广安市 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮系列训练（98）

广安市 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮系列训练（98）

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 广安市 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮系列训练（98） 阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 America’s population was booming and spreading west in the early 1800’s. Westward expansion came mostly at the expense of the Indians who were often forced to move from their native lands. In the state of Georgia, the population increased 600 percent in the matter of 40 years. As a result, many of its native tribes(部落) were pushed out. The Cherokee Indians, of western Georgia had managed to keep their land until gold was discovered in their territory in 1828. In 1830, however, president Andrew Jackson authorized (批准) the Indian Removal Act. The Cherokees fought the law, and it was overturned by chief justice John Marshall two years later. Just three years later, however, in 1835, the Treaty of New Echota was signed. The "Treaty" was not authorized by the Cherokee Nation, but rather, a small group of Cherokee radicals led by John Ridge. Under the "Treaty", the Cherokee were to leave Georgia and the government would compensate them at a price determined to be about 5 percent of the value of the land. The majority of the Cherokee Nation would never had agreed to the "Treaty", but the U.S. government ratified it anyway. John Ridge was thus seen as a traitor by the Cherokees - and would later pay with his life. The Georgia government then staged a "land lottery" in which Cherokee land was divided into 160 equal portions. They were sold to anyone who had $4.00 and who had won a chance to own land. In 1838, General Winfield Scott and 7,000 troops invaded Cherokee land. Men, women, and children were forced to walk westward from Georgia nearly 1,000 miles with minimal facilities and food, to reservations set up for them in Oklahoma. Cherokee chief John Ross, eventually was able to convince Winfield Scott that his people should lead the tribe west. Scott agreed and Ross divided the people into smaller groups so they could forage for food on their own. Although Ross may have save countless lives, nearly 4,000 Indians died walking this Trail of Tears. 1. Which of the following happened first? A. Cherokees’ walk to Oklahoma. B. The Indian Removal Act. C. The Treaty of New Echota. D. The Georgia “Land Lottery”. 2. The underlined part “ratified it” (in Para. 3) can be replaced by “ ”. A. made it official B. signed it secretly C. removed it D. ignored it 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 3. Why was John Ridge viewed as a traitor by the Cherokees? A. Because he sold his land to the U.S.Government at a low price. B. Because he represented the U.S. Govermment. C. Because he signed an unfair treaty for the Cherokees. D. Because he carried out a “land lottery” in Georgia. 4. According to the passage, what is the key factor for the “Trail of Tears”? A. The conflict between the Cherokees and the local government. B. The increase of population in the state of Georgia. C. The constant struggle for land between the native Americans and the settlers. D. The discovery of gold in western Gerogia. 1、答案解析：答案为 B。本题为细节题。由文章第二段倒数第二句话 “In 1830, however, president Andrew Jackson authorized the Indian Removal Act.”可知，B 选项发生在 1830 年；由第三段第一句话 “Just three years later, however, in 1835, the Treaty of New Echota was signed.”可知，C 选项发生在 1835 年； 由第三段倒数第二句话 “The Georgia government then staged a ‘land lottery’ in which Cherokee land was divided into 160 equal portions.”可知，D 选项发生在 Treaty of New Echota 后; 由最后一段 前两句话 “ In 1838, General Winfield Scott and 7,000 troops invaded Cherokee land. …set up for them in Oklahoma.”可知，A 选项发生在最后。故答案为 B。 2、答案解析：答案为 A。本题为语义推断题。结合该短语出现的句子 “The majority of the Cherokee Nation would never had agreed to the ‘Treaty’, but the U.S. government ratified it anyway.”, “ratified it” 出现在 “but” 后面，可见该短语和前面的 never had agreed to the “Treaty" 意思相反，故答案 为 A，使条约正式化。 3、答案解析：答案为 C。本题为推理题。细读第三段，Treaty of New Echota 被签署，但不是经过 Cherokee 民族批准的，而是由 John Ridge 领导的一小群 Cherokee 极端分子干的，规定 Cherokee 民族离开 Georgia， 政府赔偿给他们原有土地的百分之五，大多数 Cherokee 人并不同意该条约，但是美国政府最终还是批准了该 条约，因此 John Ridge 被认为是 Cherokee 的民族叛徒。故答案为 C。 4、答案解析：答案为 D。本题为推理题。文章的最后提到 “nearly 4,000 Indians died walking this Trail of Tears”， 为什么会发生此事？本题实际考察现象背后的实质：Cherokee 印第安人为什么要移民？由文 章第二段 “The Cherokee Indians, of western Georgia had managed to keep their land until gold was discovered in their territory in 1828.” 可知，western Georgia 发现了金子后，白人就觊觎此片土地 淘金，发生了后来的移民事件，留下了 Cherokee 印第安人的血和泪。故答案为 D。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 【2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ 】阅读理解 B The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital.She is quiet but alert (警觉)．Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it.She stares at it carefully.A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced.As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus until a third, with three black spots, is presented.Her gaze returns：she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world? Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes.Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects(a comb, a key, an orange and so on)，changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves.Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again.Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two.The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two；likewise(同 样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots. 【试题分析】 本文主要介绍了研究人员通过卡片或者击鼓等途径来检验婴儿对于数字变化的敏感程度。 结果表明，当婴儿发现数字比较多的时候，就会更加关注或变得更加兴奋。 1. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby's________． A．sense of hearing. B．sense of sight. C．sense of touch. D．sense of smell. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“She stares at it carefully.”可知，婴儿目不转睛地盯着看， 故研究人员的研究与婴儿的视觉有关。 答案：B 2. Babies are sensitive to the change in________． A．the size of cards. B．the colour of pictures. C．the shape of patterns. D．the number of objects. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第六句“As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze starts to lose its focusuntil a third，with three black spots，is presented.”可知，随着卡片上黑点的 变化，婴儿的视线也发生了变化，表明婴儿对于数字的变化比较敏感。 答案：D 3. Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats? A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment. B．To see how babies recognize sounds. C．To carry their experiment further. D．To keep the babies' interest. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The effect even crosses between senses.Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two...”可知，研究人员又做了击鼓的实验，发现婴儿的听觉对数字变化也同样敏感，其目的是 更加深入地研究婴儿对于数字的敏感程度，故选 C 项。 答案：C 4. Where does this text probably come from? A．Science fiction. B．Children's literature. C．An advertisement. D．A science report. 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，并结合多次提到的 experiments 和 researchers 等词可推断，研究人员 做了一个检验婴儿对于数字变化的敏感度的实验，故可推断本文为一篇科学报道。A 项“科幻小说”、B 项“儿 童文学”和 C 项“广告”均与本文内容不符。 答案：D 【2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ 】阅读理解 C It happened to me recently.I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama's Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President.A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was ，in his words, “a brilliantly(精彩地)written book”．However, he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.I sensed that I was talking to a book liar. And it seems that my friend is not the only one.Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven't.In the World Book Day's “Report on Guilty Secrets”， Dreams 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 From My Father is at number 9.The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as I'm not one to lie too often (I'd hate to be caught out )，I'll admit here and now that I haven't read the entire top ten.But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell's 1984.I think it's really brilliant. The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it.It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky(I haven't read him, but haven't lied about it either )and Herman Melville. Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to.This could be tricky if the conversation became more indepth! But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J．k.Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words)．Fortytwo percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story(I'll come clean: I do this and I am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so)． 【试题分析】 世界读书日的一个调查报告表明：有些人撒谎说他们读过某本书，其实他们根本没有读。 他们撒谎的主要是给别人留下深刻的印象。 1. How did the author find his friend a book liar? A．By judging his manner of speaking. B．By looking into his background. C．By mentioning a famous name. D．By discussing the book itself. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段 A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was，in his words，“a brilliant written book”．However，he then went on to talk about Mr.Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.然后他继续以一种能暗示出他对奥巴马背景一无所 知的方式继续谈论奥巴马，可知作者跟他的朋友谈论有关奥巴马的那本书，发现朋友对奥巴马的背景一无所 知，这暗示出朋友其实并没有读过这本书，他对奥巴马的背景一点都不知晓，故选 D。 答案：D 2. Which of the following is a “guilty secret” according to the World Book Day report? A．Charles Dickens is very low on the topten list. B．42% of people pretended to have read 1984. C．The author admitted having read 9 books. D．Dreams From My Father is hardly read. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 解析：细节理解题。本题的关键词是 guilty secret，定位第二、三段。根据文章第三段可知，不像百分 之四十二的人那样，我很高兴地说，我读过排在第一位的 George Orwell's 1984。由此可知，作者读过这本 书，而百分之四十二的人却没读过。故选 B。 答案：B 3. By lying about reading, a person hopes to______________. A．control the conversation B．appear knowledgeable C．learn about the book D．make more friends 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段“当被问及为什么撒谎的时候，最普遍的理由是想给正在说话的人 留下深刻的印象”可知，人们之所以选择撒谎是想让对方觉得自己知识渊博，从而给对方留下一个好的印象， 故 B 正确。 答案：B 4. What is the author's attitude to 58% of readers? A．Favorable B．Uncaring C．Doubtful D．Friendly 解析：态度推断题。根据第五段话最后一句“我很惊讶 58%的人说他们从来没这么做过”，表明作者态度 的词是 astomished。选项中与此词意义接近的答案便是 C 项。 答案：C 阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 You’ve seen news reports about people who need help after a flood. Maybe you’ve walked past people who are sleeping on the streets. Or perhaps you’ve watched TV programs about how lonely older people can get. So what can you do about any of those things? The answer: You can volunteer (做志愿者). Volunteering is a great way to learn new skills — from working as part of a team to setting and reaching goals. It gives you a chance to find out what kinds of things you’re good at and enjoy the most. Volunteering can provide you with a sense of responsibility because people really depend on you. And it can help you understand disabled (残疾的) people, sick kids, or the elderly. Volunteering helps people feel they do have the power to change things for the better. When people 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 depend on you, it can change the way you look at yourself, and this is the main reason that makes volunteering attractive. You can feel proud of the goals that you’ve achieved (实现) for a charity organization (慈善组织) — whether it’s helping to organize a 10K to raise money for lung cancer or running the race itself. Sometimes it’s easy to feel worried about your grades or the fight you had with your friend or parents. And although these things are very important in their own way, sometimes it can be helpful to get some distance and think about other things. Volunteering allows you to do this. It lets you focus on others that are worth doing. Finally, volunteering can help save you from being bored — it gives you a place to be where you can have a good time and keep busy. 1. From the passage, we can learn that volunteering ____. A. is the best way to find out your interests B. mainly helps the old and the poor people C. makes sure volunteers will get a good job in the future D. can help volunteers choose a job that they really like in the future 2. Today, most people volunteer mainly for the purpose of ______. A. making themselves famous and popular B. knowing their value by helping others C. increasing their knowledge and learning skills D. helping people out of trouble 3. What do the underlined words “a 10K” (Paragraph 3) probably refer to? A. A charity organization. B. A volunteer group. C. A 10-kilometer race. D. A political activity. 4. The purpose of the passage is to ________. A. talk about the difficulties of volunteering B. talk about how to make life meaningful C. tell readers how to volunteer D. talk about the advantages of volunteering 【参考答案】1---4、DBCD 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 【2016 模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 If you have a bad habit of losing things, a new device that can be connected to any item that you might lose may be the way to solve your problem. The Tile, a small square linked up to your iPhone or iPad via Bluetooth, lets you see how close you are to the missing item, within a 50-to 150-foot range . If the item goes out of your phone’s 150-foot range, it can still be detected (发现) on other smartphones with the same app. When you log into the app on your phone, it shows you, with green bars that increase or decrease, how far away you are from the Tile. You can also program it to make a sound when you get close to the Tile. And you can link up your phone with up to ten Tiles. And if your lost item — a dog, for example, or a stolen bike — goes out of your own phone’s 150-foot Bluetooth range, you can set it as a “lost item”. If any of the phones with the Tile app comes within the range of your lost item, a message will be sent to your own phone, reminding you of its position. The Tile app also has the function to remember where it last saw your Tile, so that you can easily find where you left it. Since the Tiles use Bluetooth rather than GPS, they never run out of battery or need to be charged, and they last for one year before needing to be replaced. The app, which will come into the market this winter, works with iPhone 5S, iPhone 6, iPad Mini, iPad 3rd and 4th generation, and iPod 5th generation. 1. The Tile app can help you . A. find your missing items B. use your phone more wisely C. save your phone’s battery power D. connect something to your phone 2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The Tile needs to be charged after a year of use. B. One smartphone can only be linked up to one Tile. C. The Tile cannot work when linked up to a phone without Bluetooth. D. A missing item can’t be found if it goes out of the needed range. 3. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us? A. What the Tile app is. B. How the Tile app works. C. The advantages of the Tile app. D. Why the Tile app was invented. 4. Where does this passage probably come from? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 A. A science fiction novel. B. An advertisement. C. A personal diary. D. A news report. 【参考答案】1--4ACBD