2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit2Healthyeating单元作业（19页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit2Healthyeating单元作业（19页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修三 Unit 2 Healthy eating 单元作业 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Watching what you eat can be easier said than done, but a recent study shows it might not just be about what's on your plate — it could be about how quickly it disappears.‎ Japanese researchers followed 1,083 adults for five years, splitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate: slow, normal, and fast. They also answered a questionnaire at the beginning of the study, sharing their diet, physical activity, and medical history. In the beginning, none of the volunteers had metabolic syndrome(新陈代谢综合征) — meaning at least three risk factors — which can lead to health problems like heart conditions and diabetes.‎ When the participants reported back five years later, 84 had been diagnosed (诊断) with metabolic syndrome — and their eating speed was a major predictor, according to the results in the journal Circulation. The fast eaters were 89 percent more likely to have metabolic syndrome than slow and normal eaters.Just 2.3 percent of slow eaters received the diagnosis, compared to 11.6 percent of fast eaters. But that's not all. Fast eaters also saw more weight gain, larger waistlines, and higher blood sugar levels than slow eaters.‎ The researchers say gobbling makes it easier not to take notice of fullness before your body has a chance to signal you to stop. “So when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat，” said Takayuki Yamaji, MD, study author and cardiologist at Hiroshima University in Japan in a statement.‎ Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating, too. One study of New Zealand women found fast eaters have higher ‎ bodymass indexes (指数), and a Chinese study found that both healthy and fat men ate less when told to chew 40 times instead of 15 times before swallowing. Initial research even suggests chewing your food longer could burn more calories — up to about 1,000 extra every month.‎ ‎1．What are the participants divided by?‎ A．Medical history.　　　　 　B．Health condition.‎ C．Physical activity. D．Eating speed.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“splitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate: slow, normal, and fast”可知，按照参与者吃饭的速度，研究者将他们分为吃得慢、正常、快三个类别。‎ ‎2．Which may be the result of the study?‎ A．Fast eaters are 4 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome.‎ B．Normal and slow eaters don't have metabolic illness.‎ C．89% of fast eaters have higher blood pressure.‎ D．Slow eaters are healthier than fast eaters.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Fast eaters also saw more weight gain, larger waistlines, and higher blood sugar levels than slow eaters.”可知，比起吃得慢的人，吃得快的人体重增加更多、腰围更大、血糖水平也更高，反向推知，吃得慢的人比吃得快的人更健康。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “gobbling ” in Paragraph 4 mean?‎ A．Tasting slowly. B．Digesting quickly.‎ C．Eating greedily. D．Cooking carefully.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“when people eat fast ‎ they are more likely to overeat”可知，吃得快可能会让人吃得过多。所以这个词的意思应是“狼吞虎咽地吃”，故选C项。‎ ‎4．What does the last paragraph tell us?‎ A．The importance of eating speed.‎ B．The advantage of eating slowly.‎ C．The result of a Chinese study.‎ D．Fast eating and overeating.‎ 解析：选B　段落大意题。根据文章最后一段的中心句“Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating, too.”及下文内容可知，本段主要讲吃得慢的好处。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019·合肥市高三质检)When we were kids, we didn't think of success or failure in the way we think now. At that time we dived straight into__1__.‎ In high school, I developed a preference for art.__2__， I studied really hard about other things，__3__ for a successful career in information science. __4__ everybody was supporting me in continuing on the “path of success”， I felt really __5__ inside. Deep down I knew, I'm not this person everybody thinks I am — my heart was__6__for something more meaningful. I wanted to do __7__.‎ My final year at college was also a __8__. I didn't manage to __9__ in time with my generation. Then I tried animation, design, and even music __10__for a while, so different from the career that I was always __11__ to do.Needless to say, such “creative” __12__ brought me much satisfaction, but I was running out of money. I was stuck in a __13__ — finding a job or finishing my degree, __14__ I made good progress at neither of them. I realized that just a strong __15__will not ‎ bring me across the river. I had to do the work with my own hands.‎ One day, a former high school teacher met me on the street. He was __16__ to hear I, one of his top students, wasn't doing well. He then __17__ me to find my first job as a game developer. After starting work, my life started to improve.‎ ‎__18__， I can see my goals and dreams have remarkably __19__ over the years. I often remind myself that although some dreams may__20__， you can always have your passion reborn again.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过叙述自己在成长过程中的学习经历告诉我们：虽然有些梦想可能会消失，但通过努力你仍可以让你的激情再生。‎ ‎1．A. safety　　　　　　　 　B．adventures C．agreement D．conflicts 解析：选B　根据上文“When we were kids, we didn't think of success or failure in the way we think now.”及下文中“我”的经历可知，那时我们直接投身于冒险(adventures)中。‎ ‎2．A. Instead B．Otherwise C．Thus D．However 解析：选D　根据空前的“In high school, I developed a preference for art.”及空后的“I studied really hard about other things”可知，前后之间形成转折关系。however “然而”符合语境。‎ ‎3．A. competing B．calling C．aiming D．accounting 解析：选C　根据空前的“I studied really hard about other things”可知，此处是指“我”的目标(aiming)是在信息科学领域取得成功。‎ ‎4．A. Although B．Since C．As D．If 解析：选A　根据下文内容可知，此处指虽然(Although)大家都支持“我”继续走这种“成功之路”，但“我”内心感觉非常空虚的(empty)。‎ ‎5．A. confident B．angry C．peaceful D．empty 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎6．A. beating B．bleeding C．aching D．answering 解析：选C　根据上文并结合下文“I wanted to do __7__.”可知，“我”并不是大家想象的那样，“我”内心渴望(aching)着更有意义的东西。‎ ‎7．A. science B．art C．sports D．business 解析：选B　根据上文“In high school, I developed a preference for art.”及下文内容可知，此处为原词复现，即“我”想去学习艺术(art)。‎ ‎8．A. success B．mess C．relief D．panic 解析：选B　根据下文“I didn't manage to __9__ in time with my generation.”可知，此处表示“我”大学的最后一年也是一团糟(mess)。‎ ‎9．A. apply B．balance C．graduate D．drop 解析：选C　根据下文中的“I was stuck ...finding a job or finishing my degree”可知，“我”没能及时和“我”同届的人一起毕业(graduate)。‎ ‎10．A. randomly B．wisely C．secretly D．suddenly 解析：选A　根据下文“so different from the career that I was always ‎ __11__ to do”可知，此处指然后“我”试着学习动画制作、设计，甚至随意地(randomly)学习了一段时间的音乐，和“我”一直想要从事的职业如此不同。‎ ‎11．A. reminded B．allowed C．ordered D．meant 解析：选D　参见上题解析。be meant to do sth.“意欲做某事”，符合语境。‎ ‎12．A. breakthroughs B．designs C．routines D．exchanges 解析：选A　根据上文“Then I tried ...for a while”和下文“brought me much satisfaction”可知，这些“创新性的”突破(breakthroughs)给“我”带来了很大的满足。‎ ‎13．A. solution B．dilemma C．negotiation D．compromise 解析：选B　根据上文“but I was running out of money”和下文“finding a job or finishing my degree”可知，“我”陷入了进退两难的境地(dilemma)。‎ ‎14．A. and B．or C．so D．but 解析：选D　根据空后的“I made good progress at neither of them”可知，此处指但(but)“我”在这两方面都没有取得很大的进步。‎ ‎15．A. desire B．relationship C．influence D．commitment 解析：选A　根据下文“I had to do the work with my own hands.”可知，“我”‎ 需要亲手去做工作，仅有强烈的欲望(desire)是不能克服困难的。‎ ‎16．A. amused B．proud C．sad D．annoyed 解析：选C　根据空后的“I, one of his top students, wasn't doing well”可知，作为老师最好的学生之一，没有取得好的成就，所以此处表示老师对“我”感到伤心(sad)。‎ ‎17．A. helped B．invited C．promised D．forced 解析：选A　根据语境可知，此处指老师帮(helped)“我”找到了第一份工作。‎ ‎18．A. Setting off B．Looking back C．Backing out D．Holding on 解析：选B　根据空后的“I can see my goals and dreams have remarkably __19__ over the years”可知，此处指作者回顾过去(Looking back)。‎ ‎19．A. settled B．reduced C．changed D．advanced 解析：选C　回顾过去，这些年来，“我”的目标和梦想变化(changed)显著。‎ ‎20．A. step down B．come true C．turn up D．die out 解析：选D　根据空后的“you can always have your passion reborn again”可知，“我”经常提醒自己，虽然有些梦想可能会消失(die out)，但激情总能再生。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2019·成都诊断)If you speak to a local about your stay in Chengdu, they'll probably ask if you've tried hot pot. Everyone __1__ (live) here seems to love it, and trying it should be a __2__ (fix) part of everyone's culinary tour of Sichuan.‎ Hot pot restaurants can __3__ (find) on pretty much every street in Chengdu, but the quality and taste can vary hugely.‎ When you do go for hot pot, you will often be asked to make a __4__ (choose) of broth in which you cook your raw ingredients (食材). If you're __5__ (adventure) and up for a challenge, the traditional oily spicy broth might be just the thing you're after. But __6__ you haven't yet fully adapted to the local taste, you'd better choose a nonspicy broth, or __7__ (go) for a less spicy option. Bear __8__ mind that some broths like the tomato, mushroom or northern style will not be on offer at every restaurant.‎ Half spicy and half clear broth is __9__ (ready) available at most restaurants; these pots either come divided down the middle like a giant yin and yang, or with __10__ separate smaller pot of clear broth in the middle. If you can't bear too much chili and oil, but want to have a try, ask for yuanyangguo.‎ ‎1．living　考查非谓语动词。live和句子谓语seems之间没有连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，且动词live和句子主语Everyone之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎2．fixed　考查非谓语动词。空处在句中作定语修饰part，又因动词fix和其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎3．be found　考查动词语态。动词find和句子主语Hot pot ‎ restaurants之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。‎ ‎4．choice　考查名词。根据空前的a和空后的of可知空处应填名词的单数形式。‎ ‎5．adventurous　考查形容词。根据空前的you're 可知，此处应用形容词adventurous作表语。‎ ‎6．if/when　考查连词。根据语境可知，空处可用if引导条件状语从句，表示对情况的假设；也可用when来引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。‎ ‎7．go　考查动词。根据连词or可知，此处go和动词choose是并列关系，故用动词原形形式。had better do sth.“最好做某事”。‎ ‎8．in　考查介词。bear (sth.) in mind意为“记住某事”，为固定搭配，故用介词in。‎ ‎9．readily　考查副词。空处修饰形容词应用副词，故填readily，在句中作状语。‎ ‎10．a　考查冠词。pot是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，又因separate的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Kids exercise all the time without even think of it. Just being active, like when you run around at outside or play basketball at school, is type of exercise. Playing sports, dancing and doing pushups also counts as exercise. These helped you build your strength. By using your muscles to do powerful things, you can make them strong than before. For teens and adult, this kind of workout can make muscles bigger, either. When you exercise, you're building a strong body what will be able to move around and do all the stuff you need to do. Try to do more physically exercise every day and your body will thank you later.‎ 答案：第一句：think→thinking 第二句：去掉第一个at; type前加a 第三句：counts→count 第四句：helped→help 第五句：strong→stronger 第六句：adult→adults; either→too 第七句：what→that/which 第八句：physically→physical 高考书面表达专题解题指导 必背范文七 道歉信 写作模板1‎ Dear ________(对象),‎ I am truly sorry that ___________________________________(道歉的原因).‎ The reason is that ______________________________________(介绍原因). ‎ Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my appologies and understand my situation.‎ Yours Sincerely,‎ Li Ming 写作模板2‎ Dear ________(对象),‎ I am excessively sorry to say/tell you that ①______________ ‎ ‎(直接表达自己不能实现先前的愿望或约定). ②Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret__________ (表达歉意). ③Please accept my sincere apology__________(诚恳希望对方能接受道歉). ④I fear you are displeased at _________(表达出自己的心情，并请求对方原谅).⑤I hope you will understand me and excuse me for__________(过渡句). ⑥Let me explain(开始介绍道歉的原因). ⑦The reason for my delay/absence was that _________(阐述自己当时的处境和情况). ⑧I had no way out because ___________ (总结自己道歉的原因). ⑨Therefore it’s not in my power to ___________(希望下次再次实现愿望). ⑩Naturally, I want to suggest ____________. I shall be glad if you will kindly write and tell me when and where you____________(约定下次约会的时间和地点)‎ We may meet again and I hope to see you soon.‎ Sincerely Yours, Li Hua 写好道歉信的关键在于措辞要朴实、委婉，语气要诚恳、真挚，解释要详细明了。例如＂I’m excessively sorry＂、＂sincere apology＂、＂deep regret＂等都是致歉之词，这就恰如其分地表达了写信人的真诚歉意。‎ 道歉信通常包括三部分内容：‎ ‎1.表示歉意，道歉的原由；‎ ‎2.出现差错的原因，提出弥补措施；‎ ‎3.请求原谅。语言要诚挚，解释的理由要真实。‎ 好的道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解，还会增进彼此的感情。‎ 范例 Dear Mr. Brown,‎ ‎ Much to my regret, I was unable to keep my engagement to meet you at the park gate. I fear you are displeased at my failing to keep my promise, but I trust you will forgive me. Let me explain. My mother suddenly fell sick early yesterday morning, and I had to send her to hospital. ‎ ‎ I shall be glad if you will kindly write and tell me when and where we may meet again. I hope to see you soon. Yours Sincerely, Li Ming ‎ ‎ ‎1. 道歉信中开头段常用句式和套话 I am writing this letter to express my regret…‎ 我写这封信是想表达我的遗憾……‎ I am writing to apologize for…‎ 我写信是为……道歉。‎ I would like to give you my apology for…‎ 我想…….向你道歉。‎ I am very sorry to say that…‎ 我很抱歉……‎ I must apologize about (not) doing sth…‎ 对于做了/没做……，我必须道歉。‎ Please accept my sincere apology for…‎ 请接受我对于......的真诚道歉。‎ I am writing to say sorry for…‎ 我写信是想对……说抱歉。‎ I am terribly sorry, but…‎ 我很抱歉，但是……‎ ‎2.道歉信中结尾段常用句式和套话 Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.‎ 我对于所造成的任何不便再次道歉。‎ Please allow me to say sorry again.‎ 请允许我再一次说抱歉。‎ Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.‎ 希望你们能够接受我的道歉，理解我的处境。‎ I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.‎ 我真诚的希望你能够站在我的位置想一想，并且接受我的道歉。‎ I want to let you know how regretful I am feeling now.‎ 我想让你知道我现在感觉多么的遗憾。‎ I am sorry that I can’t… but trust that you will be able to understand.‎ 很抱歉我不能……，但我相信，你会理解的。学科#网 ‎ ‎ Writing1‎ 假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友Tom约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：‎ ‎1. 表示歉意；‎ ‎2. 解释原因；‎ ‎3. 另约时间。‎ ‎　　‎ 写作指导：‎ 这是一篇应用文，要求写一封道歉信。写作要求只给出了大体的框架，因此具有很大的开放性。道歉信主要是向收信人表明歉意，请求对方谅解自己的过失。写道歉信时要明确不是找借口为自己辩护，而是承认自己的过错并提出弥补过错的具体建议和方法。此类信件的关键是用词准确，表达真诚。在写作时可以根据提示的要求按照三段式的模式布局谋篇。‎ ‎　　首段：重述自己做错的事，表示歉意。‎ ‎　　主体段落：说明道歉的具体原因，应尽量详细描述做错事的经过。写信时应该注意在申述理由时要照顾读信人的感受，切忌强词夺理。‎ ‎　　结尾段：再次表明承认错误的态度，请求收信人的谅解。也可以提出补救的办法。‎ ‎　　参考范文：‎ ‎　　Dear Tom，‎ ‎　　I am indeed very sorry that I can’t go to Beijing with you next week, which I have promised. I feel badly about it and want you to know what happened.‎ ‎　　Just now, my cousin, Li Qiong, who left home to Australia for his further study last year， informed me that he will return this Saturday morning. And ask me to pick him up at the airport with his family. You know, we haven’t seen each other for nearly a year.‎ ‎　　I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. I would appreciate your allowing me to make another date to show you around Beijing. Once again, I’m sorry for any inconvenience caused.‎ Sincerely yours,‎ Li Hua Writing2‎ 假如你是小明，前天踢足球时你撞倒了你的好朋友李华，因而你俩发生争吵。经过两天的冷静思考，你觉得不应该因为这件小事而失去一个好朋友，于是决定写一封道歉信，希望和他冰释前嫌，内容包括:‎ ‎1.说明写信的目的；‎ ‎2.承认自己的错误；‎ ‎3.指出李华的不足；‎ ‎4.提出希望，重归于好。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息；‎ ‎2.可适当增加细节，使内容充实，行文连贯；‎ ‎3.词数不少于100，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。学科#网 Dear Li Hua,‎ I’m sorry________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Best wishes.‎ Yours,‎ Xiao Ming ‎ ‎ Writing3‎ 假如你是李华，现因公司货品质量问题给Johnson写一封道歉信。要点如下：‎ ‎1.研究问题，找出原因，避免同样的事情出现；‎ ‎2.提出补救办法:免费提供另一件经检验合格的货品以作更换，提升产品的质量，营业部的 John Lee先生会尽快和你联络；‎ ‎3.珍惜与对方长久以来建立的友谊，并且会不断地努力，提供物美价廉的产品及更好的售后服务。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3.开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Mr. Johnson,‎ First of all, thank you for informing us of the quality issue. I sincerely apologize to you for our failure to provide you with satisfactory products.‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours faithfully,‎ Li Hua ‎【范文】‎ Dear Mr. Johnson, ‎ First of all, thank you for informing us of the quality issue. I sincerely apologize to you for our failure to provide you with satisfactory products. ‎ We’ll study the problem, find out the cause of the problem, and try to avoid the same bad thing. We assure you that we will provide you with a free exchange for the replacement of the one you bought. Mr. John Lee of our Business Department will contact you as soon as possible.‎ We hope you understand that this is just an accidental event, and we will try to continually improve our product quality. We cherish the establishment of a lasting friendship with you. At the same time, we also will continue to work hard to provide high-quality and affordable products and better after-sales service for you.‎ I sincerely apologize again for the trouble this has caused you.‎ Yours faithfully, ‎ Li Hua ‎ Writing4‎ 假如你是育才中学的学生李华，昨天你在英语课上做数学作业被英语老师Miss Cheng发现了，你的数学书被英语老师收走了。请用英语给英语老师写一封道歉信，内容应包括以下要点:‎ ‎1.向老师道歉；‎ ‎2.解释上课为什么做数学作业；‎ ‎3.提出自己的请求并作出保证。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数120左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎2.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear Miss Cheng,‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎ Writing5‎ ‎　假如你是新华中学的学生李华，上周在外教Mr. Jackson的口语课上使用手机被老师发现，手机被收走。请用英语给Mr. Jackson写一封道歉信，内容应包括以下要点:‎ ‎1.表示歉意；‎ ‎2.解释上课使用手机的原因；‎ ‎3.提出自己的请求并适当表态。‎ 注意:‎ ‎1.词数：120左右；信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ ‎2.可适当添加细节以使文章连贯。‎ Dear Mr. Jackson,‎ I am really sorry about my using the mobile phone in your class last week.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua