山西五台县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮练习（五）

山西五台县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮练习（五）

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 山西五台县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮练习（五） 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the world’s four oceans. Its name comes from the Latin meaning “peaceful sea”， and was given by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, whose voyage was plain there. However, the Pacific is not always peaceful. Its islands are often hit by typhoons, and the countries surrounding it have many volcanoes and are often hit by earthquakes. Tsunamis (海啸 ), caused by underwater earthquakes, have destroyed many low－lying coastal towns. The Ocean contains about 46% of Earth’s surface water, and makes up about 32% of its total surface area, more than all of the planet’s land areas. The equator (赤道) divides it into the North Pacific and the South Pacific Oceans, the latter of which contains most of its largest 25,000 islands. The largest landmass entirely within the Pacific Ocean is the island of New Guinea, with Australia to its south；it has been the world’s second－largest island since separating from the Australian mainland.The lowest point on Earth, the Mariana Trench (海沟), lies 10,911 meters below the surface of the Pacific, but the Ocean’s average depth is 4,280 meters. The water temperature of the Pacific varies from freezing at the poles to about 300C near the equator. Its salinity (盐分) also varies from place to place. The water near the equator is less salty because of the rainfall there, but at the poles salinity is also low, because little evaporation (蒸发) takes place in the cold water of these areas. The exploitation (开采) of the Pacific’s mineral wealth is difficult in its deeper parts. However, in the shallow waters of the continental shelves off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, oil and natural gas are exploited, and pearls are harvested along the coasts of Australia, Japan, Nicaragua and the Philippines. The Pacific’s greatest wealth is its fish, but the fishing industry has been harmed greatly by marine pollution. The biggest harm comes from rivers that carry into the Ocean many chemicals used as fertilizers in agriculture, as well as waste. These days many countries are coming together to try to protect the Ocean. 1. Ferdinand Magellan gave the Ocean its name because he________. A. expected to live a peaceful life B．hoped there would be no more wars 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 C．came upon no serious storms while crossing it D．expected to stay safe and healthy there 2. From the passage, what do we know about the Pacific Ocean? A．It contains about 32% of the Earth’s surface water. B．It has suffered many natural disasters. C．Its deeper parts haven’t been exploited. D．New Guinea is on the north of it. 3. Why is the water at the poles less salty? A．Little of it turns into steam. B．There is abundant rainfall there. C．The ocean currents are slow there. D．Melting snow adds water to the ocean. 4. We can infer from the passage that________. A. countries near the Ocean benefit from being on it B．pearls are a major source of income in Japan C．most people prefer to live near the Ocean D．all the countries along the Ocean are developed [解题导语] 本文从几个方面简要介绍太平洋。 1.解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据 whose voyage was plain there 可知选 C。plain sailing 意为“一帆 风顺”。 2.解析：选 B。细节理解题。根据第一段可知选 B；根据第二段可知 A、D 表述错误；文章倒数第二段提到 太平洋的深层很难开采，但并没有提到没开采过，故 C 项表述错误。 3．解析：选 A。 细节理解题。根据第三段中 because little evaporation takes place in the cold water of these areas 可知 A 正确。因为那儿的海水几乎没有蒸发。B 项是赤道附近盐度低的原因。 4.解析：选 A。推理判断题。从倒数第二段可知那些太平洋的周边国家从海洋的丰富资源中获益不少，因 此选 A。 阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 During times of trouble, Franklin Delano Roosevelt spoke from a small room without a fireplace in the White House basement to millions of Americans. In his calm and conversational manner, he reassured（使……恢复信心）the nation in the depths of the Great Depression（大萧条）and through 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 a World War. Saul Bellow described his own experience of listening to President Roosevelt, hold the nation together, using only a radio and the power of his personality. “I can recall walking eastward on the Chicago Midway… drivers had pulled over, parking bumper to bumper, and turned on their radios to hear Roosevelt. They had rolled down the windows and opened the car doors. Everywhere the same voice, its odd Eastern accent, which in anyone else would have angered Midwesterners. You could follow without missing a single word as you walked by. You felt joined to these unknown drivers, men and women…” The nation needed the assurance of those Fireside Chats, the first of which was delivered on March 12, 1933. Between a quarter and a third of the work force was unemployed. Every bank in America had been closed for at least eight days. It’s hard for us to imagine. It was the hardest time of the Great Depression. The “Fireside” was symbolic（象征性的; most of the chats came from a small room in the White House basement. Frances Perkins, Roosevelt’s Secretary of Labor, described the change that would come over him just before the broadcasts: “His face would smile and light up as though he were actually sitting on the front porch(门廊) or in the parlor with them. People felt this, and came to respect and love him.” In that first radio visit, Roosevelt began by explaining how the banking system worked: “When you put money in a bank, the bank does not place the money into a safe—deposit vault（金库房. It invests your money in many different forms of credit—bonds, mortgages.” He went on to announce that the banks would reopen the next day. 1. The main purpose of the article is to . A. give examples of the power of radio broadcasting B. make people examine their attitudes toward money C. suggest that Roosevelt was America’s greatest president D. show how Roosevelt reassured Americans during hard times 答案解析：答案为 D。本题为主旨大意题。纵观全文，本文主要讲述美国总统罗斯福在困难时期如何 恢复人们的信心。第一段为本文的中心段落，后面的内容都是围绕本段展开。故答案为 D。 2. According to the article, the Fireside Chats raised the hopes of Americans because President 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 Roosevelt . A. spoke to them in a friendly and confident tone B. explained to them how to invest their money C. was open about his own fears for the country D. used humor to draw their attention away from their problems 答案解析：答案为 A。本文为细节题。从第一段的第二句话 “In his calm and conversational manner, ....”可知，与此意思最接近的就是选项 A。 3. The name “Fireside Chats” was probably intended to . A. demand listeners to protect resources B. encourage spirited discussion among listeners C. request people to desire for hope and reassurance D. persuade Americans to talk with their families 答案解析：答案为 C。本题为细节题。从文章第四段首句 “The nation needed the assurance of those Fireside Chats, the first of which was delivered on March 12, 1933.”可知，Fireside Chats 主要是帮助人们恢复希望和信心。故答案为 C。 4. Saul Bellow’s description of his own experience of listening to President Roosevelt shows . A. how popular and encouraging Roosevelt’s Fireside Chats were B. how easily Roosevelt’s Fireside Chats could be understood C. what great interest general public took in national affairs D. what a hard life Americans had in Great Depression 答案解析：答案为 A。本题为细节推断题。从文章第二段 “…hold the nation together, ...”和 倒数第二段 ““His face would smile and light up as though he were actually sitting on the front porch(门廊) or in the parlor with them. People felt this, and came to respect and love him.” 可知，罗斯福的 Fireside Chats 受到人们的欢迎，并鼓舞着人们。 阅读理解 For ten years Jo Eddings felt that she had been banging her head against a brick wall. “I can’t describe my frustration. I felt so helpless,” she says. “What I wanted was the help with my very bright daughter who had a problem with language.” She was slow to learn to talk and at 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 9 her reading and writing were still poor. “We took her to psychologists and all sorts of experts, but for years nobody seemed to be able to give us a proper diagnosis or know what to do.” But that changed this month when she heard a radio program about an exhibition called Genes Talking at the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) in London. It was about a research project to discover a gene lined with a condition known as specific language impairment. “As soon as I heard it I knew that this was what I’d been looking for,” she says. “I wasn’t alone; I wasn’t mad. There was someone who understood my daughter.” SLI covers speech and grammar problems suffered by children, the most familiar of which is dyslexia (诵读困难). About 8 percent of children are recognized as dyslexic. But a similar number may be suffering from other forms of SLI and are not recognized. The condition is the failure of different parts of the brain to deal with speech and language, and different failures manifest (表明) themselves in different ways. The scientist involved in the ICA project was Professor Heather van der Leiy, the director of the Centre for Developmental Language Disorders and Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London, and a leading expert on SLI. “If we can find a genetic link, it will provide the kind of hard evidence that this is a genuine problem, which is needed if we are to cure the disease,” she says. 1. The underlined part in the first paragraph probably means Jo Eddings couldn’t _____. A. understand her daughter and was very sad B. help her daughter out of trouble and felt helpless C. afford to treat her daughter’s disease and felt sad D. find where to treat her daughter’s disease and felt ashamed 答案解析：答案为 B。本题为句意推测题。从划线部分后文 “I can’t describe my frustration. I felt so helpless,” she says. “What I wanted was the help with my very bright daughter who had a problem with language.”可知，Jo Eddings 对于女儿的疾病感到沮丧、无助，他非常需要帮助。故答案为 B。 由第二段首句 “We took her to psychologists and all sorts of experts…”可推测，他们带着女儿 看了许多心理医生和各种专家，应该有能力支付治疗费用，故 C 选项错误。A 选项和 D 选项的 “felt ashamed” 与文意不符。 2. Jo Eddings was pleased when she _______. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 A. visited and exhibition called Genes Talking B. heard a radio program about an exhibition C. discovered a gene linked with her daughter’s problem D. was given a proper diagnosis of her daughter’s illness. 答案解析：答案为 B。本题为细节题。由第二段 “But that changed this month when she heard a radio program…” 可知，答案为 B。 3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ? A. Jo Eddings’ daughter was lonely and mad. B. Dyslexia is an unknown problem among the public. C. “SLI” stands for Specific Language Impairment. D. Jo Eddings’ daughter’s illness was cured at last. 答案解析：答案为 C。本题为推理题。由第二段 “It was about a research project to discover a gene lined with a condition known as specific language impairment.” 和第三段首句 “SLI covers speech and grammar problems suffered by children, the most familiar of which is dyslexia.”可以推断， C 选项正确。 由第二段倒数第二句话 ““I wasn’t alone; I wasn’t mad.” 可知，选项 A 错误。由第三段 “About 8 percent of children are recognized as dyslexic.” 可知，B 选项错误。D 选项未提及。 4. On which column can we read the above passage in a newspaper? A. Education News. B. Health News. C. Business News. D. Economy News. 答案解析：答案为 B。本题为推理题。结合全文和最后一段研究 SLI 的专家描述 “If we can find a genetic link, it will provide the kind of hard evidence that this is a genuine problem, which is needed if we are to cure the disease,” 可推断，Jo Eddings 的女儿的疾病属于基因问题，和健康有关，故答 案为 B。 阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 English has become the world's number one language in the 20th century. In every country where English is not the native language, especially in the Third World, people must strive to learn 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 it to the best of their abilities, if they want to participate fully in the development of their countries. But many people are concerned that English's dominance (优势地位) will destroy native languages. A close examination reveals（显示）a great number of languages have fallen casualty to English. For example, it has wiped out Hawaiian, Welsh, Scotch Gaelic, Irish, native American languages, and many others. Luckily, some of these languages are now being revived （复苏）, such as Hawaiian and Welsh, and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them. In the case of Welsh, its revival is so successful that the language is now being used as a medium of insturction in schools and universities in Wales. Many leaders of these Third World countries are obsessed with (被迷住) English and for them English is everything. They seem to believe that if the students speak English, they are already knowledgeable. These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages. If these leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the world they use English and they feel more at home with it and proud of their ability as well. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leaders' speeches because they are made in a foreign language. All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education. From a psychological point of view, those who are taught in their own language from the start will develop better selfconfidence and self-reliance. From a linguistic point of view, the best brains can only be produced if students are educated in their own language from the start. Those who are taught in a foreign language from the start will tend to be imitators and lack self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreign consultants. There is nothing wrong, however, in learning a foreign language at advanced levels of education. But the best thing to do is to have a good education in one's native language first, then go abroad to have a university education in a foreign language. 1. The main idea of the first paragraph is probably _________. A. to stress the position of English B. to appeal the protection of native languages C. to show the importance of grasping English for employees D. to demonstrate ( 阐述) English is the world’s number one language 答案解析：答案为 B。本题为主旨题。虽是对第一段的大意提问，但实则是对全文的中心进行定位。考生 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 要确定第一段的主题句 （topic sentence）.是第一句话 “English has become the world's number one language in the 20th century.” 还是该段的最后一句话 “But many people are concerned that English's dominance will destroy native languages.”？即作者关注的问题是英语还是本国语言？ 略读后文可知，由于更多的国家讲英语，很多其他语言已经消失， 然而也有一些语言在复苏，同时也谈 到了母语对国家和个人的作用。因此，本文的重心是关注本国语言。故答案为 B。 2. The revival of Hawaiian and Welsh shows any language will live if it ________. A. is against foreign language B. is used as a medium in education C. is taught in schools D. is done by dedicated people 答案解析：答案为 D。本题为细节题。从第二段 “...and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of reviving them.” 可知，答案为 D。 3. The underlined expression in paragraph three probably refers to _________ A. they are sure to use English better with their families B. they use English better in their countries than in foreign countries C. their native language is poorer than their English D. they are not afraid that critical audience find their errors 答案解析：答案为 B。 本题为句意推断题。理解该句需要结合上下文。由划线部分的前一句话 “These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages.”可知，这些领导用 英语讲话和写作比用本国语言要好，因此可以推断，他们用英语发表演讲的时候，会感觉运用自如. 故答 案为 B。 本题的混淆选项 C 选项 “他们的本国语言比英语要差”强调的是本国语言，而划线部分强调的 是领导人的英语运用能力。 4. In the opinion of the writer, which statement below is NOT true? A. A native language has great effect on the development of a nation. B. The earlier a person learns a foreign language, the greater his ability will be. C. Learning a foreign language should be arranged in a later time. D. The native language will greatly influence one’s life. 答案解析：答案为 B。本题为推断题。从倒数第二段首句 “All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own languages in all national development activities, including education.”可知，所有伟大的国家之所以伟大是因为他们在发展国家的时候使用了本国语言， 故答案 A 正确。从倒数第二段后部分内容可知，从心理学的角度讲，一开始就学习母语的人会更自信，更 独立；从语言学的角度讲，大脑只有在最开始学母语的情况下才能发展最好；而一开始就学外语的人会变 成模仿者并缺乏自信。可以推断，作者认为母语对人的生活有影响，外语学习应该安排在后面，而不是越 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 早学外语，一个人的能力就越强。故 C、D 正确，B 错误。