2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷） 英 语

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷） 英 语

第 1页 绝密★本科目考试启用前 2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷） 英 语 本试卷共12页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。 考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括 号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Oliver is a host of a TV programme on food. He says food 1 (play) a big role in his life. “My mum was a great cook, and she’d sometimes let me have a try,” he said. The first dish Oliver prepared for his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum’s help. Oliver says if you’re 2 (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them 3 you can join in when it’s possible. B Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they 4 (throw) away. It takes them hundreds of years 5 (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart 6 countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of 7 (country) and regions aretaking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them. C A piece of stone 8 (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals 9 (live) alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40,000 years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it’s long been assumed that human ancestors were 10 (smart) than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise. 第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A 、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂 黑。 My faith in human nature has never been so great as it was last weekend after our family get-together in the town of Vail. On Saturday, we all went to the market right in the middle of the town. Near the end, we all 11 at the fountain near the bridge, and the kids waded (蹚水) around in the fountain until we 12 . This is one of the busiest walking streets. After we returned to the hotel late in the afternoon, my 7-year-old son Ponder 13 that nowhere could he find his backpack, which 14 his Gameboy and his watch. After a thorough 15 , we determined that he must have left it at the fountain. Ponder has never 16 anything. So we just take for granted that he needs no supervision (指导) for managing his 第 2页 17 . He was upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the watch. “But Dad,” he said, through massive 18 , “they don’t make that kind of watch anymore.” We were all very 19 . Our dinner reservation was at a restaurant just on the other side of the bridge, so I 20 him that we would not only search the area around the fountain when we went back for dinner, but we would also find the police and ask them if the backpack had been 21 . As we exited from the parking garage, we could see the fountain as we walked down the long staircase. I saw something black 22 there, but it was right next to a woman standing by the fountain, so I could not 23 what it was or if it was hers. “See it, Dad?” Ponder shouted. “Don’t get too 24 because that may not be it,” I said. But that was it. It had been five or six hours since we left the fountain, and it was 25 there. There was no ID in it, and it looked like someone had looked through it and then set it right out where all could 26 it. I literally 27 when we reached it and it was his! Everyone in our party was blown away by this “miracle ( 奇 迹 )” . In my wildest 28 , I would never have imagined that this could happen nowadays. What a charmed life, eh? I believe this was a perfect 29 for a child in losing something important … to lose it and feel the full 30 of that loss, and then to miraculously get it back. 11．A ．drove B．hiked C．met D．united 12．A ．landed B．left C．settled D．slept 13．A ．responded B．recognised C．realised D．recalled 14．A ．contained B．combined C．comprised D．covered 15．A ．preparation B．checkup C．revision D．search 16．A ．wasted B．lost C．sought D．deserted 17．A ．emotion B．time C．money D．stuff 18．A ．tears B．fists C．reliefs D．outbreaks 19．A ．hesitant B．curious C．sad D．eager 20．A ．promised B．informed C．warned D．taught 21．A ．worn out B．caught up C．put away D．turned in 22．A ．hiding B．sitting C．swinging D．flowing 23．A ．assess B．declare C．tell D．predict 24．A ．excited B．puzzled C．relaxed D．amused 25．A ．already B．even C．almost D．still 26．A ．take B．see C．touch D．protect 27．A ．panicked B．exploded C．collapsed D．cried 28．A ．dreams B．claims C．efforts D．passions 29．A ．mode B．lesson C．option D．plot 30．A ．range B．pressure C．weight D．harvest 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分） 第 3页 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Lancom is a worldwide language learning app and a leader in the online language learning industry with millions of active subscribers. We house a broad range of experts united by the common goal of creating the best language learning tools possible. With advice from AI specialists, art designers and culture researchers, our multi-language experts endow ( 赋 予) Lancom with an enormous potential for innovation within the world of language learning. Our courses, totalling 20,000 hours of content in 20 different languages, guarantee you language skills you can use right away. At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with advanced technology. Examples and dialogues are recorded with real native speakers instead of automatic computers. Lancom trains your brain to learn efficiently, so you absorb more information while in the app and continue learning outside of it. The app makes our practical language lessons available wherever and whenever. We work directly for our learners, not for any third party. And it’s all supported by an efficient customer service team, available through telephone, email and online chat. Millions of learners have their own stories and their own reasons for learning a new language. Lancom cares about you and addresses your individual learning type. Lancom is the only product to offer courses tailored to your native language, building on grammar and words you already know. Our content is about real-life topics that are relevant because we know what matters to you is what sticks best. Y ou will find it very rewarding to learn with Lancom. Choose Y our Subscription and Get Started 1 month 3 months 6 months 12 months $12.95/m $8.95/m $7.45/m $6.95/m Buy with confidence: 21-day money back guarantee! If you aren’t satisfied, just write to Customer Service within 21 days. Contact & Support: customerservice@lancom.com 31. Who can provide Lancom with a huge potential for innovation in learning? A．Culture researchers. B．AI specialists. C．Language experts. D．Art designers. 32. What lies at the core of the Lancom app? A ．A flexible system. B．An effective method. C．The brain-training technique. D．The informative content. 33. Lancom claims that it is unique in its . A．personalised courses B．multiple languages C．pricing policy D．service team B 第 4页 Baggy has become the first dog in the UK— and potentially the world— to join the fight against air pollution by recording pollutant levels near the ground. Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids may be at higher risk ofdeveloping lung problems. Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However, since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair (婴儿车), she frequently records pollution levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment Agency. The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy’s 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in an attempt to emphasise that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma (哮喘). Matt Hunt said he was “very proud” of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from gettingasthma.” “Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age,” Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets (小装置). About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, ‘why don’t we put it on Baggy’s collar and let her monitor the pollution?’ So we did it.” Tom said, “Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time she is a super dog, and we are all really proud of her.” 34. With a monitor on her collar,Baggy can . A ．takepollutant readings B．record pollutant levels C．process collected data D．reduce airpollution 35. What can we learn from the Baggy data? A ．High places arefree of air pollution. B．Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids. C．Conventional monitors aremore reliable. D．Air is more polluted closer to theground. 36. What is Tom’s purpose of doing the research? A ．To warn of ahealth risk. B．To find out pollution sources. C．To test his new monitor. D．To prove Baggy’s abilities. 37. According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt? A．Modest. B．Generous. C．Creative. D．Outgoing. C For the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century French manuscript (手稿) consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand. 第 5页 The author’s intention remains as mysterious (神秘) as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didn’t truly grasp any of the skills the author described. “Y ou simply can’t get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it,” she says. Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isn’t just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen (工匠) who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a drug-resistant virus. The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. What’s more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We can’t appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared— something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. Smith has put the manuscript’s ideas into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together. She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving. Back when science— then called “the new philosophy”— took shape, academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering ( 修 补 ), as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light. If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. 38. How did Smith feel after reading the French manuscript? A ．Confused about the technical terms. B．Impressed with its detailed instructions. C．Discouraged by its complex structure. D．Shocked for her own lack of hand skills. 39. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to . A ．restoreold workshops B．understand the craftsmen C．improve visual effects D．inspire the philosophers 40. Why does the author mention museums? A ．To reveal the beauty of ancient objects. B．To present the findings of old science. C. To highlight the importance of antiques. D. To emphasise the values of hand skills. 41. Which would be the best title for this passage? A ．Craftsmen Set the Trends for Artists B．Craftsmanship Leads to New Theories C．Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists 第 6页 D．Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science D Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms ( 算 法 ) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change. Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.” Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine … that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力 的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.” Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced ( 强 化 ) by many works of fiction— Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敌 对 行 为 ). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else. The promise and danger of true AGI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever. 42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph1 probably mean? A ．Enormousin quantity. B．Changeable daily. C．Stable in quality. D．Present everywhere. 43. What could AGI do for us, according to itssupporters? A ．Help totackle problems. B．Make brains more active. C．Benefit ambitious people. D．Set up powerful databases. 44. As for Irving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is . A．supportive B．disapproving C．fearful D．uncertain 45. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage? A ．It may be only adream. B. It will come into being soon. 第 7页 C. It will be controlled by humans. D. It may be more dangerous than ever. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 46 Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do. 47 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans ( 寿 命 ), lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one’s ability to deal with problems and hardships. 48 For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer (缓冲作用) against depression and anxiety. Resilient (适 应 性 强 的 ) people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 49 In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one’s life. It doesn’t have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 50 Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one’s physical and mental health. A. It doesn’t cause any severe emotional discomfort, either. B．Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect. C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations. D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind. E. As thinking changes, an individual’s behaviour and habits change as well. F．They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way ofthinking. G．They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分） 第一节（15分） 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校英语戏剧俱乐部外籍指导教师Jim因疫情滞留英国。复学在即，作为 俱乐部负责人，你给Jim写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师，内容包括： 1. 条件及要求； 2. 表示感谢并提醒注意防护。 注意：1．词数不少于50； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 第 8页 Dear Jim, Yours, 第二节（20分） （请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内） Li Hua 假设你是红星中学高三（1）班班长李华。居家学习期间，你们班开展了一次以“自律”为主题的调研活动。请根 据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文稿件，给你们学校英文网站投稿，记述你在本次活动中发现问题并解决问题 的过程。 注意：词数不少于60。 提示词：自律 self-discipline （请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内） 第 9页 2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语 参考答案 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 1．plays/has played/is playing/has been playing 2．lucky 3．if/whether 4．are thrown 5．to break 6．into/to 7． countries 8．found 9．lived/had lived/had been living 10．smarter 第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分） 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D 16．B 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．A 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25． D 26．B 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．C 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 31．C 32．B 33．A 34．B 35．D 36．A 37．C 38．D 39．B 40．D 41．C 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．A 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 46．B 47．D 48．C 49．G 50．A 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分） 第一节（15分） One possible version: Dear Jim, How are you doing? I hope everything’s OK with you. Our school’s drama club plans to start practising. Since you’re away in Britain, we need a drama teacher to be in your place. Would you please recommend one for us? He or she should be a native English speaker, currently in Beijing, and experienced in both directing and teaching. Thank you for your help. Please take care of yourself. Remember to wear a mask when necessary. Best wishes, Yours, Li Hua 第二节（20分） 一、内容要点 第 10页 1．发现问题2．征求意见3．线上讨论4．汇报成果二、范文 One possible version: While studying at home, I surveyed my class on “self-discipline”. The findings worried me a lot. To solve the problem, I asked my parents for help, and they offered some practical advice. Then I held an online discussion with my classmates on how to well discipline ourselves. After that, we all knew better what to do. Three months later, I did a second survey, which showed great improvements in self-discipline. I phoned my teacher about it, and we both felt very pleased.