吉林省东北师大附中2021届高三上学期第二次摸底英语试题 Word版含解析

吉林省东北师大附中2021届高三上学期第二次摸底英语试题 Word版含解析

东北师大附中 2018 级 高三年级第二次摸底考试（英语）学科试题 第一部分 听力 该部分分为第一、第二两节。注意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。 听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。 第一节 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读 下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How much should the man pay in total? A.$100. B. $110. C.$115. 2. When does the conversation take place? A. At 5:30. B. At 6:00. C. At 6:30. 3. Where will the speakers have their picnic? A. On a rock. B. On the grass. C. In a boat. 4. Why does the girl talk with the man? A. To send an invitation. B. To seek for help. C. To ask for permission. 5. What are the speakers talking about? A. The woman’s family. B. A trip. C. A picture. 第二节 听下面 5 段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、 C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你 将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答 时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. What does the woman want the man to do? A. Show the new students around. B. Work part-time after class. C. Attend a Students’ Union meeting. 7. Who will probably get in touch with the man later? A. Betty. B. Ken. C. Ruth. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。 8. What happened to the man? A. He got hurt. B. He lost his car. C. He had an accident. 9. What is the man going to do? A. Go for a business trip. B. Tell his father the truth. C. Visit some friends. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Husband and wife. C. Intervicwer and intervicwee. 11. Why does the woman want to change her present job? A. It’s difficult. B. It offers a low pay. C. It requires long working time. 12. What will the woman do next? A. Go home. B. Leave for work. C. Buy some bread. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. Why did some kids feel unhappy at first? A. They didn’t get used to the new environment. B. They weren’t willing to attend the trip. C. They thought the trip would be boring. 14. How did the children feel about the guide? A. Bored. B. Satisfied. C. Disappointed. 15. What was the children’s favourite activity? A. Sailing. B. Horse- riding. C. Barbecuing. 16. What is said about the children? A. They had known each other before. B. They wanted to get together again. C. They were all homesick at first. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. What do we know about the baby? A. It was kidnapped. B. It escaped. C. It had a rare disease. 18. What do we learn about“free milk” programme? A. It has been canceled. B. It is going quite well at the moment. C. It offered all students milk from primary school to high school. 19. What will a sale be held for? A. Selling some milk. B. Learning some skills. C. Raising money for a library. 20. What will tomorrow’s weather be like? A. It will be sunny. B. It will be wet and hot. C. The pollution will be light. 第二部分 阅读理解 第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Gone are the days when being vegan(素食) meant settling for a sad-looking salad on the menu and not much else. As more people have embraced(欣然接受) a cruelty-free, plant-based diet, the variety on offer has skyrocketed. From fine dining to street food, vegan options are everywhere. Perhaps best of all, creative bakeries have popped up to meet demand, offering amazing treats that are delicious on top of being vegan. You certainly don’t need to be vegan to appreciate the mouth-watering options on offer at these fabulous and fearless bakeries - absolutely everyone can appreciate their cakes, cookies and more. Peacefood Cafe - New York City, New York A deliciously sweet menu that nourishes(滋养) your mind and body? Yes, please! If you’ re looking for a sweet treat in the Big Apple, you really can’t go past the peaceful, sugary oasis that is the Peacefood bakery and cafe. Just try to resist the temptation of all those vegan doughnuts, pies and cakes. Go on; we dare you! If you’ve got more willpower than us, they also do simple meals, too. Address: 460 Amsterdam Ave, New York, New York 10024 Dulce Vegan Bakery & Cafe - Atlanta, Georgia There’s something the south always brings to the table, freshly baked cakes - and that includes vegan cakes, too. Just take the mouth-wateringly delicious options on offer at Dulce Vegan Bakery in Atlanta, Georgia. The menu changes occasionally to take advantage of the best produce, but it’s always sugar-free and utterly delicious. The lemon raspberry cake is a particular treat. Check out our post about other great Atlanta eats. Address: 1994 Hosea L Williams Dr NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30317 Capital City Bakery - Austin, Texas They say everything is bigger in Texas - and Capital City Bakery has clearly gone one better with their fabulous vegan bakery. Not only are their delicious treats cruelty-free, but they’re also environmentally sustainable —even their cake boxes are locally sourced and recycled. Head down to check out their yummy offerings. And with the good they do for the planet, it’s (almost) guilt-free! Address: 2211 E Cesar Chavez St, Austin, Texas 78702 Pixie Retreat - Portland, Oregon Anyone who says vegan food is boring clearly hasn’t set foot in the wonderland that is Pixie Retreat. Calling itself a “laboratorie and makery,” you just know it’s going to be good (and creative). Pixie Retreat certainly delivers - the desserts are the stuff sweet dreams (and dentists’ nightmares) are made of. The chocolate chip cookie dough with almond milk is basically happiness in a cup. So, grab a few friends and head down to find out what all the fuss is about. You certainly don’t need to be vegan to be won over by this all-around awesomeness. Address: 236 N Larchmont BIvd, Los Angeles, California, 90004 As you can see, if you desire something sweet and vegan, there are options all over the country! The only problem is deciding what you’ll try first! 1. Where can you always find a sugar-free menu? A. Peacefood Cafe. B. Dulee Vegan Bakery & Cafe. C. Capital City Bakery. D. Pixic Retreat. 2. What’s special about Capital City Bakery? A. It uses the best produce. B. Its menu varies from season to season. C. Its treats are environmentally friendly. D. It has other delicious offerings. 3. If you are fed up with boring vegan food, which address had you better try? A. 236 N Larchmont Blvd, Los Angeles, California, 90004. B. 460 Amsterdam Ave, New York, New York 10024. C. 2211 E Cesar Chavez St, Austin, Texas 78702. D. 1994 Hosea L Williams Dr NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30317. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四家提供素食食品的店铺，介绍了其各自的特色和地址等 信息。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Dulce Vegan Bakery & Cafe - Atlanta, Georgia 部分中“The menu changes occasionally to take advantage of the best produce, but it’s always sugar-free and utterly delicious.( 为了利用最好的农产品，菜单偶尔会改变，但它总是无糖的，绝对美味)”可知， 在 Dulee Vegan Bakery & Cafe 能找到无糖菜单。故选 B。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Capital City Bakery - Austin, Texas 部分中“Not only are their delicious treats cruelty-free, but they’re also environmentally sustainable —even their cake boxes are locally sourced and recycled.(他们美味的食物不仅没有进行动物实验，而且环保可持续——甚至他们 的蛋糕盒都是本地采购和回收的)”可知，Capital City Bakery 的特别之处在于它的食物是环 保的。故选 C。 【3 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 Pixie Retreat - Portland, Oregon 部分中 “Anyone who says vegan food is boring clearly hasn’t set foot in the wonderland that is Pixie Retreat. Calling itself a “laboratorie and makery,” you just know it’s going to be good (and creative).；Address: 236 N Larchmont BIvd, Los Angeles, California, 90004(任何说素食无趣的人显然都没有踏足这个仙境——Pixie Retreat。它称自己为“实验室和制作室”，你会知道它很好吃而且有创意；地址：236 N Larchmont Blvd, Los Angeles, California, 90004)”可知，如果你厌倦了乏味的素食，你最好尝 试 236 N Larchmont Blvd, Los Angeles, California, 90004。故选 A。 B “Can’t stop loving you ...” My 3-year-old son was singing along with Phil Collins from his car seat. But I was not in the mood to sing along. My manager at the biotech company where I had been working for a bit more than a year had just told me that, in spite of my excellent performance, he did not foresee giving me more responsibilities in the near future. I was working part time so that I could spend more time with my young children, and he believed the career growth I sought required a full-time employee. The message hit me hard. But it brought on a change that, in the end, taught me the power of embracing opportunities, no matter where they come from. My manager’s decision planted a seed of self-doubt. Was he right? Was I asking for too much? But I reminded myself that I had already proved I could be an effective scientist on a part-time schedule. A friend suggested that I reach out to senior managers about opportunities in other departments. At first, I resolutely rejected that idea. Didn’t he understand? I wanted to work on antibodies and nothing but antibodies! That was what I knew, where I felt I could add the most value. And yet, I did not want to leave this cool company just because of one unsupportive manager. With little expectation that it would lead anywhere, I approached the three senior managers. One did not respond. One had nothing to offer. The third invited me to chat. He patiently listened to my story, asked what I was looking for, and then—in the blink of an eye—told me that I was welcome to join him in building a vaeeine research unit. I told him I knew nothing about vaccines, but he waved nonchalantly (不以为意地) and said, “You will learn. You are smart and willing to work hard. You will make it.” This comfort was exactly what I had been looking for, but I was still shaken by my manager’s lack of confidence in me. Could I really handle a high-responsibility role in a completely new field? A few sleepless nights later, I decided that taking a chance on the unknown was better than staying in a position that made me miserable. The worst thing thal could happen was that I would fail. But I already felt like a failure, so why not try it? I soon discovered a new passion. My career path within the company opened up. I took on more responsibilities, developed new skills, expanded my scientific horizons, worked with great people, and led fantastic projects—all because of a change that had felt foreed on me. It had pushed me further than I was willing to go, further than I thought I could cope with, and taught me that when I step out of my comfort zone, I find my most creative, productive self. 4. The manager disagreed with the author on . A. whether she was effective B. whether she was responsible C. whether she should work part time D. whether she could perform well 5. What can we learn about the author in paragraph 2? A. She was in a dilemma. B. She hated the manager. C. She didn’t follow her friend’s advice. D. She filed a complaint to senior managers. 6. What was the third senior manager’s attitude to the author? A. Confident. B. Skeptical. C. Impatient. D. Indifferent. 7. What can we learn from the passage? A. We should work full time. B. We should challenge the authority. C. We should be academically motivated. D. We should embrace opportunities. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者做兼职是为了有更多的时间陪孩子，经理却认为这份 职业发展需要一名全职员工。在这个消息给了作者沉重的打击之后，一位朋友建议作者向高 层管理者了解其他部门的机会。尽管陷入两难境地，但也带来了改变，一位高管给与了作者 新的工作机会和信心，这最终教会了作者要拥抱机遇的力量。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“I was working part time so that I could spend more time with my young children, and he believed the career growth I sought required a full-time employee.(我做兼职是为了有更多的时间陪伴我年幼的孩子，他认为我寻求的职业发展需要 一个全职员工。)”可知，作者做兼职是为了孩子，而经理则认为这份工作需要一个全职员 工，由此可知，经理跟作者之间的分歧在于她是否应该兼职。故选 C 项。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段末尾内容“ I wanted to work on antibodies and nothing but antibodies!That was what I knew, where I felt I could add the most value. And yet, I did not want to leave this cool company just because of one unsupportive manager.(我想做抗体方面的工作， 除了抗体什么都不想做!这就是我所知道的，我觉得我可以增加最大的价值。然而，我不想 因为一个不支持我的经理而离开这家酷公司。)”可知，作者想追求自己喜欢的领域增加最 大的价值，又不想离开这家公司，由此可推知，作者陷入了两难的境地。故选 A 项。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第三位高管与作者的交谈内容“You will learn. You are smart and willing to work hard. You will make it.(你会学习。你很聪明，愿意努力工作。你会成功 的。)”可推知，第三位高管对于作者的态度是有信心的。故选 A 项。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章第一段“but”转折句应是文章主旨句，“But it brought on a change that, in the end, taught me the power of embracing opportunities, no matter where they come from.(但它带来了改变，最终教会了我拥抱机遇的力量，无论机遇来自何 方。)”，由此推知，D 项“We should embrace opportunities.( 我们应该拥抱机会。)”应是 贴合文章主旨的合理推断，是能从文章中理解出的道理。故选 D 项。 C The new year is the moment when people vow to improve their fitness. They join gyms, swear off alcohol and adopt healthier diets. These resolutions usually do not last beyond January. But some employers try to help their workers stick to their goals by offering “wellness” programmes. One of the longest- running examples began in 1979 at Johnson & Johnson (j&j), an American health-care company.The plan promotes weight loss, smoking quitting and efforts to reduce blood pressure. The firm claims it reduced medical costs by $400 an employee per year, and resulted in fewer workers suffering from heart disease or high blood pressure. Yet an examination of the data by Martin Cherniack of the University of Connecticut found that in 2005-08, a sharp jump in alcohol use, depression and stress among j&j employees occurred .This coincided with a period when the firm had a target of lifting productivity by 9% a year. So the employees may have been fitter, but it is possible that workplace pressure to produce more meant greater stress. All this suggests that employee well-being is a rather more complex topic than can be tackled(应对) by a programme devoted to exercise and healthy living. A study by Rand Europe, a research institute, found that obvious bad habits such as smoking and high alcohol use were in fact not associated with lower productivity, while obese workers were no more likely to take time off than anyone else. The biggest productivity problems were associated with lack of sleep, financial concerns and mental-health issues-factors that may well be directly linked to work-related stress. It seems reasonable for companies to expect some level of economies return on any wellness programme that they provide. But the trade-off should not be too blatant. Making employees fitter so you can work them a lot harder seems rather like drilling your infantry(野战军) on a course before sending them to face the machine guns. A better impact on morale (and thus productivity) might occur if workers felt that their managers had a genuine interest in their welfare. 8. What can we learn from the example of Johnson & Johnson? A. A healthy lifestyle contributes to higher productivity. B. A wellness program alone can’t achieve the desired effect. C. Caring for employees’ physical health is of great importance. D. A health program benefits both the company and the employees. 9. What does the study by Rand Europe indicate? A. Certain living habits help improve motivation. B. Work-related pressure is to blame for low productivity. C. Financial concerns have nothing to do with productivity. D. Obesity is associated with lower attendance in the workplace. 10. What does the underlined word “blatant” mean? A. Obvious. B. Effective. C. Challenging. D. Flexible. 11. What’s the purpose of this text? A. To compare various factors affecting productivity. B. To introduce a new way of increasing productivity. C. To appeal to employers to improve their health care program. D. To question some seemingly effective practice in business management. 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. A 11. D 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述一些企业为了能够提高员工的生产率，制定一些看似有效的计 划，实际上并没有从根本上解决员工的工作压力，不会起到作用。 【8 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句 “So the employees may have been fitter, but it is possible that workplace pressure to produce more meant greater stress.” 因此，员工可能更健康了，但工 作场所产生更多压力也可能意味着更大的压力。和第四段第一句“All this suggests that employee well-being is a rather more complex topic than can be tackled(应对) by a programme devoted to exercise and healthy living.” 所有这些都表明，员工福祉是一个相当复杂的话题， 而不是一个致力于锻炼和健康生活的项目所能解决的。强生的例子表明这项计划并没有提高 公司的生产力。由此可推断，强生的例子表明了一项健康计划本身并不能达到预期的效果。 故选 B。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段 “A study by Rand Europe, … The biggest productivity problems were associated with lack of sleep, financial concerns and mental-health issues-factors that may well be directly linked to work-related stress.” 研究机构兰德欧洲智囊团的一项研究发现，明显的坏习 惯如抽烟和酗酒，其实和生产力低并无关联，而肥胖的员工休息的时间并不比其他人多。最 大的生产力问题和缺乏睡眠经济情况以及精神健康问题——这些和工作压力直接挂钩的因 素相关。由此可知，与工作相关的压力会导致生产力下降。故选 B。 【10 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据上文“It seems reasonable for companies to expect some level of economies return on any wellness programme that they provide.” 公司期望他们提供的任何健康计划都能 带来一定程度的经济回报，这似乎是合理的。下句但是表示转折，由此推断 blatant 应为明 目张胆的，和 obvious 明显的，意思相近，故选 A。 【11 题详解】 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 最 后 一 段 “It seems reasonable for companies to expect some level of economies return on any wellness programme that they provide. … A better impact on morale (and thus productivity) might occur if workers felt that their managers had a genuine interest in their welfare.” 公司想从他们提供的健康项目中获取一定程度的经济回报，这似乎合情合理。 但是这种交换不应该太过明目张胆。让员工们更加健康，这样你就能让他们更努力的工作这 似乎很像是在野战训练场上训练你的步兵，然后把他们送去面对机关枪。如果员工们感到管 理者真正关心他们的福利，那么这对鼓舞士气（以及对生产力）会有更好的影响。以及强生 公司的例子都在说明企业的一些计划可能不会提高员工的生产率，因此推断作者写这篇文章 的目的就是质疑商业管理中一些看似有效的做法。故选 D。 【点睛】推理判断题的推断对象主要包括隐含意思、目标读者、观点态度、文章出处、写作 意图等。以推断隐含意义的题目居多。推断隐含意义，即要求根据文章的某个句子、段落或 全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到、没有明说或者可能发生的事实。题 干中常含 infer（推断），suggest（暗示），imply（暗示），indicate（暗示），conclude（推断， 得出结论）等词语。解此类题，首先找到相关信息，然后细读、理解相关信息的字面意义， 最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。 如小题 4，推理判断题。根据最后一段“It seems reasonable for companies to expect some level of economies return on any wellness programme that they provide. … A better impact on morale (and thus productivity) might occur if workers felt that their managers had a genuine interest in their welfare.” 公司想从他们提供的健康项目中获取一定程度的经济回报，这似乎合情合理。 但是这种交换不应该太过明目张胆。让员工们更加健康，这样你就能让他们更努力的工作这 似乎很像是在野战训练场上训练你的步兵，然后把他们送去面对机关枪。如果员工们感到管 理者真正关心他们的福利，那么这对鼓舞士气（以及对生产力）会有更好的影响。以及强生 公司的例子都在说明企业的一些计划可能不会提高员工的生产率，因此推断作者写这篇文章 的目的就是质疑商业管理中一些看似有效的做法。故选 D。 D The term modern art sounds like it means art that is popular at the moment, but in fact, modern art is a style that originated over 150 years ago, and includes artists that by now have attained classic status, such as Picasso, Matisse, and Gauguin. And what’s even more ironic (讽刺 的) is that the movement they pioneered, considered revolutionary at the time, was inspired largely by an object of a traditional and ancient design. As far back as the Renaissance, the primary European art movements emphasized conventional representation and adherence (遵循) to classical forms. But that began to change in the late 19th century as artists like Van Gogh and Cezanne expanded the boundaries of painting. Soon, a movement arose that sought to create an entirely new style of art, and one way of doing so was to look beyond Western civilization. Henri Matisse showed his friend Picasso a mask he had acquired made by the Dan tribe of the Ivory Coast. The mask awoke Picasso’s curiosity, leading him to visit the Trocadero Ethnographic Museum in Paris in 1907. The visit was eye-opening for Picasso, who declared that African masks were what painting was all about. At this time, Picasso had been working on a painting of five naked women in a style that would later come to be known as Cubism. And while three of these ladies show facial features found in ancient Iberian art, a nod to Picasso’s Spanish heritage, the faces of the two on the right closely resemble African masks. Created in 1907 after hundreds of sketches and studies, “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon” has been considered the first truly 20th century masterpiece, breaking with many previously held notions in art. Inspiration from ancient cultures started one of the most revolutionary movements in art history, but were these artists playing the role of explorers or conquerors, stealing ideas and profiting from cultures they considered primitive? Questions like this deserve scrutiny (审查), as artists continue to redefine standards. Perhaps not too long from now, the bold innovations (单新) of modern art will be overturned by a new set of pioneers drawing inspiration from another unlikely source. 12. The style of European art didn’t experience any changes until__________ A. artists turned to nature for inspiration. B. artists looked beyond western civilization. C. artists began to emphasize self-expression. D. artists expanded the boundaries of painting. 13. What can we learn about “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon”? A. It combined different cultural elements. B. Its distinctive style invited much criticism. C. It broke away from all conventional styles. D. It was inspired by a visit to the Ivory Coast. 14. What does the author try to convey in the last paragraph? A. Artistic creation involves imitation and innovation. B. The pioneering role of modern artists is questionable. C. Drawing inspiration from different cultures is essential. D. It’s vital that the standards of art should change constantly. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. A Glimpse into Modern European Art B. The Pioneering Figures of Modern Art C. Why We Should Redefine Modern Art D. How Ancient Art Influenced Modern Art 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代艺术如何影响现代艺术。 【12 题详解】 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 中 的 As far back as the Renaissance, the primary European art movements emphasized conventional representation and adherence (遵循) to classical forms. But that began to change in the late 19th century as artists like Van Gogh and Cezanne expanded the boundaries of painting.可知，早在文艺复兴时期，欧洲的主要艺术运动就强调传统的表现形 式和对古典形式的坚持。但在 19 世纪末，随着梵高和塞尚等艺术家扩大了绘画的范围，这 种情况开始发生变化。由此可知，欧洲艺术的风格直到艺术家扩大了绘画的范围才有了变化。 故选 D。 【13 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的 And while three of these ladies show facial features found in ancient Iberian art, a nod to Picasso’s Spanish heritage, the faces of the two on the right closely resemble African masks. Created in 1907 after hundreds of sketches and studies, “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon” has been considered the first truly 20th century masterpiece, breaking with many previously held notions in art.可知，其中三位女士的面部特征是在古代伊比利亚艺术中发现 的，这是对毕加索的西班牙遗产的一种致敬，而右边两位女士的面部特征与非洲面具非常相 似。《亚维农的少女》于 1907 年创作，经过数百幅素描和研究之后，被认为是第一部真正意 义上的 20 世纪杰作，打破了许多之前在艺术领域持有的观念。由此可知，Les Demoiselles d’Avignon 结合了不同的文化元素。故选 A。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 Questions like this deserve scrutiny (审查), as artists continue to redefine standards. Perhaps not too long from now, the bold innovations (单新) of modern art will be overturned by a new set of pioneers drawing inspiration from another unlikely source.可知，像 这样的问题值得审视，因为艺术家们还在继续重新定义标准。也许用不了多久，现代艺术的 大胆创新就会被一群从另一个不太可能的来源汲取灵感的新先锋所颠覆。由此可知，现代艺 术家的先锋作用是值得怀疑的。故选 B。 【15 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段 The term modern art sounds like it means art that is popular at the moment, but in fact, modern art is a style that originated over 150 years ago, and includes artists that by now have attained classic status, such as Picasso, Matisse, and Gauguin. And what’s even more ironic (讽刺的) is that the movement they pioneered, considered revolutionary at the time, was inspired largely by an object of a traditional and ancient design. 可知，“现代艺术”这个词 听起来像是指当下流行的艺术，但事实上，现代艺术是一种起源于 150 多年前的风格，包括 现在已经获得经典地位的艺术家，如毕加索、马蒂斯和高更。更讽刺的是，他们开创的运动， 在当时被认为是革命性的，很大程度上是受到传统和古老设计的启发。由此可知，这篇文章 主要介绍的是“古代艺术如何影响现代艺术。”故选 D。 第二节 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两 项为多余选项。 You probably think of food poisoning as something that you might pick up at a diner or an outdoor barbecue stand. ___16___. The way you handle food in your own kitchen—which, unlike a restaurant, doesn’t have to obey health regulations—can just as easily make you sick. Here are some most overlooked food safety guidelines. ·Wash your hands properly This might seem like the most obvious food-safety practice. However, most people don’t bother to do it. And the minority that does wash doesn’t do it properly—which might be even more dangerous, because they think they’re protecting themselves and their families, when they aren’t. ___17___. ·___18___ Chances are, you’ve probably taken a bite of something in the fridge that’s just a teeny bit past the expiration date, in an effort to see if it’s safe to cat the rest of it. If it’s gone dangerously bad, it should taste extremely unpleasant, right? ___19___. According to the U.S. Department of Agricuture, there is one type of bacteria which typically don’t change the taste, smell or appearance of food. ·Wash fruit and veggies, even if you’re going to peel them ___20___. The problem is that when you cut away the unwashed skin and then use the same knife to cut up what’s underncath, you actually may be spreading bacteria from the outside to the inside. In fact, you can contaminate the vegetables further if your salad bowl or sink is not clean. A. But there are many downsides. B. Better safe than sorry C. Don't taste food to see if it's good. D. However, drinking heavily increases the risk of diabetes. E. Why wash them when you are not going to eat the skin? F. But those aren't the only places you might get food poisoning. G. You're supposed to wash your hand with running water, add soap and wash for at least 20 seconds. 【答案】16. F 17. G 18. C 19. B 20. E 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。本篇文章主要讲述了食物中毒不仅会发生在不干净的餐馆，还有可能发生 在自家厨房，同时，针对可能引发安全隐患的三个问题，作者进行解释并提出三条建议。 【16 题详解】 根据上文“You probably think of food poisoning as something that you might pick up at a diner or an outdoor barbecue stand. (你可能认为自己可能会在路边摊或者户外烧烤食物中毒)”以 及后文“The way you handle food in your own kitchen—which, unlike a restaurant, doesn’t have to obey health regulations—can just as easily make you sick. (你在自家厨房处理食物的方式也 很容易让你生病，厨房不像餐馆，不需要遵守健康规范)”可知，上文提到人们通常认为在 路边摊或野外烧烤才容易食物中毒，后文则提到自己家的厨房也不一定很干净，前后形成转 折，说明能引起食物中毒的不只上文提到的这些地方。故 F 选项“但是能引起食物中毒的 不只有这些地方”符合语境，故选 F。 【17 题详解】 根据小标题“Wash your hands properly(正确洗手)”以及上文“This might seem like the most obvious food-safety practice. However, most people don’t bother to do it. And the minority that does wash doesn’t do it properly—which might be even more dangerous, because they think they’re protecting themselves and their families, when they aren’t.(这似乎是最明显的食品安全 措施。然而，大多数人都懒得去做。少数洗手的人没有正确地洗手——这可能更危险，因为 他们认为他们是在保护自己和家人，而实际上他们并没有)”可知，上文提到好多人不洗手， 少数洗手的人方法不正确。因此本句应该是在说明如何正确洗手，故 G 选项“你应该用流 水洗手，抹上肥皂，至少洗 20 秒钟”符合语境，故选 G。 【18 题详解】 根据后文“Chances are, you’ve probably taken a bite of something in the fridge that’s just a teeny bit past the expiration date, in an effort to see if it’s safe to eat the rest of it. If it’s gone dangerously bad, it should taste extremely unpleasant, right?(你在冰箱里吃一口过了保质期的 食物，很有可能是为了看看剩下的部分是否还可以食用。如果变质到了危险的地步，尝起来 应该会非常难吃，对吧？)”可知，本段主要在谈论食物变质问题，C 选项中 to see if it's good 对应后文 to see if it's safe。故 C 选项“不要亲口尝食物，来确定它是否变质”符合语境，故 选 C。 【19 题详解】 根据上文“Chances are, you’ve probably taken a bite of something in the fridge that’s just a teeny bit past the expiration date, in an effort to see if it’s safe to eat the rest of it. If it’s gone dangerously bad, it should taste extremely unpleasant, right?(你在冰箱里吃一口过了保质期的 食物，很有可能是为了看看剩下的部分是否还可以食用。如果变质到了危险的地步，尝起来 应该会非常难吃，对吧？)”以及后文“According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, there is one type of bacteria which typically don’t change the taste, smell or appearance of food.(据美国 农业农业部称，有一种细菌通常不会改变食物的味道、气味或外观)”可知，上文提到吃过 了保质期的食物，后文则提到有一种细菌通常不会改变食物的味道、气味或外观，故此处应 为建议不要品尝过期食物，有备无患，安全更重要。故 B 选项“有备无患”符合语境，故 选 B。 【20 题详解】 根据后文“The problem is that when you cut away the unwashed skin and then use the same knife to cut up what’s underneath, you actually may be spreading bacteria from the outside to the inside.(问题是，当你切掉未经清洗的皮，也是在用同样的刀接触皮下面的部分，实际上你可 能正在从外向内传播细菌)”可知，后文主要解释了洗皮的原因，故本句应当是提出为什么 要洗皮的问题。故 E 选项“不吃皮为什么还要洗皮呢？”符合语境，故选 E。 第三部分 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入 空白处的最佳选项。 Last year, I took an improvisational (即兴的) comedy class. I made a successful attempt to___21___my comfort zone and to have fun. One of the first things our teacher, Myles Goldin, told us to do whenever anyone made a mistake during an exercise was to___22___our hands high in the air and___23___, “Wahoo!” Within a couple of minutes of starting our first game, some students___24___to catch the virtual (虚拟) ball. Suddenly, Goldin was leading us in a round of yelling “Wahoo!” Goldin was conveying a central___25___; Mistakes are not only okay, they’re necessary building blocks of learning and creativity. “We should embrace and___26___mistakes, because we couldn’t grow and create cool things without them,” she said. An increasing number of teachers are also doing so by encouraging students to___27___in direct experimentation. They are replacing the traditional “sage (智者) on stage” teaching style with“___28___on the side.” Students must instead attempt to think___29___, guided by a teacher’s careful questioning. This requires a lot of_____30_____and error. Along the way, students learn to_____31_____how failure often leads – inadvertently (无意中) — to new discoveries and inventions. One such program involves the design and construction of a pinhole (针孔) camera. Students use materials such as an old shoebox and oatmeal container, and must apply concepts from all four STEM_____32_____— science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Despite the apparent_____33_____of the materials provided, the challenge requires knowledge of light and optics (光学), engineering design processes (such as meeting the customer needs), mathematical modeling and scientific experimentation. The researchers found that learning outcomes were higher for students in science classes that take a student-centered_____34_____. Some of these effects were both significant and sustainable (可持续的). For instance, a _____35_____influence was measured on scores for tests taken 5.5 months after the original instruction. And the results appear to_____36_____to all students — from kindergarten through college. Learning from mistakes is hardly a(n)_____37_____teaching or life philosophy. A century ago, after live months and more than 9,000 experiments, famed inventor Thomas Edison still wasn’t able to make a new type of storage battery_____38_____, according to a 1910 authorized biography. When a colleague_____39_____all that effort had failed to produce any results, Edison retorted (反驳): “Results! Why, man, I have gotten a lot of_____40_____! I know several thousand things that won’ t work.” 21. A. stretch B. convey C. establish D. cover 22. A. shake B. reach C. throw D. clap 23. A. roar B. yell C. cheer D. crow 24. A. struggled B. failed C. pretended D. managed 25. A. note B. report C. speech D. message 26. A. celebrate B. approve C. support D. avoid 27. A. take B. engage C. enter D. occupy 28. A. competitor B. trainer C. guide D. partner 29. A. positively B. critically C. personally D. honestly 30. A. intention B. attempt C. judgment D. trial 31. A. appreciate B. enjoy C. value D. observe 32. A. exercises B. regulations C. disciplines D. tests 33. A. rarity B. hardship C. variety D. simplicity 34. A. approach B. access C. test D. chance 35. A. primitive B. predictable C. potential D. positive 36. A. fit B. contribute C. apply D. occur 37. A. new B. unique C. advanced D. unknown 38. A. solve B. move C. work D. promote 39. A. took out B. pointed out C. handed out D. picked out 40. A. inventions B. experiments C. batteries D. results 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D 【解析】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过去年即兴表演了一场喜剧。我成功地尝试着扩展我的舒适区 并获得乐趣。举例议论了，我们需要接受与拥抱错误，从错误中学习。 【21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我成功地尝试着扩展我的舒适区并获得乐趣。A. stretch 伸展， 拓展，延伸；B. convey 传达；C. establish 建立；D. cover 覆盖。根据上文“Last year, I took an improvisational (即兴的) comedy class.”可知，作者成功地尝试着拓展了自己的舒适区，故 stretch“拓展”符合题意。故选 A。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的老师迈尔斯·戈尔丁告诉我们，无论谁在锻炼中犯了错误， 首先要做的就是把双手高高举起，大喊：“哇呼!”。A. shake 摇动，抖动；B. reach 到达； C. throw 扔，投；D. clap 拍。结合句意以及常识可知，在锻炼的时候是把手举高，throw 投 向空中符合题意。故选 C。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的老师迈尔斯·戈尔丁告诉我们，无论谁在锻炼中犯了错误， 首先要做的就是把双手高高举起，大喊：“哇呼!”。A. roar 咆哮，吼叫，喧闹；B. yell 大 叫，叫喊；C. cheer 欢呼，喝彩； D. crow 啼叫。根据句意以及常识可知，在锻炼的时候人 们通常大叫。故选 B。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们开始第一款游戏的几分钟内，有些学生没能抓住虚拟球。 A. struggled 挣扎；B. failed 失败；C. pretended 假装；D. managed 管理，设法。根据上文“我 们的老师迈尔斯·戈尔丁告诉我们，无论谁在锻炼中犯了错误，首先要做的就是把双手高高 举起，大喊：哇呼!”以及下文“突然，戈尔丁带领我们大喊了一次。”可知，在游戏的几 分钟内，一些学生未能抓住虚拟球。故选 B。 【25 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：戈尔丁传达的是一个中心信息；犯错不仅没关系，还是学习和创 造的必要基石。A. note 笔记；B. report 报告 C. speech 演讲；D. message 信息。结合句意以 及常识可知，此处是传达的是信息。故选 D。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们应该接受并庆祝错误，因为没有错误，我们就无法 成长和创造酷炫的东西。”A. celebrate 庆祝；B. approve 批准，赞成；C. support 支持；D. avoid 避免。根据下文“we couldn’t grow and create cool things without them”可知，这里表示我们 应该接受错误，对错误表示庆祝。故选 A。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过鼓励学生参与直接实验，越来越多的教师也在这样做。A. take 拿，取，带走；B. engage 使参加；C. enter 进入；D. occupy 占据。根据第三段第一句“One such program involves the design and construction of a pinhole (针孔) camera.”因此，这里说的 是教师鼓励越来越多的学生直接参与活动。故选 B。 【28 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们正在用“指导在旁”的教学方式取代传统的“舞台圣人”教 学方式。A. competitor 竞争者；B. trainer 训练员；C. guide 指导，向导；D. partner 伙伴。根 据下文“guided by a teacher’s careful questioning.”以及句意可知，这里说的是，用侧面指导 代替了传统的“舞台上的智者”的教学方法。故选 C。 【29 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，学生必须尝试在老师仔细提问的指导下进行批判性思考。 A. positively 积极地；B. critically 批评地，批判地；C. personally 亲自；D. honestly 真诚地。 根据句意以及常识可知，此处是批判性思考。故选 B。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这需要大量的试验和错误。A. intention 意图，目的；B. attempt 企图，试图；C. judgment 判断；D. trial 试验。根据第二段第一句中 experimentation 以及句 意可知，这里指的是需要大量的试验和错误。故选 D。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，学生们学会欣赏失败是如何不经意地导致新的发 现和发明的。A. appreciate 欣赏，领会；B. enjoy 喜欢，享受；C. value 重视；D. observe 观 察。根据常识以及句意可知，这里说的是，在过程中学生学会理解失败是如何带来新的发现 和发明的。故选 A。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生们使用旧鞋盒和燕麦片盒等材料，并且必须应用 STEM(科 学、技术、工程和数学)所有四个学科的概念。A. exercises 练习；B. regulations 管理，规则； C. disciplines 纪律，学科；D. tests 测试，测验。结合后文“science, technology, engineering and mathematics”可知，此处指的是学科。故选 C。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管所提供的材料看起来很简单，但这项挑战需要光和光学、工 程设计过程（如满足客户需求）、数学建模和科学实验方面的知识。A. rarity 罕见，珍贵；B. hardship 艰难；C. variety 多样性；D. simplicity 简易。结合 despite 以及后文“the challenge requires…”这里表示提供的材料看起来简单。故选 D。 【34 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，在以学生为中心的科学课堂上，学生的学习成果 更高。A. approach 方法；B. access 接入；C. test 测试，测验；D. chance 机会，机遇。结合 第二段第二句中的 teaching style 及句意可知此处指的是，采用以学生为中心的学习方法。故 选 A。 【35 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，在接受最初的教育 5.5 个月后进行的测试对学生的成绩 产生了积极影响。A. primitive 原始的，简单的；B. predictable 可预言的；C. potential 潜在的， 可能的；D. positive 积极的。根据上文中“learning outcomes were higher”可知，产生了积极 的影响。故选 D。 【36 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究结果似乎适用于所有学生——从幼儿园到大学。A. fit 适合； B. contribute 贡献；C. apply 应用，申请；D. occur 发生。结合句中 all students 以及句意可知， 这里指的是结果适用于所有的学生。故选 C。 【37 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从错误中学习并不是一种新的教学或生活哲学。A. new 新的； B. unique 独特的；C. advanced 先进的；D. unknown 未知的。结合下文“A century ago, after live months and more than 9,000 experiments, famed inventor Thomas Edison still wasn’t able to make a new type of storage battery___18___, according to a 1910 authorized biography.”可知， 此处指的是不是一种新的教学或者生活哲学。故选 A。 【38 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据 1910 年的一本授权传记，一个世纪前，在活了几个月、进 行了 9000 多次实验之后，著名发明家托马斯·爱迪生仍然无法制造出一种新型的储能电池。 A. solve 解决；B. move 移动； C. work 工作，运行；D. promote 提升。根据常识可知，托马 斯·爱迪生仍然无法使新型的储能电池运作。故选 C。 【39 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当一位同事指出所有的努力没有产生任何结果，爱迪生反驳：“结 果！为什么，伙计，我得到了很多结果！我知道几千种行不通的办法。”A. took out 拿出， 去掉 B. pointed out 指出；C. handed out 分发；D. picked out 挑选出。结合句意以及句中的 reported 可知，此处应该表示指出。故选 B。 【40 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当一位同事指出所有的努力没有产生任何结果，爱迪生反驳：“结 果！为什么，伙计，我得到了很多结果！我知道几千种行不通的办法。”A. inventions 发明； B. experiments 实验；C. batteries 电池；D. results 结果。结合上文中的 results 以及句意可知， 此处指的是得到很多结果。故选 D。 第四部分 单词填空 根据汉语提示填写选修 9 第 4 单元到选修 10 第 2 单元的单词或短语，注意使用 正确的形式，每空一词。 41. She made many__________ (牺牲) to get Anita a good education. (根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】sacrifices 【解析】 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：为了让安妮塔接受良好的教育，她做出了许多牺牲。根据汉 语提示“牺牲”可知应填名词 sacrifice，作宾语，且 sacrifice 为可数名词，由 many 修饰， 应用复数。故填 sacrifices。 42. The exercises are designed to_________ (增强) your stomach muscles. (根据汉语提示单词 拼写） 【答案】strengthen 【解析】 【详解】考查不定式。句意：这些运动旨在增强你的腹肌。设空处接在不定式 to 的后面， 应用动词原形，根据汉语提示，故填 strengthen。 43. All the peaches_________(腐烂) on the tree because government trucks failed to collect them on time. (根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】rotted 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：所有的桃子都在树上烂掉了，因为政府的卡车没能按时来收。 设空处为主句谓语，根据从句的谓语 failed 可推断主句也应用一般过去时，再根据汉语提示， 故填 rotted。 44. There is to be a total_________(禁令)on smoking in the office. (根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】ban 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：办公室将全面禁止吸烟。在不定冠词 a 后应该是名词形式；根据 句意和所给汉语提示，应该是名词 ban；短语 a ban on …“关于……的禁令”。故填 ban。 45. Philip paced the floor, a_________(典型) nervous expectant father. (根据汉语提示单词拼 写） 【答案】typically 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：菲利普在地板上踱来踱去，一副典型的紧张兮兮的准爸爸模样。 根据汉语提示“典型”以及后文中的单词 nervous 可知此处需要填副词修饰形容词。故填 typically。 46. _________ (流利) in French is required for this job. (根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】Fluency 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个工作需要流利的法语。分析句子可知，空白处在句中做主语， 所以可知此处要填名词。故填 Fluency。 47. More resources are being_________(分派) to the project. (根据汉语提示单词拼写） 【答案】allocated 【解析】 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：正在调拨更多的资源给这个项目。句子主语 “resources”和动词“allocate”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以语态要用被动语态。结合句子的 时态为现在进行时，所以空白处填 allocated。故填 allocated。 48. He pulled down the shades, _________ _________(挡住)the bright sunlight. （根据汉语提示 完成句子） 【答案】 (1). blocking (2). out 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。句意：他拉下窗帘，挡住了明亮的阳光。“挡住”的 英文为 block out。本句中存在谓语动词 pulled down；又因为本句为简单句，因此此句中需 要使用非谓语动词作状语。block out 的动作的发出者为主语 he，与主语之间为主动关系， 因此需要用现在分词形式，作结果状语，表示理所当然的结果。故填 blocking out。 49. He spoke_________ _________ _________(代表) all the members of the faculty and staff. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】 (1). on (2). behalf (3). of 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他代表全体教职员工讲了话。根据汉语提示，设空处应用介 词短语 on behalf of，意为“代表”，在句中作状语。故填①on②behalf③of。 50. Mobile phones may_________ _________(泄露) your location. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】 (1). give (2). out 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：手机可能会泄露你的位置信息。根据汉语提示“泄露”可知 短语为 give out，且 may 后跟动词原形。故填①give；②out。 第五部分 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chang’e 5, the next mission in China’s lunar exploration program, will demonstrate and test the country’s technological and engineering___51___(capable) in space, according to a key figure in the project. Yu Dengyun, deputy chief designer of China’s lunar(月球的) exploration program,___52___ (say) on Sunday that Chang’e 5 will be launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift crrier rocket at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province by the end of 2020. The robotic probe(航天 器) has four components—an orbiter, lander, ascender(上升器) and re-entry module. After the probe reaches lunar orbit, the components will be separated___53___ two parts, with the orbiter and re-entry module___54___(remain) in orbit while the lander and ascender fall to the lunar surface. The lander and ascender will make a soft landing and then get to work on tasks such as using a drill ___55___ (collect) underground rocks and a mechanical arm to gather lunar soil. After the surface operations arecompleted, the ascender’s rocket will lift it to lunar orbit to dock (对接) with the re-entry module. It will transfer lunar samples to the module, ___56___will carry them back to Earth. Considering these___57___(high) sophisticated (复杂的) operations, Chang’e 5 will be___58___(diffculty) and challenging than previous Chinese lunar expeditions, Yu said. “First of all, its most important task will be cllecting lunar samples. The environment on the lunar surface, like the gravity there, is very different from___59___on Earth. So we must ensure that our technologies are functional and reliable during____60____collection and packing processes,” the designer explained. 【答案】51. capabilities 52. said 53. into 54. remaining 55. to collect 56. which 57. highly 58. more difficult 59. that 60. the 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国探月计划嫦娥五号，详细介绍了探测器的组成以及运行。 【51 题详解】 考查名词。句意：据该项目一位关键人物透露，嫦娥五号是中国探月计划的下一个任务，它 将展示和测试中国的太空技术和工程能力。此处需要名词作宾语。capable 为形容词，其名 词形式为 capability 并且可数。此处表示“太空技术和工程能力”；因此需要用复数形式。 故填 capabilities。 【52 题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：中国探月工程副总设计师于登云周日表示，2020 年底，嫦娥五号将 在海南文昌航天发射中心使用长征五号重型运载火箭发射。此处“说”的动作发生在周日， 说明已经发生过；所以需要使用一般过去式。故填 said。 【53 题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：探测器到达月球轨道后，组件将分为两部分，轨道飞行器和再入舱留 在轨道上，着陆器和上升器降落到月球表面。separate into 分离成。故填 into。 【54 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：探测器到达月球轨道后，组件将分为两部分，轨道飞行器和再入舱 留在轨道上，着陆器和上升器降落到月球表面。分析句子结构可知本句中有谓语动词“will be separated into”，因此此处需要填非谓语动词；又因为 the orbiter and re-entry module 与 remain 之间是主动关系。故填 remaining。 【55 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：着陆器和上升器将进行软着陆，然后开始执行一些任务，比如使用 钻机收集地下岩石，使用机械臂收集月球土壤。分析句子结构可知本句中有谓语动词；因此 此处需要填入非谓语动词。此处需要表示目的用来搜集地下岩石。动词不定式表示目的。故 填 to collect。 【56 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：它将把月球样本转移到登月舱，然后由登月舱将它们带回地球。分析 句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句修饰 module，先行词表示物，在从句作主语。故 填 which。 【57 题详解】 考查副词。句意：于说：“考虑到这些高度复杂的行动，嫦娥五号将比以往的中国探月任务 更加困难和具有挑战性。”sophisticated 形容词，此处位于形容词前需要用副词来修饰形容 词。highly 副词“高度地，非常”。故填 highly。 【58 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：于说：“考虑到这些高度复杂的行动，嫦娥五号将比以往的中国探月任 务更加困难和具有挑战性。”be 动词之后需要用形容词作表语；句子后面有 than 表示比较； 应该用比较级 more difficult。故填 more difficult。 【59 题详解】 考查代词。句意：月球表面的环境，就像那里的重力一样，与地球上的环境大不相同。空格 处指代 the environment，且是两个事物在比较，因此需要用代词 that。故填 that。 【60 题详解】 考查冠词。设计师解释说：“所以我们必须确保我们的技术在收集和包装过程中是实用和可 靠的。”这里的 collection and packing processes 是特指，指代前文提到的 lunar samples 的收 集和包装过程。故填 the。 第六部分 写作 第一节 短文改错 61. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中具 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 I’m Li Hua, presently study in Hongxing Middle School. Learning that you are organizing the activity to share books worldwide, I am writing to apply to participate the activity. The reason is why I love reading and I own a large number of books. Wild release and controlled release are proposed, the latter of which won my favour. By means of controlled release, I merely need to delivcr books dircctly to other participant. Accordingly, not only are books shared and it can build a bridge connected readers from a wide variety of countries. Should you provide more specifcally information, I would be more than very grateful. Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. 【答案】1.study→studying; 2.the→an; 3.participate 后加 in; 4.why→that; 5.won→wins; 6.participant→participants; 7.and→but; 8.connected→connecting; 9.specifically→specific; 10.将 very 删掉. 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇应用文，作者写信申请参加一个读书活动，并在信中列举了自己的优势。 【详解】1.考查非谓语动词。句意：我是李华，目前在红星中学学习。分析句子结构可知， study 在句中做伴随状语，应该用现在分词形式。故把 study 改为 studying。 2. 考查冠词。句意：得知你正在组织一个分享书的活动，我写信要申请参加这次活动。句 子 activity 为文章中第一次提到，所以应该是“组织一个活动”。故把 the 改为 an。 3. 考查介词搭配。句意：得知你正在组织一个分享书的活动，我写信要申请参加这次活动。 participate 的用法是 participate in sth.，所以此处要加 in。故加 in。 4.考查表语从句引导词。句意：原因是我喜欢阅读，并且我拥有很多书。the reason 的表语 从句引导词要用 that 引导，构成 the reason is that....句型。故把 why 改为 that。 5. 考查谓语动词时态。句意：野外释放和控制释放两种方式被提议，其中后者赢得我的喜 爱。文章通篇用一般现在时态，所以本句也该用一般现在时态。故把 won 改为 wins。 6.考查名词复数。句意：通过控制释放的方式，我仅仅需要把书直接送给其他的参与者。 participant 为可数名词，意为“参与者”，根据文章语境，活动的参与者有许多人，所以要用 复数。故把 participant 改为 participants。 7.考查连词。句意：书不仅被分享，而且还建立起了不同国家的读者之间的桥梁。not noly...but also 是固定搭配。故把 and 改为 but。 8.考查非谓语动词。句意：书不仅被分享，而且还建立起了不同国家的读者之间的桥梁。句 子 connect 在句中做定语，修饰 bridge，为主动关系，应用现在分词。故把 connected 改为 connecting。 9.考查形容词。句意：如果你能提供更多具体的信息，我会非常感激。specific 在句中做定 语，修饰名词 information，所以该用形容词。故把 specifically 改为 specific。 10.考查副词。句意：如果你能提供更多具体的信息，我会非常感激。more than 为固定短语， 意为“非常”，所以后面 very 与 more than 语义重复。故把 very 去掉。 【点睛】 第二节 书面表达 62. 假如你是李华，一名高一在读学生，最近和父母谈论进入大学后选专业的问题，在意见 上和爸妈分歧很大，对此感到很苦恼，现写信向你的英国外教 Mr. Jackson 求助，要点如下: 1.说明事由； 2.希望提供与父母成功沟通的案例和建议； 3.感谢帮助。 注意: 1.词数 100 左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mr. Jackson, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear Mr. Jackson. Recently, I have discussed with my parents over what major I should choose in college. I didn’t expect our opinions were so different that we had a big argument. Extremely confused, I am writing to seek your advice. Fascinated by history, I have long been inspired to learn Archaeology in college while my parents think it not competitive enough in the future job market. It would be nice of you to provide me with some typical cases where your students succeeded in communicating with their parents on this problem. Besides, my parents insisted that I go for some pragmatic majors like finance or business which I take no interest in. What should I do to change their mind? I would be quite appreciative if you could offer me some brilliant suggestions on how to resolve this dispute. I believe I will benefit a lot from your valuable and timely advice. Looking forward to your writing back soon. Yours. Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国外教 Mr. Jackson 写封信，在进入大学后选择专 业方面寻求帮助。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时和现在完成时，少量一般将来时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1. 说明事由； 2. 希望提供与父母成功沟通的案例和建议； 3. 感谢帮助。 第二步：列提纲 （重点词组） discuss sth. with sb.; so…that…; seek one’s advice;have a big argument; be inspired to do; provide sb. with sth.; succeed in; communicate with; take interest in; offer sb. sth.; benefit from 第三步：连词成句 1.Recently, I have discussed with my parents over what major I should choose in college. 2.I didn’t expect our opinions were so different that we had a big argument. 3.Extremely confused, I am writing to seek your advice. 4.Fascinated by history, I have long been inspired to learn Archaeology in college while my parents think it not competitive enough in the future job market. 5.It would be nice of you to provide me with some typical cases where your students succeeded in communicating with their parents on this problem. 6.Besides, my parents insisted that I go for some pragmatic majors like finance or business which I take no interest in. 7.What should I do to change their mind? 8.I would be quite appreciative if you could offer me some brilliant suggestions on how to resolve this dispute. 9.I believe I will benefit a lot from your valuable and timely advice. 10.Looking forward to your writing back soon. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last（供参考） 2.表并列补充关系：Besides 3.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result （供参考） 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 【点睛】[高分句型 1] It would be nice of you to provide me with some typical cases where your students succeeded in communicating with their parents on this problem.（It+ be +adj.+ of+ sb.+ to do sth.；where 引导的定语从句） [高分句型 2] Fascinated by history, I have long been inspired to learn Archaeology in college while my parents think it not competitive enough in the future job market.（过去分词作状语；被 动语态；while 表示对比） [高分句型 3] I would be quite appreciative if you could offer me some brilliant suggestions on how to resolve this dispute.（if 引导的条件状语从句）