A. You can't use it during public holidays. B. You can have it mailed directly to your home. C. You can get a free Oyster card if you order online. D. You can receive a 50%discount at any shop in London. 37. How much money will be deducted if you take the tube four times in a day with a Visitor Oyster card? A. ￡2.30. B. ￡3.40. C. ￡6.80. D. ￡9.20. 38. Where can you add credit to your Visitor Oyster card? A. At a tube station. B. At a bus station. C. On the Internet D. In convenience stores. 39. What does the underlined word“capped"mean in English? A. set an upper limit B. meet a deadline C. follow a principle D. prohibit visiting 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. A 39. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了伦敦的一种公交卡——游客牡蛎卡，说明了如何获得，如何使用 以及需要注意的事项。 【36 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的 Your card will be delivered by post.可知， 你可以直接要求把卡邮 寄到你的家。故选 B。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的 make a tube journey of￡ 2.30(乘坐地铁一次 2.30 英镑)和 A few more points:部分的 The Visitor Oyster card is capped"at ￡6.80 per day.可知，游客牡蛎卡的上限 是每天 6.80 英镑，因此可知，一天乘坐四次地铁将扣除 6.80 英镑。故选 C。 【38 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二句 the Oyster card by adding credit at a tube station, Oyster ticket shop or Visitor Centre.可知，牡蛎卡通过在地铁站、牡蛎票店或游客中心充值。故选 A。 【39 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上文 You'll save more money if you use the tube several times.(如果你多次使用 地铁，你会节省更多的钱。)划线句 The Visitor Oyster card is capped at ￡6.80 per day.表示：游 客牡蛎卡每天被 cap 为 6.80 英镑，可推断，cap 意思是“限定”，每天最高限额是 6.80 英镑， 因此乘坐多次地铁就节省更多的钱。故选 A。 【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文 内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同 的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或 间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语 意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。如第 2 小题，属于细节理解题，根据第三段 的 make a tube journey of￡ 2.30(乘坐地铁一次 2.30 英镑)和 A few more points:部分的 The Visitor Oyster card is capped at ￡6.80 per day.可知，游客牡蛎卡的上限是每天 6.80 英镑，因此 可知，一天乘坐四次地铁将扣除 6.80 英镑。故选 C。 B Dr.Teruo Higa was born on December 28, 1941 on Okinawa and grew up there. He studied agriculture and took his doctorate from the Agricultural Research Department of Kyushu University Graduate School. He became a lecturer in 1970 and has been professor of horticulture since 1982. Dr.Higa is famous for creating EM technology.He created EM technology in order to address the problem of excess wastes and bad farming techniques in the present-day world. EM stands for effective microorganisms. It is a multi-culture of coexisting anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms. Microorganisms are the smallest complete units of life. They can exist independent of a bigger organism. Bacteria are considered microorganisms. They are constantly at work, some helping bigger organisms,and others bringing decay and bad health. These opposing processes of constructive and destructive forces are always ongoing, creating a balance. If the balance tips towards the destructive side, the host organism grows ill. lf it tips towards the constructive side, the organism experiences good health. These organisms can be used in farming to create a good growing environment for all kinds of crops and animals. The process involves collecting human and animal waste products such as kitchen garbage and manure. This is then sealed into a barrel along with a certain amount of EM powder. The microorganisms then turn the waste into mulch, which acts as a great source of nutrients for crops and animals. Rice paddies that are treated with EM produce harvests that are much bigger than those of conventional farms. Moreover, EM rice paddies require less tilling and weeding than other paddies. Dr.Teruo Higa's ideas have caught on around the world. One of his biggest successes was in North Korea, where his technology was used to create a record-breaking crop yield. EM helped many crops, such as corn, Welsh onions and Chinese cabbages in North Korea. For the impoverished nation, this was a godsend. 40. Why is Dr.Teruo Higa famous? A. He is a professor of horticulture. B. He created EM technology. C. He started making too much waste. D. He is a great farmer. 41. Which of the following best describe microorganisms? A. The smallest complete units of life. B. Something that causes bad health. C. Necessary for good health. D. An unimportant part of farming. 42. What do microorganisms do in the EM process? A. They destroy waste products. B. They cause ill health. C. They turn waste into a useful mulch. D. They decrease the size of harvests. 43. What happened into North Korea? A. It was a rich country. B. They decided not to use EM technology. C. Dr.Higa was not invited to the country. D. EM technology led to a record-breaking harvest. 44. What does the underlined word"impoverished"mean in English? A. Rich. B. Poor. C. Far away D. Large. 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了 Teruo Higa 博士的生平事迹。他创造了 EM 技术，解决了当今世 界多余的废物和不良的农业技术问题。 【40 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的 Dr.Higa is famous for creating EM technology.可知，Teruo Higa 创造 了电磁技术，并为之出名。故选 B。 【41 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的 Microorganisms are the smallest complete units of life.可知，微生物 是是生命中最小的完整单位。故选 A。 【42 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的 The microorganisms then turn the waste into mulch 可知，微生物把 废物变成覆盖层。故选 C。 【43 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第一段的 Dr.Teruo Higa's ideas have caught on around the world. One of his biggest successes was in North Korea, where his technology was used to create a record-breaking crop yield.(泰罗·伊加博士的想法在世界各地流行起来。他最大的成功之一是在朝鲜，在那里 他的技术被用来创造了创纪录的作物产量)可知，在朝鲜，EM 科技促成了创纪录的丰收。故 选 D。 【44 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上文 One of his biggest successes was in North Korea, where his technology was used to create a record-breaking crop yield.可知，EM 科技在朝鲜使用，创造创纪录的收成，结 合下文 this was a godsend(这是意外的好运)， 可推断，这个好收成对朝鲜有非常大的好处，因 此这是一个比较贫穷的国家，划线词与 poor 意思相近。故选 B。 C There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine(内燃机）has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons(活塞）being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer's impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy.For computer literacy is not a form of literacy(读写能力）; it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art. Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one.Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making. Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more "user-friendly". Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase learning to use a computer mean? It sounds like "learning to drive a car", that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer. In fact,"learning to use a computer"is much more like"learning to play a game", but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game,whose rules may not be the same.There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished. 45. To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should_____. A. try to lay a solid foundation in computer science B. be aware of how the things that they use do what they do C. learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills D. understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car 46. In Para2 "auto repair" and “violin-making" are mentioned to show that_______. A. programming a computer is as interesting as making a violin B. people who can use a computer don't necessarily have to know computer programming C. violin making requires as much skill as computer programming D. our society needs experts in different fields 47. Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because______. A. programs are designed to be convenient to users B. programs are becoming less complicated C. programming is becoming easier and easier D. programs are becoming readily available to computer users 48. According to the author,the phrase "learning to use a computer" in Para.3 means learning_____. A. a set of rules B. the fundamentals of computer science C. specific programs D. general principles of programming 49. The author's purpose in writing this passage is______. A. to stress the impact of the computer on society B. to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job C. to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrow D. to explain the concept of computer literacy 【答案】45. C 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。本文围绕学生应如何学习计算机，阐述计算机能力的概念。讲述学习如 何使用计算机和学习如何编程是两个不同的活动。学习如何使用计算机知识学习这个程序， 随着程序改进会变得越来越容易。 【45 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第 2 段的 A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers.提到未来有能力的人应该从恐惧中解脱出来，第 3 段的 It sounds like" learning to drive a car", that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.则提到学习计算机则就像是“学开车”一样，只 要掌握某套技能即可，故可知想要成为明天有能力的公民只需要通过掌握技能学习计算机即 可，而不必学习编程，故 C 正确。 【46 题详解】 推理判断题。在第 2 段中的 But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one.，作者强调一般人只需学会使用计算机，而不必学会编程，最后 the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.指出这与“汽车修理”和“小提琴制作”一样，可见作者提到 “汽车修理”(类似一般人使用计算机）和“小提琴创作”（类似于电脑专业人员编程)是为了 说明上文的观点：能使用计算机的人不必知道计算机编程，故 B 正确。 【47 题详解】 细节理解题。跟第 3 段首句 Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more "user-friendly".(学习如何使用计算机并不难，而且随着程序变 得更加“用户友好”，它会变得越来越容易”)可知，学习使用计算机越来越容易的原因是计 算机编程变得更 user-friendly, A 项中的 convenient to users 与此相符，故选 A。 【48 题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第 4 段的 In fact, "learning to use a computer" is much more like "learning to play a game", but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same.(事实上，“学会使用电脑”更像是“学会玩游戏”，但学习一个游戏的规则可 能不会帮助你玩第二个规则可能不一样的游戏。)结合下文 One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.(一个人只能教人们使用这个或那个程 序，一般来说，这是很容易完成的。)可推断，教人学习使用计算机就是教人 use this or that program，故 C 与此相符。故选 C。 【49 题详解】 推理判断题。本文围绕如何学习计算机，阐述计算机能力(computer literacy)的概念；它只是一 种技能，故 B 正确。A、C、D 均只是利用文中的片言只语拼凑而成的干扰项，不足以概括文 章大意。故选 D。 【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得 到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是 某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某 一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。例如小题 2，在第 2 段中的 But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one.，作者强调一般人只需学会使用计算机， 而不必学会编程，最后 the same is true of auto repair and violin-making.指出这与“汽车修理”和 “小提琴制作”一样，可见作者提到“汽车修理”(类似一般人使用计算机）和“小提琴创作” （类似于电脑专业人员编程)是为了说明上文的观点：能使用计算机的人不必知道计算机编程， 故 B 正确。 D An introduction to this book is as superfluous as a candle in front of a powerful searchlight. But a convention of publishing seems to require that the candle should be there, and I am proud to be the one to hold it. About ten years ago I picked up from the pile of new books on my desk a copy of Sons and Lovers by a man of whom I had never heard, and I started to race through it with the immoral speed of the professional reviewer. But after a page or two I found myself reading, really reading. Here was—here is—a masterpiece in which every sentence counts, a book packed with significant thought and beautiful, arresting phrases, the work of a remarkable genius whose gifts are more richly various than those of any other young English novelist. To appreciate the rich variety of Mr. Lawrence we must read his later novels and his volumes of poetry. But Sons and Lovers reveals the range of his power. Here are combined and blended(混合的) sort of “realism” and almost lyric(抒情的) imagery and rhythm. The speech of the people is that of daily life and the things that happen to them are normal adventures and accidents; they fall in love, marry, work, fail, succeed, and die. But of their deeper emotions and of the relations of these little human beings to the earth and to the stars, Mr. Lawrence makes something near to poetry and prose(散文) without violating its proper “other harmony.” Take the marvellous paragraph on next to the last page of Sons and Lovers (Mr. Lawrence depends so little on plot in the ordinary sense of the word that it is perfectly fair to read the end of his book first): Where was he? One tiny upright speck of flesh, less than an ear of wheat lost in the field. He could not bear it. On every side the immense dark silence seemed pressing him, so tiny a spark, into extinction, and yet, almost nothing, he could not be extinct. Night, in which everything was lost, went reaching out, beyond stars and sun, stars and sun, a few bright grains, went spinning round for terror, and holding each other in embrace, there in the darkness that outpassed them all, and left them tiny and daunted(气馁). So much, and himself, infinitesimal, at the core a nothingness, and yet not nothing. Such glorious writing lifts the book far above a novel which is merely a story. I beg the reader to attend to every line of it and not to miss a single one of the many sentences that await and surprise you. Some are enthusiastic and impressive, like the paragraph above; others are keen, “realistic” observations of things and people. In one of his books Mr. Lawrence makes a character say, or think, that life is “mixed.” That indicates his philosophy and his method. He blends the accurately literal and trivial(琐碎的) with the extremely poetic. To find a similar blending of tiny daily detail and wide imaginative vision, we must go back to two older novelists, Hardy and Meredith. I do not mean that Mr. Lawrence derives(源于) immediately from them or, indeed, that he is clearly the disciple(弟子) of any master. I do feel simply that he is of the elder stature(名望) of Hardy and Meredith, and I know of no other young novelist who is quite worthy of their company. When I first tried to express this comparison, this connection, I was contradicted by a fellow-critic, who pointed out that Meredith and Hardy are entirely unlike each other and that therefore Mr. Lawrence cannot resemble both. To be sure, nothing is more hateful than forced comparisons, nothing more boring than to discover parallels between one work of art and another. An artist’s mastery consists in his difference from other masters. But to refer a young man of genius to an older one, at the same time pronouncing his independence and originality, is a fair, if not very superior, method of praising him. 50 The underlined word “superfluous” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______. A. meaningful B. unnecessary C. fundamental D. unbelievable 51. What is typical of Lawrence’s works? A. They equally reveal his genius power. B. They contain lots of great lyric poetry. C. They present some real living situations. D. They focus on relations between humans. 52. What does the author want to illustrate by including one paragraph from Sons and Lovers? A. The plot of the novel has little to do with daily life. B. It is wise to read Lawrence’s books from the end. C. Lawrence is capable of telling good stories. D. The language in Lawrence’s books is elegant. 53. Who were Hardy and Meredith? A. They taught Lawrence literature when he was young. B. They were the realistic novelists of Lawrence’s time. C. They were novelists who resemble each other in writing. D. They were novelists combining details with imagination. 54. According to the author, what does an artist’s mastery mean? A. He must have personal diversity. B. He must have the critical spirits. C. He must be happy to be compared. D. He must be a man of genius. 55. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To introduce Lawrence’s novel Sons and Lovers. B. To show his experiences of reading classics. C. To analyze Lawrence’s writing characteristics. D. To compare the styles of different novelists. 【答案】50. B 51. C 52. D 53. D 54. A 55. C 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文，以劳伦斯的作品《儿子和爱人》为例介绍了劳伦斯的作品的特点——在 不破坏诗歌和散文的和谐的前提下，使其更接近诗歌和散文，内容还展示了一些真实的生活 场景，同时作者还指出一个艺术家的才能在于具有个人的多样性。 【50 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“as a candle in front of a powerful searchlight.”可知，一本书的 序言就像强光探照灯前的蜡烛一样多余，由此可知画线词词义为“没必要的”，故 B 项正确。 【51 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The speech of the people is that of daily life and the things that happen to them are normal adventures and accidents”可知，劳伦斯作品中人物的语言是日常生活 用语，发生在她们身上的也都是日常生活中的经历，也就是展示了一些真实的生活场景，故 C 项正确。 【52 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Mr. Lawrence makes something near to poetry and prose(散文) without violating its proper “other harmony.””可知，劳伦斯在不破坏诗歌和散文的和谐的前提 下，使他的作品更接近诗歌和散文，语言很优美，作者举《儿子和爱人》中的一段为例就是 为了证明这一点，故 D 项正确。 【53 题详解】 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 最 后 一 段 中 的“To find a similar blending of tiny daily detail and wide imaginative vision, we must go back to two older novelists, Hardy and Meredith.”可知，为了找到 将生活中的细节和想象结合起来的作品，我们必须求助于两位更年长的小说家 Hardy 和 Meredith，由此可知他俩都是将生活中的细节和想象结合起来的小说家，故 D 项正确。 【54 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 最 后 一 段 中 的“An artist’s mastery consists in his difference from other masters.”可知，作者认为一个艺术家的才能在于他必须与其他的大师的不同，也就是具有个 人的多样性，故 A 项正确。 【55 题详解】 作者意图题。通读全文可知，这篇文章以劳伦斯的作品《儿子和爱人》为例介绍了劳伦斯的 作品的特点——在不破坏诗歌和散文的和谐的前提下，使其更接近诗歌和散文，内容还展示 了一些真实的生活场景，故 C 项正确。 【点睛】作者意图题的难度较大，需要根据文章主旨来把握作者意图，例如本篇第 6 题，通 读全文可知，这篇文章以劳伦斯的作品《儿子和爱人》为例介绍了劳伦斯的作品的特点—— 在不破坏诗歌和散文的和谐的前提下，使其更接近诗歌和散文，同时他的作品还展示了一些 真实的生活场景。 第 II 卷（非选择题 共 35 分） 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 阅读表达（共 5 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 阅读短文，并按题目要求用英语回答问题。 Since the mid-1980s,the Aluminum Cans for Burned Children Burn Camp has been offering children with burn sears a week of relief."They have a lot of emotional things that they go through,trying to fit back in with society with their scars,"said Becky Mundy.burn center education coordinator at Akron Children's Hospital. The camp typically has around 15 campers.Many are repeat customers,and most were treated at Akron Children's Hospital or began coming after they moved to the area.The camp is free to campers and is funded by an organization named Aluminum Cans for Burned Children which raises money for burn survivors and their families. The Thursday of the camp week is Fire Truck Day,when dozens of local fire trucks arrive, along with camp alumni(校友），doctors and nurses,and family members.Campers get to see fire vehicles up close and interact with the firefighters. Sometimes,they are the very ones who rescued the campers,months or years earlier.It is,they say,a bond that never goes away.But Fire Truck Day contributes in another way,allowing them to see each other in a different light. Memories of a bad fire can be unforgettable.Nearly two years ago,Pazdernik carried an injured girl out of a burning house in which her parents perished,and later the girl was adopted by a kind family. On Fire Truck Day,Pazdernik got to see the girl he saved,Shaniya Simpson.She shared a hug with the firefighters who had rescued her.and said it was good to see them. ＂I think it helps her heal,"said Kim Canterbury,who was Shaniya's teacher at the time of the fire."Just by saying thank you." It was good for Pazdernik,too."To see her go on with life and be happy,you're able to see that you had an impact on her,"he said."lt's definitely a lot more fulfilling." 56. Which kind of children does the camp work for?(no more than 5 words) 57. Who provides financial support for the camp?(no more than 10 words) 58. Why does Fire Truck Day have special meaning to both firefighters and the campers?（no more than 15 words) 59. What does the underlined word"perished"in Paragraph 5 mean?(only I word) 60. If you are to be a volunteer of the camp,what will you do to help the campers?（no more than 25 words) 【答案】56. Children with burn scars. 57. An organization named Aluminum Cans for Burned Children. Or:Aluminum Cans for Burned Children. 58. Because it allows them to see each other in a different light. 59. Died. 60. I'll treat the poor children like my own brothers and sisters and try my best to help them fit back in with society. 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了为烧伤儿童提供救济的一个营地——the Aluminum Cans for Burned Children Burn Camp。 【56 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的 Since the mid-1980s,the Aluminum Cans for Burned Children Burn Camp has been offering children with burn scars a week of relief.(自 20 世纪 80 年代中期以来，the Aluminum Cans for Burned Children Burn Camp 一直为有烧伤疤痕的儿童提供一个星期的抚 慰。)可知，这个营地为烧伤的孩子服务。根据字数，故答案为：Children with burn scars. 【57 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的 The camp is free to campers and is funded by an organization named Aluminum Cans for Burned Children which raises money for burn survivors and their families.(该营 地对露营者是免费的，由一个名为“烧伤儿童铝罐”的组织资助，该组织为烧伤幸存者及其 家人筹集资金。)可知，夏令营的经济资助来自一个名为“烧伤儿童铝罐”的组织.,根据字数, 故答案为：An organization named Aluminum Cans for Burned Children. Or: Aluminum Cans for Burned Children. 【58 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的 But Fire Truck Day contributes in another way, allowing them to see each other in a different light.可知，但消防车日以另一种方式做出了贡献，使他们能够在不同的 光线下看到对方。因此可知，消防日对于消防员和营员们都是特殊的是因为他们可以在不同 的光线下看到彼此。根据字数，故答案为:Because it allows them to see each other in a different light. 【59 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据下文 later the girl was adopted by a kind family.可知，这个女孩被收养了，因 此推断她的父母在大火中死了。故划线词词义与 die 同义。故答案为 die。 【60 题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，这个营地里都是一些被火烧伤的可怜的孩子，因此，作为夏令 营的志愿者，应该给予他们关心爱护，像对待自己的兄弟姊妹一样对待他们，竭尽全力给予 他们帮助，让他们尽快回到社会中去。故答案为：I'll treat the poor children like my own brothers and sisters and try my best to help them fit back in with society. 第二节 书面表达 61.假如你是李津，你的英语笔友 Jenny 非常关注天津的新冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19)疫情， 她来信询问你的健康和高考备考情况，请你回复邮件。 内容要点： 1. 表示感谢； 2.复课开学（4 月 20 日）： 3. 空中课堂（Air Class): 4.人生感悟。 注意：邮件不少于 100 词。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Jenny, Knowing you are concerned about my health and preparations for college entrance exam,I'm writing to share with you some relevant information. For a start,I am delighted to tell you that we have been back to school since April 20.However,to make full use of our limited time,our school had been providing us with Air Class before that,which definitely assisted me a lot in my studies.However,we are really excited and thankful to go back to school.Even though having to wear masks and wash our hands regularly to pay special attention to personal hygiene,we especially treasure the time in class and all of us get greatly inspired by my country's unity and feel more prepared for the College Entrance Exam.We firmly believe that we can devote ourselves to our dream no matter where we are and how difficult the obstacle we are facing is. Ultimately,thank you for your concern again. Looking forward to your earliest response. Yours, Li Jin 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于提纲类作文。 【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，假如你是李津，你的英语笔友 Jenny 非常关注天津的新冠 状病毒肺炎（COVID-19)疫情，她来信询问你的健康和高考备考情况，请你回复邮件。内容要 点：1.表示感谢；2.复课开学（4 月 20 日）;3. 空中课堂（Air Class); 4.人生感悟。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：concern about，relevant information，back to school， make full use of ,provide...with...,wear masks, wash hands, person hygiene prepare for，devote oneself to 等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表 达方式，如 Knowing you are concerned about my health and preparations for college entrance exam, I'm writing to share with you some relevant information 使用了现在分词短语；However, to make full use of our limited time, our school had been providing us with Air Class before that, which definitely assisted me a lot in my studies.使用了不定式做目的状语和 which 引导的非限制性定语 从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、 层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。